1. 1 A PowerPoint™ Slide Presentation for Abnormal Psychology Ninth Edition 9/e Lauren B. Alloy, Ph.D. John H. Riskind, Ph.D. Margaret B. Manos Developed by Joseph A. Davis, Ph.D. McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2005. This McGraw-Hill multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission over any network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

2. 2 Chapter 17 Mental Retardation and Autism

3. 3 Chapter Main Points Mental Retardation Autism Society and People with Developmental Disorders Prevention and Therapy

4. 4 Mental Retardation Criteria for Mental Retardation: Significantly sub-average general intellectual functioning Significant limitations in adaptive functioning Onset before 18 years of age

5. 5 Levels of Mental Retardation Mild Retardation: IQ of 50-55 to 70 Moderate Retardation: IQ of 35-40 to 50-55 Severe Retardation: IQ of 20-25 to 35-40 Profound Retardation: IQ of 20-25 and below

6. 6 Genetic Factors Fragile X Syndrome: The X chromosome shows a weak spot, where it appears to be bent or broken

7. 7 Genetic Factors Down Syndrome: Trisomy 21 - an extra chromosome in pair 21 Amniocentesis: A clinical procedure that involves extracting and analyzing a portion of the amniotic fluid in which the fetus is growing

8. 8 Genetic Factors Metabolic Disturbances: Phenylketonuria (PKU): Inability to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine Tay-sachs disease: A defect of lipid metabolism due to the absence of the enzyme hexosominidase

9. 9 Environmental Factors Prenatal Environment: Drugs and other Teratogens: Exposure to damaging chemicals Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) Malnutrition: Severe lack of one or more biological building blocks

10. 10 Environmental Factors Postnatal Environment: Toxins Physical trauma The effects of deprivation Teenage mothers Institutionalization

11. 11 Mental Retardation in Adults Down Syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease Mental Retardation and Other Mental Disorders

12. 12 Autism Early Infantile Autism: The inability to relate to anyone outside of oneself

13. 13 Symptoms of Autism Social Isolation Mental retardation Language Deficits Echolalia Stereotyped behavior

14. 14 Theories of Autism The Biological Perspective: Genetic research Chromosome studies Biochemical studies Congenital disorders and birth complications Neurological research

15. 15 Theories of Autism

16. 16 Theories of Autism The Cognitive Perspective: Executive function Categorization and memory Social understanding Theory of the mind

17. 17 Society and People with Developmental Disabilities Public Policy: Free and appropriate education individualization Timely progress reviews Community integration Human rights

18. 18 Society and People with Developmental Disabilities Community integration Quality of life Support for the family Employment

19. 19 Prevention and Therapy Primary Prevention: Genetic analysis and counseling Secondary Prevention: Early intervention often minimizes severity

20. 20 Prevention and Therapy Behavior Therapy: Self-help and adaptive skills Language and communication skills Leisure and community skills Replacement of maladaptive behaviors

21. 21 Prevention and Therapy Cognitive Therapy: Self-instructional training Correspondence training Self-management and self-monitoring Self-control Problem solving

22. 22 Prevention and Therapy Pharmacological Therapy: Drug Therapies: Psychotropic drugs - manage disruptive or aggressive behavior Anticonvulsive drugs - control seizures

23. 23 Prevention and Therapy Psychotherapy: Supportive psychotherapy Group psychotherapy Family therapy Client-centered therapy

24. 24 Recapping the Main Points Mental Retardation Autism Society and People Developmental Disorders Prevention and Therapy

25. 25 End of Chapter 17 Mental Retardation and Autism