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PROJECT MANAGEMENT
์ œํ’ˆ, ์„œ๋น„์Šค, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค ์ค‘




Waterfall
Iterative Design
Agile Development
Lean Startup
                       MICHAEL SHILMAN
                       michael@shilman.net
                       KEYWON CHUNG
                       keywonc@gmail.com
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋„ค๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
                                             1
OUR BACKGROUND
                                 Academic Research
                         Iterative Product Development
                              Human-Centered Design
                                 Agile & Lean Startup
Michael                                                                                                       Keywon



   UC        Microsoft     Startup                           MIT                    IDEO              Microsoft
 Berkeley    Research                                      Media Lab                                   Office


์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‘์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋””์ž์ธ, ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ณตํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌ, ์•„ํŠธ, ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์™€ ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ,   We have very different backgrounds in design, academic and corporate
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฒค์ฒ˜ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์Šคํƒ€ํŠธ์—…์„ ๋น„๋กฏ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์Œ“์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.        research, interactive media, and venture-backed startups.
๋ช‡๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ•˜๋‹ค ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋™์—…์ž๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ ค ํ•˜๋‹ˆ, ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ    After working separately for years, we're starting a new project together
์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์ฐธ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•ด๋ณธ ์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์†Œ๊ฐœ   and one of the most difficult parts has been figuring out how to work
ํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žฅ๋‹จ์ ์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•ด๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
                                             together most effectively.                                                2
SILICON VALLEY                             BERKELEY



                      SAN FRANCISCO


US Innovation Hub
  #1 in Venture Investments ($5.9B 2010)
  #1 in Patents (10K+ Patents Registered 2009)
  Massive regional GDP ($150B 2010)

                                                 PALO ALTO
Mature                                         MOUNTAIN VIEW
                                                 STANFORD
 40+ years since HP, Fairchild in 1950โ€™s
์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ”์—์„œ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์„ธ๊นŒ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ž‡๋Š” ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜๋ฐธ๋ฆฌ ์ง€์—ญ์€
1960๋…„๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ์ œํ’ˆ, ์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•œ
์ง€์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
                                                               SAN JOSE
                                                                          3
SILICON VALLEY: PRODUCTS




                           4
SILICON VALLEY: PROCESS
Also produces:
  Tools
 Techniques
 Methodology


                                 How to Build It
                 What to Build
์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ๋ฐธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ž์ฒด ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ๊ณผ
๋‹ด๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ๋„์™€ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
                                                   5
BY โ€˜PROJECT MANAGEMENTโ€™ WE MEAN:
ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ด€๋ฆฌ = ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ, ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•




 Ways to develop products,
 services, and technologies that
 change the world.


์ฆ‰ ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์ด๋ผ ํ•จ์€, ์„ธ์ƒ์— ํฌ
๊ณ ์ž‘์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ, ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š”
๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

                                           6
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
ํŠน์ • ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์ /์ธ์  ์ž์›์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ... ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,


Wikipedia: โ€œplanning, organizing, securing, and
managing resources to achieve specific goalsโ€




This is the wrong way to think about it.
                                                  7
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_management
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์˜ ์ด์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.

From
         A desire you
       have: A problem
       to solve, an idea
           to realize
                                                 To


                              Widely used and
                             accepted solution
This is a better way to
think about it.
                                                      8
WHY METHODOLOGY?
๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ๋ฐ”๋น  ์ฃฝ๊ฒ ๋Š”๋ฐ ์›ฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ?




                                     ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ๋‹ฆ๋Š”๋ฒ• 1




                                     ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ๋‹ฆ๋Š”๋ฒ• 2

Why should we talk about different
ways of doing things?
                                               9


                                     ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ๋‹ฆ๋Š”๋ฒ• 3
PERSONAL DESIRES DRIVE
CHANGE AND INNOVATION.
We want to turn the desires into reality.




๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋ง๊ณผ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ํ˜   Peter Jackson is touted as the mastermind, a
์‹ ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.                     visionary who turned the โ€œunfilmmableโ€ LOTR
                              trilogy into Oscar-winning films.




                                                                             Peter Jackson
                                                                                             10
TO CREATE A NEW REALITY,
WE WORK IN A GROUP.
Even โ€œgeniusesโ€ donโ€™t work alone.




๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์š•๋ง์„ ํ˜„์‹ค์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด           To turn the desires into reality, we work with
์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜ผ์ž          others.
๋ชจ๋“ ์ผ์„ ๋‹ค ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด์œ ์ด์ฃ .            Peter Jackson did not work alone. In fact, he
ํ”ผํ„ฐ์žญ์Šจ์ด ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฐ๋…์ด์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜ผ์ž ๋ฐ˜์ง€์ œ์™•์„ ๋งŒ            created and executed a vision with thousands
๋“ค์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์€๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์›จํƒ€ ์›Œํฌ์ƒต, ๋””           of people. Steve Jobs, and Edison are all
์ง€ํ„ธ, ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋“ค, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋“ค, ๋‹จ์—ญ๋“ค, ๋ฌด๋ ค ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋ช…์˜ ํž˜         master teamworkers in disguise.
์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ์„œ ๊ทธ ๋น„์ „์ด ์™„์„ฑ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .




                     Weta Workshop (2000)                                              Peter Jackson
                                                                                                       11
BUT THE REAL REASON
WE WORK IN A GROUP IS...
We want to create something valuable to others.

                                                                                      VALUE



ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง„์งœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š”, ๋‚˜ ํ•œ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋งŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ 
์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
                              But the real reason is because you donโ€™t just
                              want to create something that only you need
                                                                               RISK
                              and understand.
๋‹ค๋ฅธ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ฐ€์น˜์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
์„œ๋Š” ๋‚˜ํ˜ผ์ž ์ผํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(  )์˜   In order to create something valued by others,
๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ณ , ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š”    you need to employ multiple talents and
๋†’์ด๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฐˆ๋ง์„ ๊ฐ€   perspectives ( ) to lower risks and increase
์ง„ ๊ฐœ์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .            the proposed value.




                                                                                      IDEO Crit
                                                                                                  12
THATโ€™S WHY WE NEED...

Point of View
์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์„ ์•Œ๊ธฐ + ๋‚จ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ
                                                                Methodology
                                                                ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ž๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ + ๋‚จ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ




Communication                                                   Experimentation
์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ + ์„ค๋“ํ•˜๊ธฐ + ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜๊ธฐ                                              ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ + ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๊ธฐ + ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๊ธฐ + ์ง„๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ




์ด ์ „์ œ์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”.
If you disagree with this premise, please leave the room now.
                                                                                                 13
FOUR APPROACHES
   ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•  ๋„ค๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Waterfall       Iterative          Agile            Lean
Skyscraper      Playground         Lego House       Flower Arrangement
์ „์ฒด์  ์„ค๊ณ„ ํ›„ ์ผ๊ด„์ ์œผ   ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฒˆ์˜ ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ดํ•‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด    ์กฐ๊ฐ์กฐ๊ฐ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๊ณ    ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งŒ๋“  ํ›„
๋กœ ์ง“๊ธฐ            ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ์ •ํ•œํ›„   ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ             ์ ์ง„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฑ„์›Œ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ธฐ
                ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ธฐ




                                                                   14
WATERFALL
์ „์ฒด์  ์„ค๊ณ„ ํ›„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์— ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ




 You should design
 before you build it
 all at once.


                        15
WATERFALL PROCESS
๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์— ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ


  Requirements
                        What to build
     Design

 Implementation

   Verification         How to build it

   Maintenance                            16
WATERFALL PRODUCTS
ํฌ๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ œ์ž‘, ์ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ž์›์„ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์—ด

IBM 360 (1964)
SAGE aircraft monitoring system (1983)
The Mythical Man-Month (1975)
Matrix Organizations




                                         17
REQUIREMENTS
ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์ „์ฒด๊ตฌ์กฐ, ์œ ์ง€ ๋ฐ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐ ์ •๋ฆฌ

Brainstorming                                   Specification Document




http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_testing
DESIGN
์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ๊ตฌ์„ฑ, ์ฃผ์š”๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์™€ ์ „ํ›„๊ณผ์ •, ์ฝ”๋“œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”
Sketches & Wireframes                       Usage Flows   Architectural Design




http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_testing
IMPLEMENTATION
์ฝ”๋“œ์™€ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ๋ฐ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ์ œ์ž‘, ์ค‘์•™์„œ๋ฒ„์— ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ
Coding, creating UI and content assets, add new assets to tracking system
IMPLEMENTATION
์˜ˆ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ค์ •, ์ฃผ์š” ์ด์ •ํ‘œ, ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„ ์„ ์ •                  Gantt Chart


Scheduling, Milestones, Priority, Triage
VERIFICATION
์ž‘์€ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋‹จ์œ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ „์ฒด์  ํ๋ฆ„๊นŒ์ง€, ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ฑ, ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์„ ์‹œํ—˜
Unit / Regression Test               Functional Test   User Test




Performance Test         Load Test                     Alpha / Beta
MAINTENANCE
๋ฒ„๊ทธ ์ˆ˜์ง‘, ์ˆ˜์ •, ์ˆ˜์ •๋ณธ ๋ฐ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ ๋ฐฐํฌ
Bug Tracking               Deployment
WATERFALL EXERCISE
Reverse-engineer Kickstarter.




                                24
WHATโ€™S WRONG WITH THIS APPROACH?




                                   25
UNUSABLE PRODUCTS
๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž์˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์™€ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์ด ๊ณ ์ƒ์ด์ฃ .




                                                                                                            โ€œDespite appearances, business executives
                                                                                                            are simply not the ones in control of the high-
                                                                                                            tech industry. They have inadvertently put
                                                                                                            programmers and engineers in charge,
                                                                                                            leading to products and processes that waste
                                                                                                            huge amounts of money, squander customer
โ€œDeep down inside every software developer, there's a budding graphic designer waiting to get out. And if   loyalty, and erode competitive advantage.
you let that happen, you're in trouble. Or at least your users will be, anywayโ€                             They have let the inmates run the asylum.โ€
                                                                                                                                                 26
CANNOT MANAGE RISKS
์ง„ํ–‰์ค‘์—” ์ƒํ™ฉ ํŒŒ์•…์ด ํž˜๋“ค๊ณ , ๋ง‰ํŒ์— ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ชจ์ž๋ฅด๊ณ , ๋„์ค‘์— ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


Not realistic to do a full design up front
Hard to adjust your design mid-stream
Hard to estimate your schedule, slippage
Hard to wrap up at the end




                                                27
ITERATIVE
์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์— ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ




 You should design
 user-centered
 before you build it
 all at once.
                                 28
ITERATIVE PROCESS
์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋””์ž์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์— ํˆฌ์ž ํ›„ ํญํฌ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ


 Requirements
                     What to build
    Design

Implementation

  Verification       How to build it

 Maintenance                           29
ITERATIVE PRODUCTS
  ๋ฐ•์Šคํ˜• ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ๋ฐ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ๋“ค
                             1983




                                    1993




Microsoft Windows, Office
Adobe Photoshop
Norton Antivirus
Nintendo Wii




                            1996
Cooper personas


 REQUIREMENTS
 ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ํ•„์š”์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์ด ์šฐ์„ ์‹œ๋จ

 User Research                                  Modeling, Personas
Observation & interview




                                                             Cultural model




                          POEMS user research
DESIGN
๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ๋””์ž์ธ, ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ดํ•‘, ํ‰๊ฐ€, ๋ณด๊ณ , ์ˆ˜์ •์ž‘์—…์„ ๊ฑฐ์นจ

Prototypes, mockups         Expert and user feedback
ITERATIVE DESIGN EXERCISE
What information do you need to design Kickstarter?




                                                      33
WHATโ€™S WRONG WITH THIS APPROACH?




                                   34
BROKEN!
๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์• ๋กœ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ์—ฌ์ „: ๋ณต์žกํ•จ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์€ ๋ถ€์กฑ


 Requirements
                     What to build
    Design

Implementation

  Verification       How to build it

 Maintenance                           35
STILL, CANNOT MANAGE RISKS
์‹ค์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐ›์„๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ๋Š” 5-6๋…„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


Not realistic to do a full design up front
Hard to adjust your design mid-stream
Hard to estimate your schedule, slippage
Hard to wrap up at the end


Takes too long before real-world validation.




                                               36
NEW ERA: INTERNET!
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์œผ๋‹ˆ...




                              37
CONTINUAL ITERATION
์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋์—†์ด ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ๋Œ€ ๋„๋ž˜!




1999                     2011




                                         38
NEVER-ENDING CYCLE
                                   ์ด์ „์—๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์ถœ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด ๋
                                   ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด์ œ๋Š” ์ถœ์‹œ ํ›„์—
                                   ๋„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์„ 
Requirements                       ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

                 What to build     Now you are not done after shipping
                                   the product. You can release new
   Design                          version of your product as many
                                   times a day or a week as you like. No
                                   one waits for another 5 years for a
                                   new version anymore.

Implementation

 Verification    How to build it

 Maintenance
                                                                   39
AGILE
์กฐ๊ฐ์กฐ๊ฐ ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ฉ์ฒดํ•˜๊ธฐ




 You can design
 while you build it
 incrementally.


                       40
AGILE DEVELOPMENT, e.g. โ€œSCRUMโ€
How can we make development more โ€œrealโ€?

              โ€œFictionโ€               โ€œRealityโ€
                                                  ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํญํฌ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์—์„œ๋Š” 80ํ”„๋กœ ์ด
                                                  ์ƒ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •๋™์•ˆ ์‹ค์ œ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์œค๊ณฝ์„ ๋ณผ
                                                  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง‰ํŒ์— ๊ฐ€์„œ์•ผ
                                                  Build (๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ค‘์ธ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์ž„์‹œ๋ฒ„์ „๋“ค)
                                                  ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ž‘๋™์ด ์•ˆ๋˜๊ณ  ๋ฒ„๊ทธ๊ฐ€
                                                  ์ถฉ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ์ž๋ฅธ
                                                  ์ปจํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€์„œ์•ผ ๋น„์ƒ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ค์„œ
                                                  ์ฑ„์›Œ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

                                                  ์• ์ž์ผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ์ • ์ „์ฒด์— ๊ฑธ
                                                  ์ณ์„œ ๊ทธ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์•Œ
                                                  ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
                                                  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.




                                                                    41
SHORTEN CYCLE TIME
Confront reality more often      Break development into chunks
                                 Finish chunks completely
                                 Donโ€™t need to release, but you can
Fiction    Reality


                                                                                ...

   1-4 weeks

               Shipping   Shipping         Shipping        Shipping
               software   software         software        software
                              ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์— ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ๋ช‡์ฃผ๋งˆ๋‹ค    ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์ œํ’ˆ์ด ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ 
                              ํŠน์ • ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถœ์‹œ/   ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ๊ฐ€, ์‹œํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜„์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์ •
                              ์ €์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช‡์ฃผ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์„     ํ™•ํžˆ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.          42
                              ๋œ ์™„์ œํ’ˆ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
SCRUM STANDING MEETING
For 15 minutes every 24 hours:
What I did yesterday
What am I going to do today
Whatโ€™s blocking me
ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ํ•œ๋ฒˆ, 15๋ถ„๋™์•ˆ ํŒ€์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ์„œ ์ด
์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด๋„ ํฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.




                                 43
SCRUM PROCESS




                44
SCRUM BOARD




              45
ESTIMATION: PLANNING POKER




                             4
BURNDOWN




           47
SCRUM EXERCISE
Break up Kickstarter into iterations




                                       48
WHATโ€™S WRONG WITH THIS APPROACH?




                                   49
WHAT TO BUILD AND WHY?

How does iterative design fit with this?
Is our product actually desirable?
Is our product actually usable?
Are we meeting our business goals?




                                           50
LEAN
์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋จผ์ € ์„ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฑ„์›Œ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ธฐ




 You should
 design and measure
 while you build it
 incrementally.
                             51
LEAN PROCESS
๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์ด์šฉ๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ



 Requirements
                    What to build
    Design

Implementation

  Verification      How to build it

 Measurement                          52
HOW DO YOU MANAGE PERFORMANCE?
์ธก์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ• ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์–ด์š”!




                        You canโ€™t
                       manage what
                        you donโ€™t
                        measure.

                                     53
LEAN PHILOSOPHY
Learning is a product
Test every assumption
Measure on real users

                MEASURE!       MEASURE!       MEASURE!       MEASURE!


                                                                        ...

   1 week

            Release        Release        Release        Release
            software       software       software       software
                                                                        54
LEAN PHILOSOPHY
Learn as quickly as possible
Build only what you need
Iterate early and often

                                       Build




                               Learn           Measure
EVERY INTERACTION IS A FUNNEL
๋ชจ๋“  ์ธํ„ฐ๋ž™์…˜์„ ๊น”๋•Œ๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.

You can lead users to behave a certain way by
redesigning and optimizing funnels.

                    Arrive at Service


                 Sign up with the Service


                      Create Profile
                                                56
WHAT TO MEASURE




                                     4


                  h"p://500hats.typepad.com/2
HOW TO MEASURE



   Concept          Features          Optimization



Conversations   Frequent releases    A/B split testing
Sketches        High-level metrics
Prototypes
                                                         58
LEAN EXERCISE
Design Kickstarter experiments.




                                  59
WHATโ€™S WRONG WITH THIS APPROACH?




                                   60
WHATโ€™S WRONG WITH THIS APPROACH?

Experiments can be heavyweight
Doesnโ€™t help us synthesize
Can stifle creativity, lead to local optimization
Metrics only offer one type of insight




                                                    61
FOUR APPROACHES
   ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•œ ๋„ค๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Waterfall       Iterative          Agile            Lean
Skyscraper      Playground         Lego House       Flower Arrangement
์ „์ฒด์  ์„ค๊ณ„ ํ›„ ์ผ๊ด„์ ์œผ   ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฒˆ์˜ ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ดํ•‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด    ์กฐ๊ฐ์กฐ๊ฐ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๊ณ    ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งŒ๋“  ํ›„
๋กœ ์ง“๊ธฐ            ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ์ •ํ•œํ›„   ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ             ์ ์ง„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฑ„์›Œ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ธฐ
                ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ธฐ




You should        You should       You can          You should
design            design user-     design           design &
before you        centered         while you        measure
build it          before you       build it         while you
all at once.      build it         incrementally.   build it
                  all at once.                      incrementally.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT IS IMPORTANT.
Using the right approach leads to:   ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ž˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ํฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


  Creativity / insight                           Structure / constraints
  Experimentation                                Speed / predictability


But no approach is perfect, so:      ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž์‹ ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


  Mix it up and experiment to find your own flavor.

  Iterate and iterate until successful.

  Measure and understand user behaviors,
  and influence them with every redesign.
                                                                            63
BUT MORE IMPORTANT IS...

 What youโ€™re building


 Love your product.
Keep your raw skills sharp.


                              64
BUT MORE IMPORTANT IS...

 Who youโ€™re building it for


 Know your users.
Know your domain.


                              65
BUT MORE IMPORTANT IS...

 Who youโ€™re building it with


 Bond with your team.
Have a lot of fun together.


                               66
Q&A




      THE END

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Project Management

  • 1. PROJECT MANAGEMENT ์ œํ’ˆ, ์„œ๋น„์Šค, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค ์ค‘ Waterfall Iterative Design Agile Development Lean Startup MICHAEL SHILMAN michael@shilman.net KEYWON CHUNG keywonc@gmail.com ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋„ค๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1
  • 2. OUR BACKGROUND Academic Research Iterative Product Development Human-Centered Design Agile & Lean Startup Michael Keywon UC Microsoft Startup MIT IDEO Microsoft Berkeley Research Media Lab Office ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‘์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋””์ž์ธ, ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ณตํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌ, ์•„ํŠธ, ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์™€ ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, We have very different backgrounds in design, academic and corporate ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฒค์ฒ˜ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์Šคํƒ€ํŠธ์—…์„ ๋น„๋กฏ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์Œ“์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. research, interactive media, and venture-backed startups. ๋ช‡๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ•˜๋‹ค ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋™์—…์ž๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ ค ํ•˜๋‹ˆ, ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ After working separately for years, we're starting a new project together ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์ฐธ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•ด๋ณธ ์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์†Œ๊ฐœ and one of the most difficult parts has been figuring out how to work ํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žฅ๋‹จ์ ์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•ด๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. together most effectively. 2
  • 3. SILICON VALLEY BERKELEY SAN FRANCISCO US Innovation Hub #1 in Venture Investments ($5.9B 2010) #1 in Patents (10K+ Patents Registered 2009) Massive regional GDP ($150B 2010) PALO ALTO Mature MOUNTAIN VIEW STANFORD 40+ years since HP, Fairchild in 1950โ€™s ์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ”์—์„œ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์„ธ๊นŒ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ž‡๋Š” ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜๋ฐธ๋ฆฌ ์ง€์—ญ์€ 1960๋…„๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ์ œํ’ˆ, ์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. SAN JOSE 3
  • 5. SILICON VALLEY: PROCESS Also produces: Tools Techniques Methodology How to Build It What to Build ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ๋ฐธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ž์ฒด ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ๊ณผ ๋‹ด๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ๋„์™€ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 5
  • 6. BY โ€˜PROJECT MANAGEMENTโ€™ WE MEAN: ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ด€๋ฆฌ = ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ, ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• Ways to develop products, services, and technologies that change the world. ์ฆ‰ ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์ด๋ผ ํ•จ์€, ์„ธ์ƒ์— ํฌ ๊ณ ์ž‘์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ, ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 6
  • 7. PROJECT MANAGEMENT ํŠน์ • ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์ /์ธ์  ์ž์›์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ... ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, Wikipedia: โ€œplanning, organizing, securing, and managing resources to achieve specific goalsโ€ This is the wrong way to think about it. 7 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_management
  • 8. PROJECT MANAGEMENT ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์˜ ์ด์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. From A desire you have: A problem to solve, an idea to realize To Widely used and accepted solution This is a better way to think about it. 8
  • 9. WHY METHODOLOGY? ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ๋ฐ”๋น  ์ฃฝ๊ฒ ๋Š”๋ฐ ์›ฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ? ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ๋‹ฆ๋Š”๋ฒ• 1 ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ๋‹ฆ๋Š”๋ฒ• 2 Why should we talk about different ways of doing things? 9 ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ๋‹ฆ๋Š”๋ฒ• 3
  • 10. PERSONAL DESIRES DRIVE CHANGE AND INNOVATION. We want to turn the desires into reality. ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋ง๊ณผ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ํ˜ Peter Jackson is touted as the mastermind, a ์‹ ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. visionary who turned the โ€œunfilmmableโ€ LOTR trilogy into Oscar-winning films. Peter Jackson 10
  • 11. TO CREATE A NEW REALITY, WE WORK IN A GROUP. Even โ€œgeniusesโ€ donโ€™t work alone. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์š•๋ง์„ ํ˜„์‹ค์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด To turn the desires into reality, we work with ์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜ผ์ž others. ๋ชจ๋“ ์ผ์„ ๋‹ค ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด์œ ์ด์ฃ . Peter Jackson did not work alone. In fact, he ํ”ผํ„ฐ์žญ์Šจ์ด ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฐ๋…์ด์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜ผ์ž ๋ฐ˜์ง€์ œ์™•์„ ๋งŒ created and executed a vision with thousands ๋“ค์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์€๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์›จํƒ€ ์›Œํฌ์ƒต, ๋”” of people. Steve Jobs, and Edison are all ์ง€ํ„ธ, ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋“ค, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋“ค, ๋‹จ์—ญ๋“ค, ๋ฌด๋ ค ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋ช…์˜ ํž˜ master teamworkers in disguise. ์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ์„œ ๊ทธ ๋น„์ „์ด ์™„์„ฑ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ . Weta Workshop (2000) Peter Jackson 11
  • 12. BUT THE REAL REASON WE WORK IN A GROUP IS... We want to create something valuable to others. VALUE ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง„์งœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š”, ๋‚˜ ํ•œ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋งŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. But the real reason is because you donโ€™t just want to create something that only you need RISK and understand. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ฐ€์น˜์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„œ๋Š” ๋‚˜ํ˜ผ์ž ์ผํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ( )์˜ In order to create something valued by others, ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ณ , ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” you need to employ multiple talents and ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฐˆ๋ง์„ ๊ฐ€ perspectives ( ) to lower risks and increase ์ง„ ๊ฐœ์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ . the proposed value. IDEO Crit 12
  • 13. THATโ€™S WHY WE NEED... Point of View ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์„ ์•Œ๊ธฐ + ๋‚จ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ Methodology ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ž๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ + ๋‚จ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ Communication Experimentation ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ + ์„ค๋“ํ•˜๊ธฐ + ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ + ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๊ธฐ + ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๊ธฐ + ์ง„๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ด ์ „์ œ์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”. If you disagree with this premise, please leave the room now. 13
  • 14. FOUR APPROACHES ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•  ๋„ค๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Waterfall Iterative Agile Lean Skyscraper Playground Lego House Flower Arrangement ์ „์ฒด์  ์„ค๊ณ„ ํ›„ ์ผ๊ด„์ ์œผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฒˆ์˜ ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ดํ•‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ๊ฐ์กฐ๊ฐ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งŒ๋“  ํ›„ ๋กœ ์ง“๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ์ •ํ•œํ›„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ ์ง„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฑ„์›Œ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ธฐ 14
  • 15. WATERFALL ์ „์ฒด์  ์„ค๊ณ„ ํ›„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์— ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ You should design before you build it all at once. 15
  • 16. WATERFALL PROCESS ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์— ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ Requirements What to build Design Implementation Verification How to build it Maintenance 16
  • 17. WATERFALL PRODUCTS ํฌ๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ œ์ž‘, ์ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ž์›์„ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์—ด IBM 360 (1964) SAGE aircraft monitoring system (1983) The Mythical Man-Month (1975) Matrix Organizations 17
  • 18. REQUIREMENTS ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์ „์ฒด๊ตฌ์กฐ, ์œ ์ง€ ๋ฐ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐ ์ •๋ฆฌ Brainstorming Specification Document http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_testing
  • 19. DESIGN ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ๊ตฌ์„ฑ, ์ฃผ์š”๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์™€ ์ „ํ›„๊ณผ์ •, ์ฝ”๋“œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™” Sketches & Wireframes Usage Flows Architectural Design http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_testing
  • 20. IMPLEMENTATION ์ฝ”๋“œ์™€ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ๋ฐ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ์ œ์ž‘, ์ค‘์•™์„œ๋ฒ„์— ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ Coding, creating UI and content assets, add new assets to tracking system
  • 21. IMPLEMENTATION ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ค์ •, ์ฃผ์š” ์ด์ •ํ‘œ, ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„ ์„ ์ • Gantt Chart Scheduling, Milestones, Priority, Triage
  • 22. VERIFICATION ์ž‘์€ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋‹จ์œ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ „์ฒด์  ํ๋ฆ„๊นŒ์ง€, ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ฑ, ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์„ ์‹œํ—˜ Unit / Regression Test Functional Test User Test Performance Test Load Test Alpha / Beta
  • 23. MAINTENANCE ๋ฒ„๊ทธ ์ˆ˜์ง‘, ์ˆ˜์ •, ์ˆ˜์ •๋ณธ ๋ฐ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ ๋ฐฐํฌ Bug Tracking Deployment
  • 25. WHATโ€™S WRONG WITH THIS APPROACH? 25
  • 26. UNUSABLE PRODUCTS ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž์˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์™€ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์ด ๊ณ ์ƒ์ด์ฃ . โ€œDespite appearances, business executives are simply not the ones in control of the high- tech industry. They have inadvertently put programmers and engineers in charge, leading to products and processes that waste huge amounts of money, squander customer โ€œDeep down inside every software developer, there's a budding graphic designer waiting to get out. And if loyalty, and erode competitive advantage. you let that happen, you're in trouble. Or at least your users will be, anywayโ€ They have let the inmates run the asylum.โ€ 26
  • 27. CANNOT MANAGE RISKS ์ง„ํ–‰์ค‘์—” ์ƒํ™ฉ ํŒŒ์•…์ด ํž˜๋“ค๊ณ , ๋ง‰ํŒ์— ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ชจ์ž๋ฅด๊ณ , ๋„์ค‘์— ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Not realistic to do a full design up front Hard to adjust your design mid-stream Hard to estimate your schedule, slippage Hard to wrap up at the end 27
  • 28. ITERATIVE ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์— ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ You should design user-centered before you build it all at once. 28
  • 29. ITERATIVE PROCESS ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋””์ž์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์— ํˆฌ์ž ํ›„ ํญํฌ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ Requirements What to build Design Implementation Verification How to build it Maintenance 29
  • 30. ITERATIVE PRODUCTS ๋ฐ•์Šคํ˜• ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ๋ฐ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ๋“ค 1983 1993 Microsoft Windows, Office Adobe Photoshop Norton Antivirus Nintendo Wii 1996
  • 31. Cooper personas REQUIREMENTS ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ํ•„์š”์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์ด ์šฐ์„ ์‹œ๋จ User Research Modeling, Personas Observation & interview Cultural model POEMS user research
  • 32. DESIGN ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ๋””์ž์ธ, ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ดํ•‘, ํ‰๊ฐ€, ๋ณด๊ณ , ์ˆ˜์ •์ž‘์—…์„ ๊ฑฐ์นจ Prototypes, mockups Expert and user feedback
  • 33. ITERATIVE DESIGN EXERCISE What information do you need to design Kickstarter? 33
  • 34. WHATโ€™S WRONG WITH THIS APPROACH? 34
  • 35. BROKEN! ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์• ๋กœ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ์—ฌ์ „: ๋ณต์žกํ•จ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์€ ๋ถ€์กฑ Requirements What to build Design Implementation Verification How to build it Maintenance 35
  • 36. STILL, CANNOT MANAGE RISKS ์‹ค์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐ›์„๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ๋Š” 5-6๋…„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Not realistic to do a full design up front Hard to adjust your design mid-stream Hard to estimate your schedule, slippage Hard to wrap up at the end Takes too long before real-world validation. 36
  • 37. NEW ERA: INTERNET! ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์œผ๋‹ˆ... 37
  • 38. CONTINUAL ITERATION ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋์—†์ด ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ๋Œ€ ๋„๋ž˜! 1999 2011 38
  • 39. NEVER-ENDING CYCLE ์ด์ „์—๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์ถœ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด์ œ๋Š” ์ถœ์‹œ ํ›„์— ๋„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์„  Requirements ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. What to build Now you are not done after shipping the product. You can release new Design version of your product as many times a day or a week as you like. No one waits for another 5 years for a new version anymore. Implementation Verification How to build it Maintenance 39
  • 40. AGILE ์กฐ๊ฐ์กฐ๊ฐ ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ฉ์ฒดํ•˜๊ธฐ You can design while you build it incrementally. 40
  • 41. AGILE DEVELOPMENT, e.g. โ€œSCRUMโ€ How can we make development more โ€œrealโ€? โ€œFictionโ€ โ€œRealityโ€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํญํฌ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์—์„œ๋Š” 80ํ”„๋กœ ์ด ์ƒ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •๋™์•ˆ ์‹ค์ œ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์œค๊ณฝ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง‰ํŒ์— ๊ฐ€์„œ์•ผ Build (๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ค‘์ธ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์ž„์‹œ๋ฒ„์ „๋“ค) ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ž‘๋™์ด ์•ˆ๋˜๊ณ  ๋ฒ„๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ์ž๋ฅธ ์ปจํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€์„œ์•ผ ๋น„์ƒ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ค์„œ ์ฑ„์›Œ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์• ์ž์ผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ์ • ์ „์ฒด์— ๊ฑธ ์ณ์„œ ๊ทธ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์•Œ ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 41
  • 42. SHORTEN CYCLE TIME Confront reality more often Break development into chunks Finish chunks completely Donโ€™t need to release, but you can Fiction Reality ... 1-4 weeks Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping software software software software ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์— ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ๋ช‡์ฃผ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์ œํ’ˆ์ด ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ  ํŠน์ • ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถœ์‹œ/ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ๊ฐ€, ์‹œํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜„์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์ • ์ €์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช‡์ฃผ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์„  ํ™•ํžˆ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 42 ๋œ ์™„์ œํ’ˆ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • 43. SCRUM STANDING MEETING For 15 minutes every 24 hours: What I did yesterday What am I going to do today Whatโ€™s blocking me ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ํ•œ๋ฒˆ, 15๋ถ„๋™์•ˆ ํŒ€์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ์„œ ์ด ์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด๋„ ํฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 43
  • 47. BURNDOWN 47
  • 48. SCRUM EXERCISE Break up Kickstarter into iterations 48
  • 49. WHATโ€™S WRONG WITH THIS APPROACH? 49
  • 50. WHAT TO BUILD AND WHY? How does iterative design fit with this? Is our product actually desirable? Is our product actually usable? Are we meeting our business goals? 50
  • 51. LEAN ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋จผ์ € ์„ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฑ„์›Œ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ธฐ You should design and measure while you build it incrementally. 51
  • 52. LEAN PROCESS ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์ด์šฉ๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ Requirements What to build Design Implementation Verification How to build it Measurement 52
  • 53. HOW DO YOU MANAGE PERFORMANCE? ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ• ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์–ด์š”! You canโ€™t manage what you donโ€™t measure. 53
  • 54. LEAN PHILOSOPHY Learning is a product Test every assumption Measure on real users MEASURE! MEASURE! MEASURE! MEASURE! ... 1 week Release Release Release Release software software software software 54
  • 55. LEAN PHILOSOPHY Learn as quickly as possible Build only what you need Iterate early and often Build Learn Measure
  • 56. EVERY INTERACTION IS A FUNNEL ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธํ„ฐ๋ž™์…˜์„ ๊น”๋•Œ๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. You can lead users to behave a certain way by redesigning and optimizing funnels. Arrive at Service Sign up with the Service Create Profile 56
  • 57. WHAT TO MEASURE 4 h"p://500hats.typepad.com/2
  • 58. HOW TO MEASURE Concept Features Optimization Conversations Frequent releases A/B split testing Sketches High-level metrics Prototypes 58
  • 60. WHATโ€™S WRONG WITH THIS APPROACH? 60
  • 61. WHATโ€™S WRONG WITH THIS APPROACH? Experiments can be heavyweight Doesnโ€™t help us synthesize Can stifle creativity, lead to local optimization Metrics only offer one type of insight 61
  • 62. FOUR APPROACHES ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•œ ๋„ค๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Waterfall Iterative Agile Lean Skyscraper Playground Lego House Flower Arrangement ์ „์ฒด์  ์„ค๊ณ„ ํ›„ ์ผ๊ด„์ ์œผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฒˆ์˜ ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ดํ•‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ๊ฐ์กฐ๊ฐ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งŒ๋“  ํ›„ ๋กœ ์ง“๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ์ •ํ•œํ›„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ ์ง„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฑ„์›Œ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ธฐ You should You should You can You should design design user- design design & before you centered while you measure build it before you build it while you all at once. build it incrementally. build it all at once. incrementally.
  • 63. PROJECT MANAGEMENT IS IMPORTANT. Using the right approach leads to: ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ž˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ํฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Creativity / insight Structure / constraints Experimentation Speed / predictability But no approach is perfect, so: ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž์‹ ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Mix it up and experiment to find your own flavor. Iterate and iterate until successful. Measure and understand user behaviors, and influence them with every redesign. 63
  • 64. BUT MORE IMPORTANT IS... What youโ€™re building Love your product. Keep your raw skills sharp. 64
  • 65. BUT MORE IMPORTANT IS... Who youโ€™re building it for Know your users. Know your domain. 65
  • 66. BUT MORE IMPORTANT IS... Who youโ€™re building it with Bond with your team. Have a lot of fun together. 66
  • 67. Q&A THE END