1. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS ·The basic building block of which proteins are made are called amino acids. ·All amino acids have same basic structure H (R) CH3 (R) H2N (amino group) C COOH (an acid group H2N C COOH H H Glycine Alanine ·When two amino acids combine the product is dipeptide and when more than two or more amino acids combine a polypeptide is formed ·There are just twenty different amino acids from which proteins are formed. ·The order in which the amino acids are attached to each other determines which protein is formed ·The sequence of the bases determine which protein is going to be formed

2. Step 1: DNA forms mRNA ·Weak hydrogen bonds break and DNA splits into two single strands ·Alongside one of the strands free nucleotides are picked up to make a mRNA ·REMEMBER IN RNA THYMINE IS REPLACED BY URACIL ·The process of forming mRNA is called transcription and enzyme transcriptase helps in transcription ·Three adjacent bases on mRNA make up a CODON

3. Step 2: mRNA moves out of nucleus ·mRNA leaves the nucleus and attaches the ribosomes in the cytoplasm

4. Step 3: tRNA picks up amino acids (TRANSLATION) tRNA has triplets of bases called anti-codon ·tRNA picks up amino acids from the cytoplasm ·Each tRNA can only pick up one type of amino acid ·The tRNAs with their attached amino acids move to the ribosomes

5. (TRANSLATION) Step 4: tRNA attaches to mRNA ·Each tRNA moves along the mRNA until its anti-codon matches the bases on the mRNA codon

6. Step 5: Amino acids join (TRANSLATION) ·The amino acids, attached to tRNAs detach from the tRNA ·The amino acids combine by dehydration synthesis to form dipeptides or polypeptides ·The tRNA breaks from ribosomes in search of new amino acids to make more proteins

7. GeneticsTour.exe