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Framing Question What accommodations should electronic encyclopedias include in order to ensure the success of information retrieval for upper elementary school students?
Review of the Literature ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Problem ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Content Analysis Design ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Foundations:  Cognitive, Mechanical and Affective Considerations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Developmental Accommodations for Reading Comprehension  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Affective Behavior Considerations  ,[object Object],[object Object]
Information Retrieval by Keyword Searching ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Information Retrieval by Browsing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Relevance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Multimedia Considerations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Differences in Encyclopedias ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Research Suggests… ,[object Object],[object Object],Readability Reading ease Hyperlink abstraction Vocabulary requirements in keyword searching Vocabulary use in hyperlink relevance Text to speech capacity Link density Affective behavior considerations Appropriately titled browsing categories Hyperlink and web resource availability Suggested spelling features Textual relevance Ability to retrace steps and organize articles Graphical relevance and accessibility Natural language interface Accommodations for student errors in keywords searches such as: plural words misspellings name order errors
Encyclopedias Tested ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Overall Results ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Results – By User Need Summary of the Frequency of Five Encyclopedias’ Ability to Address Young Users’ Needs 5 0 0 Reading Ease - Word 5 0 0 Readability - Dale Chall 4 1 0 Spelling 2 3 0 Readability - Spache 0 4 1 Browsing Vocabulary Addresses Domain Knowledge Level 0 4 1 Article Outline Vocabulary 1 2 2 Keyword Vocabulary 1 1 3 Natural Language 0 2 3 Textual Relevance 0 2 3 Plural Words 0 0 5 Name Order Not Addressed Somewhat Addressed Successfully Addressed Factors
Results – By User Need Summary of the Frequency of Five Encyclopedias’ Ability to Address Young Users’ Needs 5 0 Web Links Embedded 3 2 Affective Behavior Considerations 3 2 Text to Speech 2 3 Organize articles 2 3 Interesting Graphics Embedded 2 3 Offers Suggested Spellings 2 3 Link Density 1 4 Web Links Available 1 4 Hyperlinks to other articles 0 5 Access to Graphics 0 5 Retrace Steps 0 5 Interesting Graphics Available 0 5 Hyperlink abstraction Not Addressed Addressed Factor
Electronic Encyclopedias  for Upper Elementary Students Results – By Encyclopedia
Primary Young User Needs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Electronic Encyclopedias  for Upper Elementary Students Results – By Encyclopedia
Encyclopedias –  Interesting Notes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Encyclopedias –  Interesting Notes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Limitations ,[object Object],[object Object]
Impact, Direction, Advocacy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Best Practices for our Classrooms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Best Practices for our Classrooms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Electronic Encyclopedias  for Upper Elementary Students
Electronic Encyclopedias  for Upper Elementary Students

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Electronic Encyclopedias for Upper Elementary School Users

  • 1. Framing Question What accommodations should electronic encyclopedias include in order to ensure the success of information retrieval for upper elementary school students?
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14. Results – By User Need Summary of the Frequency of Five Encyclopedias’ Ability to Address Young Users’ Needs 5 0 0 Reading Ease - Word 5 0 0 Readability - Dale Chall 4 1 0 Spelling 2 3 0 Readability - Spache 0 4 1 Browsing Vocabulary Addresses Domain Knowledge Level 0 4 1 Article Outline Vocabulary 1 2 2 Keyword Vocabulary 1 1 3 Natural Language 0 2 3 Textual Relevance 0 2 3 Plural Words 0 0 5 Name Order Not Addressed Somewhat Addressed Successfully Addressed Factors
  • 15. Results – By User Need Summary of the Frequency of Five Encyclopedias’ Ability to Address Young Users’ Needs 5 0 Web Links Embedded 3 2 Affective Behavior Considerations 3 2 Text to Speech 2 3 Organize articles 2 3 Interesting Graphics Embedded 2 3 Offers Suggested Spellings 2 3 Link Density 1 4 Web Links Available 1 4 Hyperlinks to other articles 0 5 Access to Graphics 0 5 Retrace Steps 0 5 Interesting Graphics Available 0 5 Hyperlink abstraction Not Addressed Addressed Factor
  • 16. Electronic Encyclopedias for Upper Elementary Students Results – By Encyclopedia
  • 17.
  • 18. Electronic Encyclopedias for Upper Elementary Students Results – By Encyclopedia
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25. Electronic Encyclopedias for Upper Elementary Students
  • 26. Electronic Encyclopedias for Upper Elementary Students

Editor's Notes

  1. This study will examine Electronic Encyclopedias thru the eyes of Upper Elementary Student users. Many schools and homes are turning to electronic versions of resource materials like dictionaries and encyclopedia for use by their entire population, however much of the software on the market may not take into consideration the needs and abilities of younger students. This study hopes to isolate reference software that is both appropriate for students in Grades 3 thru 5 AND maximizes their information retrieval potential.