This document provides an overview of hoofed mammals or ungulates and their digestive systems. It defines key terms like ungulates and ruminants. It describes how ruminants have a four-chambered stomach that allows bacteria to break down fibrous foods. The four chambers - reticulum, rumen, omasum, and abomasum - each play a role in digestion. The document also briefly discusses horns and antlers, noting key differences, and lists some common North American and Virginia ungulates.

1. Hoofed Mammals Introduction and Terms