From Regional Roadway to Main-Street in Sachnin

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www.miu.org.il A presentation by Dr. Yodan Rofe at the 2010 Sachnin Conference הפיכתו של כביש 805 לרחוב הראשי של סח'נין

Unterhaltung & Humor

‫הפיכתו של כביש 508‬
‫לרחוב הראשי של סח'נין‬

‫לא מעורר גאווה‬ ‫מגוון‬ ‫פעילות עסקית‬ ‫לא כיף‬
‫לא מזמין‬ ‫יוצר שכנות‬ ‫אותנטי‬ ‫אין חגיגיות‬
‫אינטראקטיבי‬ ‫שימושי‬ ‫לא מקיים‬
‫עיניים ברחוב‬ ‫מקומי‬
‫מקומות מקיימים‬

‫חברתיות‬ ‫שימושים ופעילויות‬
‫מקום‬
‫נגישות וקשרים‬ ‫נוחיות ודימוי‬

‫חסרה רציפות‬ ‫נגיש‬ ‫בטחון אישי‬ ‫אין בטיחות‬
‫חסרה קישוריות‬ ‫נוח‬ ‫מושך‬ ‫לא נקי‬
‫פנימית‬ ‫קרבה בין‬ ‫ירוק בחלקו‬ ‫לא ירוק‬
‫נגישות ברגל‬ ‫שימושים‬ ‫לא הליך בחלקו משמעות היסטורית‬
‫ותח"צ‬ ‫קישוריות אזורית‬ ‫נקיון סביר‬ ‫לא מזמין‬

‫שימור הרחוב כרחוב עם שימושים מגוונים: מגורים,‬
‫תעסוקה ומסחר‬
‫שיפור הרחוב כמקום כיפי – יתרום לתהליך יציאת עסקים‬
‫מפריעים‬
‫הרחבת המרחב הציבורי להולכי רגל על חשבון חלק‬
‫מהחניה‬
‫הוספת מקומות ישיבה, עצים וריהוט רחוב‬
‫הגדלת אפשרויות החצייה )בין 021-07 מ'(‬
‫הגדלת הקישוריות לתוך העיר משני צידי הרחוב‬
‫שירות אמין בתחבורה ציבורית אזורית ופנים יישובית‬

‫השדרה המרכזית‬

‫רחוב שדרה‬

‫השדרה הרב-מסלולית‬

From Regional Roadway to Main-Street in Sachnin

From Regional Roadway to Main-Street in Sachnin

From Regional Roadway to Main-Street in Sachnin

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Presented to the Israeli Mayors Institute on City Renewal Sep 2011 Abstract: After more than 50 years of massive investment in Local Economic Development (LED) worldwide, what has been learned regarding what works and what does not? If in the past economic development was focused on employment generation, today the accepted definitions of LED are much more intricate – they define the purpose of LED as achieving “quality of life for all” and the process as a collective effort of “public, business and non-governmental sector partners“. This sober view has developed over decades of huge but mostly fruitless investments in LED worldwide, in three waves, that where kicked off by the success of the Marshal Plan. Have the lessons of the past been learned or do we keep investing in approaches that have failed in the past? Unfortunately not, we still see; Top down efforts by central government to lead LED programs, instead of a participatory approach, including all stakeholders and sectors, led by local government. A focus on outside big business transplant, instead of support of innovation, entrepreneurship and policies focused on the success of local businesses. Attempts to jumpstart and support LED over entire regions, instead of focusing on cities as the true engines of economic growth. Why have the leading LED practitioners worldwide focused on cities and urban economic development over the last decade? Urbanization matters - economic growth and urbanization are bi-directionally causally connected - “no country in the industrial age has ever achieved significant economic growth without urbanization.”. 1.2 billion people living in the 40 mega-metro regions worldwide produce around 70% of world output and 85% of all innovations. 5 billion people living in 191 countries produce the rest. A resident of a mega-metro is 8 times as productive in goods, and 24 times as productive in innovations. Cities are engines of economic growth, they manufacture wealth. Why is this so? Cities have natural economic advantages that include internal scale economies and external agglomeration economies. But poor city design can undermine these advantages and create barriers to economic development, whereas good city design can enhance these advantages. How can we leverage the natural economic advantages of cities with good city design? Compact mixed-use development that focuses on pedestrian and public transport access is key. How does the urban economy develop? How can we jumpstart economic development, when it is missing, in Israeli cities? Viewing economic development in the context of a network of interrelated towns and cities clarifies that different types of towns and cities, within the network, require different approaches to LED. Great cities that generate more wealth than they consume require one approach for continued development. Towns and cities within the region of a great city require a second approach. Towns that are outside the region of a

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The Movement for Israeli Urbanism Improving affordable access to opportunities by - Creating sustainable and humane cities and communities in Israel We, the members of the Movement for Israeli Urbanism, strive to improve the quality of urban life in Israel and actively promote the development of a sustainable and humane urban environment in Israel. We founded MIU in order to transform the quality of urban life in Israel by applying: People-oriented planning that prevents deterioration and atrophy of cities Sustainable local development that enhances opportunities Democratic urban planning processes

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Movement for Israeli Urbanism ten principles for good urbanism by Irit Solzi www.miu.org.il עשרה כללים לעירוניות טובה של מרחב לראש העיר יש תפקיד משמעותי בעיצוב התפתחותה, עתידה ויכולתה של העיר לשרת ביעילות את מטרותיהם של תושביה. המכון לראשי ערים מציע למשתתפי הסדנא עשרה כללים בסיסיים לתכנון עירוני אשר ימקמו את העיר שלהם כמקום אשר טוב לחיות, לשהות ולבלות בו. .1 רחובות לאנשים אנשים נמשכים אל העיר בשל יכולתה לשמש מאגר גדול לקשרים עם אנשים אחרים. קשרים אלה מהווים הזדמנויות – חברתיות, עסקיות ותרבותיות. קשרים נוצרים בעיקר במרחב הציבורי והרחוב הוא המרכיב היסודי של מרחב זה. זאת משום שבעיר טובה הרחוב משמש למעבר מקרי של בני אדם. הנמצא ברחוב יראה אנשים סביבו ולא יידע עליהם דבר. .2 שימושים מעורבים מבטיחים נוכחות של אנשים שונים, בזמנים שונים, למטרות שונות ברחובות העיר. נוכחותם של אנשים רבים ושונים ברחוב ברוב שעות היממה מגבירה את הבטחון האישי. שימושים מעורבים מאפשרים הקטנת כמות הנסיעות וצמצום התלות ברכב. לכן, יש להימנע מלחלק את העיר לאזורים בעלי מאפיינים אחידים כגון: אזור תעשיה או קריית חינוך. .3 עירוב אוכלוסיות הגיוון האנושי הוא חלק מעוצמתה של העיר. כל מתחם בעיר יתוכנן כך שיתאים לכולם - דיור מגוון מאוד באופני בינוי, באדריכלות ובגודל הדירות הינו הכרחי למשיכת אוכלוסיה מגוונת. דיור בר-השגה צריך להיות חלק אינטגרלי מכל אזור בעיר. מתחמים לאוכלוסיות הומוגניות לא מאפשרים את מגוון ההזדמנויות ההכרחי לקיומה של עיר טובה. מתחמים הומוגניים המוקמים ביחד מזדקנים ומתנוונים בבת אחת. .4 נגישות מירבית רשת רציפה וצפופה של רחובות כאשר המרחק הממוצע בין צמתים הוא בין 60-150 מ' מאפשרת נגישות נוחה ומגוון של אפשרויות תנועה מנקודה לנקודה ויוצרת חשיפה גדולה יותר של רחובות, עסקים והזדמנויות לאנשים. רשת כזאת מקטינה את הגודש ברחובות הראשיים, תורמת לבטיחות בדרכים. בשום מקרה אל תתכנן רשת רחובות הירארכית ומרחקים גדולים בין צמתים. .5 צפיפות ושימוש יעיל בקרקע צפיפות עירונית )מספר התושבים של העיר לחלק לשטחה( היא מרכיב הכרחי של עירוניות טובה. מתחת לצפיפות מינימאלית לא יכולה להתקיים עיר. יש להימנע מהפיתוי של הרחבת העיר כדי לתת מענה לביקושים למגורים ותעסוקה ולמצוא דרכים לנצל קרקע קיימת שאיננה בשימוש יעיל בתוך העיר. צפיפות ציבורית )מספר התושבים לחלק לסה"כ השטח הציבורי( משפיעה אף יותר על איכות המרחב הציבורי. יש לתכנן את מימדיו של כל מרחב ציבורי )רחוב או פארק( בהתאם למספר האנשים העשויים לעבור בו במקרה. .6 מגוון אפשרויות של תחבורה נגישות לשירותים ותעסוקה היא מר

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From Regional Roadway to Main-Street in Sachnin

1. ‫הפיכתו של כביש 508‬ ‫לרחוב הראשי של סח'נין‬

2. ‫לא מעורר גאווה‬ ‫מגוון‬ ‫פעילות עסקית‬ ‫לא כיף‬ ‫לא מזמין‬ ‫יוצר שכנות‬ ‫אותנטי‬ ‫אין חגיגיות‬ ‫אינטראקטיבי‬ ‫שימושי‬ ‫לא מקיים‬ ‫עיניים ברחוב‬ ‫מקומי‬ ‫מקומות מקיימים‬ ‫חברתיות‬ ‫שימושים ופעילויות‬ ‫מקום‬ ‫נגישות וקשרים‬ ‫נוחיות ודימוי‬ ‫חסרה רציפות‬ ‫נגיש‬ ‫בטחון אישי‬ ‫אין בטיחות‬ ‫חסרה קישוריות‬ ‫נוח‬ ‫מושך‬ ‫לא נקי‬ ‫פנימית‬ ‫קרבה בין‬ ‫ירוק בחלקו‬ ‫לא ירוק‬ ‫נגישות ברגל‬ ‫שימושים‬ ‫לא הליך בחלקו משמעות היסטורית‬ ‫ותח"צ‬ ‫קישוריות אזורית‬ ‫נקיון סביר‬ ‫לא מזמין‬

3. ‫שימור הרחוב כרחוב עם שימושים מגוונים: מגורים,‬ ‫תעסוקה ומסחר‬ ‫שיפור הרחוב כמקום כיפי – יתרום לתהליך יציאת עסקים‬ ‫מפריעים‬ ‫הרחבת המרחב הציבורי להולכי רגל על חשבון חלק‬ ‫מהחניה‬ ‫הוספת מקומות ישיבה, עצים וריהוט רחוב‬ ‫הגדלת אפשרויות החצייה )בין 021-07 מ'(‬ ‫הגדלת הקישוריות לתוך העיר משני צידי הרחוב‬ ‫שירות אמין בתחבורה ציבורית אזורית ופנים יישובית‬

4. ‫השדרה המרכזית‬ ‫רחוב שדרה‬ ‫השדרה הרב-מסלולית‬