The document discusses several key concepts in phonology: 1) Speech sounds can be decomposed into articulatory features that distinguish consonants and vowels across languages. 2) Phonemes are the basic sound units of a language and can be identified through minimal pairs. 3) Syllables group speech sounds and are important units for phonological rules and well-formed words. Languages vary in permissible syllable structures.

3. Seeing Speech

7. Lost in Translation

15. Phonemes and Allophones allophone allophone

29. Syllable Structure Legislator: le-gi-sla-tor; four syllables ( σ ) σ Onset Rhyme k Nucleus Coda æ t Monosyllabic cat :

30. Onsets and Speech Errors Spoonerisms (Rev. Dr. W. A. Spooner, 1844-1930) Target: d ear old qu een Output: queer old dean Target: You have w asted the whole t erm Output: You have tasted the whole worm. Target: You m issed my h istory lectures. Output: You hissed my mystery lectures.

34. Infixation: more on this next week Suffix: Attached to the end of a word (work- ed ) Prefix: Beginning ( un -important) Infix: Inside a word What is an example of an infix in English? There is at least one phenomenon with the relevant properties. this illustrates the basic principle that larger linguistic units are built out of smaller ones

35. Expletive infixation Expletive Infixation is not something that our English teachers instruct us in; yet we know a great deal about it – what’s the rule? Go home and try with your friends & Tas It has to do with stress patterns of language inde - f*cking - pendent unrea - f*cking - listic * indepen - f*cking - dent * unreali - f*cking - stic