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1. CONSTIPATION
DEFINITION
The definition of constipation includes the following:
• infrequent bowel movements (typically three times or fewer
per week)
• difficulty during defecation (straining during more than 25%
of bowel movements or a subjective sensation of hard stools),
or
• The sensation of incomplete bowel evacuation.
CAUSES
Primary
Primary or functional constipation is ongoing symptoms for greater
than six months not due to any underlying cause such as
medication side effects or an underlying medical condition. It is
not associated with abdominal pain thus distinguishing it from
irritable bowel syndrome. It is the most common cause of
constipation.
Diet
Constipation can be caused or exacerbated by a low fiber diet, low
liquid intake, or dieting.
Medication
Many medications have constipation as a side effect. Some
include: opioids (e.g. common codeine pain killers), diuretics,
antidepressants, antihistamines, antispasmodics, anticonvulsants,
and aluminum antacids

2. Metabolic & muscular
Metabolic and endocrine problems which may lead to constipation
include: hypercalcemia, hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, cystic
fibrosis, and celiac disease. Constipation is also common in
individuals with muscular and myotonic dystrophy.
Structural and functional abnormalities
Constipation has a number of structural (mechanical,
morphological, anatomical) causes, including: spinal cord lesions,
Parkinsons, colon cancer, anal fissures, proctitis, and pelvic floor
dysfunction.
Constipation also has functional (neurological) causes, including
anismus, descending perineum syndrome, and Hirschsprung's
disease. In infants, Hirschsprung's disease is the most common
medical disorder associated with constipation. Anismus occurs in a
small minority of persons with chronic constipation or obstructed
defecation.
Psychological
Voluntary withholding of the stool is a common cause of
constipation.
The choice to withhold can be due to factors such as fear of pain,
fear of public restrooms, or laziness.
Document Source: http://www.mindheal.org
Mindheal Homeopathy is a leading homeopathic treatment
center in Mumbai, India.