scalp; is the soft tissue covering of cranial vault. it extends anteriorly: supraorbital margin posteriorly:external occipital protuberance and superior nuchal lines. on each side: superior temporal lines.

1. Presented by: Dr.Abhilasha Maharshi
M.Sc(Med)Batch-2013
Dr.S.N. Medical College

2. prof. Makarem
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 EXTENT
 LAYERS
 NERVE SUPPLY
 ARTERIAL SUPPLY
 VENOUS DRAINAGE
 LYMPHATICS
 APPLIED CLINICAL ANATOMY

3. • Soft tissue covering the cranial vault.
. It extends :
• anteriorly-supraorbital margins
• Posteriorly-external occipital
protuberance and superior nuchal
lines
• Each side –superior temporal lines

4. The SCALPSCALP consists of five layers:
• Skin
• Connective tissue
• Aponeurosis
• Loose areolar tissue
• Pericranium

5. prof. Makarem
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6. prof. Makarem
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7. • connect the skin
to the underlying
aponeurosis of
the
occipitofrontalis.
• numerous
arteries and
veins (the
superficialsuperficial
veinsveins of the
scalp).

8. OccipitofrontalisOccipitofrontalis
(epicranius)(epicranius)
• Origin:Origin: It consists of two bellies,
occipitalis and frontalis, both of which
are inserted into epicranial
aponeurosis.
• The occipital bellies are smallerThe occipital bellies are smaller
andand arise lateral two third of the
superior nuchal line and supplied by
the posterior auricular branch of
facial nerve. and pass forward to be
attached to the aponeurosis.
• The frontal bellies are larger andThe frontal bellies are larger and
closer to each other in the middlecloser to each other in the middle
lineline
• theythey arise from the skin of forehead
and pass backward to be attached to
the aponeurosis.

10. • looselyloosely
connectsconnects the
epicranial
aponeurosis to
the periosteum
of the skull (the
pericranium)
• contains a few
small arteries
• contains some
important
emissaryemissary
veinsveins

11. >it is firmly attached to the sutures with the
sutural ligament which bind the pericranium
to endocranium
• The fifth layer of the scalp: pericranium It is the
periosteumperiosteum covering the outer surface of the skull
bones.

12. prof. Makarem
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The main trunks of the
sensory nerves lie in
the superficial fasciasuperficial fascia..

13. prof. Makarem
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15. prof. Makarem
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16. • The supra-supra-
trochlear nerve,trochlear nerve, a
branch of the
ophthalmic
division of the
trigeminal nerve,
winds around the
superior orbital
margin and
supplies the scalp.
• It passes
backward close to
the median plane
and reaches
nearly as far as
the vertex of the
skull.

17. • The supra-supra-
orbital nerve,orbital nerve,
a branch of the
ophthalmic
division of the
trigeminal
nerve, winds
around the
superior
orbital margin
and ascends
over the
forehead.
• It supplies the
scalp as far
backward as
the vertex.

18. • The auricu-auricu-
lotemporallotemporal
nerve,nerve, a branch
of the
mandibular
division of the
trigeminal
nerve, ascends
over the side of
the head from
in front of the
auricle.
• Its terminal
branches
supply the skin
over the
temporal
region.

19. The zygoma-zygoma-
ticotemporal nerve,ticotemporal nerve,
a branch of the
maxillary division
of the trigeminal
nerve, supplies the
scalp over the
temple.

20. The lesserlesser
occipital nerve,occipital nerve,
a branch of the
cervical plexus
(C2), supplies
the scalp over
the lateral part
of the occipital
region and the
skin over the
medial surface
of the auricle.

21. The greatergreater
occipital nerve,occipital nerve,
a branch of the
posterior
ramus of the
second cervical
nerve, ascends
over the back
of the scalp and
supplies the
skin as far
forward as the
vertex of the
skull.

22. prof. Makarem
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23.  The scalp has a
rich supply ofrich supply of
bloodblood to nourish
the hair follicles,
and, for this reason,
the smallest cutthe smallest cut
bleeds profusely.bleeds profusely.
 The arteries lie in
the superficial
fascia.

24. prof. Makarem
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25. TheThe
supratrochlearsupratrochlear
and theand the
supraorbitalsupraorbital
arteries,arteries,
branches of the
ophthalmic
artery, ascend
over the
forehead in
company with
the
supratrochlear
and
supraorbital
nerves.
prof. Makarem
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26. • The superficialThe superficial
temporal artery,temporal artery, the
smaller terminal
branch of the
external carotid
artery, ascends in
front of the auricle in
company with the
auriculo-temporal
nerve.
• It divides into
anterioranterior and
posterior branches,posterior branches,
which supply the
skin over the frontal
and temporal
regions.
prof. Makarem
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27. The posteriorThe posterior
auricularauricular
artery,artery, a
branch of the
external
carotid artery,
ascends
behind the
auricle to
supply the
scalp above
and behind
the auricle.
prof. Makarem
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28. • The occipitalThe occipital
artery,artery, a branch
of the external
carotid artery,
ascends from
the apex of the
posterior
triangle, in
company with
the greater
occipital nerve.
• It supplies the
skin over the
back of the
scalp and
reaches as high
as the vertex of
the skull.

29. The veins of the
scalp freely
anastomose with
one another.

30. The veins of theveins of the
scalpscalp areare
connectedconnected to
the diploic veins
of the skull
bones and the
intracranial
venous sinuses
by the
valvelessvalveless
emissary veins.

31. TheThe
supra-supra-
trochleartrochlear
and
supraorbisupraorbi
tal veinstal veins
unite at
the
medial
margin
of the
orbit to
form the
facial
vein.

32. TheThe
superficialsuperficial
temporaltemporal
veinvein unites
with the
maxillary
vein in the
substance
of the
parotid
gland to
form the
retroman-
dibular
vein.

33. TheThe
posteriorposterior
auricularauricular
veinvein unites
with the
posteriorposterior
divi-sion ofdivi-sion of
the ret-the ret-
romandibularomandibula
r vein,r vein, just
below the
parotid
gland, to
form the
external
jugular vein.

34. The
suboccipital
venous plexus
in turn drains
into the
vertebral veins
or the internalthe internal
jugular vein.jugular vein.

35. Lymph vessels in
the anterior part of
the scalp and
forehead drain into
the
submandibularsubmandibular
lymph nodes.lymph nodes.

36. • Drainage from
the lateral part
of the scalp
above the ear is
into the
superficialsuperficial
parotidparotid;
(preauricular)
nodes.
• lymph vessels
in the part of
the scalp above
and behind the
ear drain into
the mastoidmastoid
nodes.

37. • Vessels in the
back of the
scalp drain into
the occipitaloccipital
nodes.
• All these groups
of lymph nodes
are drained into
the deepdeep
cervical groupcervical group
of lymph nodes.

39.  Because the abundance of sebaceous
glands,the scalp is a common site for
sebaceous cyst.
 Wounds of the scalp do not gape until the
epicranial aponeurosis is divided
transversely.
 Wounds of scalp bleed profusely because
vessels are prevented from retracting by the
fibrous fascia.bleeding can be arrested by
applying pressure on the bone.
prof. Makarem
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40. Black eye

41.  Dangerous area of the scalp: loose
areolar tissue.
prof. Makarem
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42. Pericranium is
adherent to
sutures, so
collection of fluid
below pericranium
take the shape of
bone concenered .

43. 43prof. Makarem