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make_inferences
1.
Learning Objective
Name___________________________ We will draw1 inferences about text. 1 form CFU What are we going to do? What does draw mean? Draw means___________. Activate (or provide) Prior Knowledge “The principal would like to see Roberto in the office…” CFU Students, if I were to tell you that the principal wants to see Roberto in the office, why would you think the principal is asking to see him? (Pair-Share) You have some reasons based on what you already know about being called to the principal’s office. What you already know is called prior knowledge. Now, we will use textual evidence and prior knowledge to draw inferences. DataWORKS Educational Research 5th Grade Reading Comprehension 2.4 (5Q) (800) 495-1550 • www.dataworks-ed.com Draw inferences, conclusions, or generalizations about text ©2012 All rights reserved. and support them with textual evidence and prior knowledge. Comments? feedback@dataworks-ed.com Lesson to be used by EDI-trained teachers only.
2.
Concept Development An inference
is something that you think is true based on information EDI Strategy that you have. To draw an • An inference is not directly written in the text. inference we use: + • To draw an inference, we use textual evidence2, and our prior knowledge3. 2 clues (synonym) 3 (prior knowledge) what you already know from the past textual evidence + prior knowledge 1. Tim and Bobby were hot and sweaty as they sat outside the principal’s office. 2. Dirt was smeared4 on both of their faces, and they could hear their teacher’s voice as she told the principal what happened on the playground. 3. Tim sneered5 at Bobby, and Bobby returned the angry glare6. 4 wiped (synonym) 5 made an angry face 6 look (synonym) 49 words What can you infer that Tim and Bobby were doing on the playground? Textual Evidence Prior Knowledge Inference • Tim and Bobby sat outside the principal’s • You go to the principal’s Tim and Bobby were fighting. office. office when you are in • Dirt was smeared on both of their faces. trouble. • Tim sneered at Bobby, and Bobby returned the angry glare. Not an example of inference: Dirt was smeared on both their faces. CFU Which statement below is textual evidence that supports the inference? Which is prior knowledge? Why? A Tim sneered at Bobby. B You will get sent to the office for fighting. textual evidence prior knowledge What is the difference between the example of an inference and the non-example of an inference? In your own words, what is an inference? An inference is ___________________________. DataWORKS Educational Research 5th Grade Reading Comprehension 2.4 (5Q) (800) 495-1550 • www.dataworks-ed.com Draw inferences, conclusions, or generalizations about text ©2012 All rights reserved. and support them with textual evidence and prior knowledge. Comments? feedback@dataworks-ed.com Lesson to be used by EDI-trained teachers only.
3.
Skill Development/Guided Practice An
inference is something that you think is true based on information that you have. • An inference is not directly written in the text. • To draw an inference, we use textual evidence and our prior knowledge. Draw inferences about text. Step #1: Read the question and identify7 the words that help you make an inference. (circle) Step #2: Identify the textual evidence that helps you draw the inference. (underline) Step #3: Explain8 the prior knowledge you have that helps you draw the inference. (write) Step #4: Draw an inference. 7 find (synonym) 8 tell 1. Alberto received his report card. 2. His heart was beating fast as he opened it. 3. A huge smile appeared on his face. 4. All the way home, he was whistling and grinning9. 5. When his mother got home, he said with excitement, “Mom, I got my report card today!” 9 smiling (synonym) 43 words What can you infer about the news Alberto has for his mother? My prior knowledge is: When I receive good grades on my report card, I’m happy. __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ My inference is: Alberto received good grades on his report card. __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ CFU (#1) How did I/you identify the important words in the question? (#2) How did I/you identify the textual evidence that helped you draw an inference? (#3) How did I/you explain the prior knowledge that helps you draw an inference? (#4) How did I/you draw an inference? DataWORKS Educational Research 5th Grade Reading Comprehension 2.4 (5Q) (800) 495-1550 • www.dataworks-ed.com Draw inferences, conclusions, or generalizations about text ©2012 All rights reserved. and support them with textual evidence and prior knowledge. Comments? feedback@dataworks-ed.com Lesson to be used by EDI-trained teachers only.
4.
Skill Development/Guided Practice
(continued) An inference is something that you think is true based on information that you have. • An inference is not directly written in the text. • To draw an inference, we use textual evidence and our prior knowledge. Draw inferences about text. Step #1: Read the question and identify the words that help you make an inference. (circle) Step #2: Identify the textual evidence that helps you draw the inference. (underline) Step #3: Explain the prior knowledge you have that helps you draw the inference. (write) Step #4: Draw an inference. 1. Jeff drove on the curvy road. 2. As he got higher, he started to see lots of pine trees. 3. There were even squirrels that would run across the road. 4. The air was clean and smelled good. 5. Finally, he arrived and got out his fishing pole. 48 words What can you infer about where Jeff is? My prior knowledge is: __________________________________________________________________________________________ When there are a lot of pine trees, animals, and clean fresh air I am in the mountains. __________________________________________________________________________________________ My inference is: __________________________________________________________________________________________ Jeff is in the mountains. __________________________________________________________________________________________ CFU (#1) How did I/you identify the important words in the question? (#2) How did I/you identify the textual evidence that helped you draw an inference? (#3) How did I/you explain the prior knowledge that helps you draw an inference? (#4) How did I/you draw an inference? DataWORKS Educational Research 5th Grade Reading Comprehension 2.4 (5Q) (800) 495-1550 • www.dataworks-ed.com Draw inferences, conclusions, or generalizations about text ©2012 All rights reserved. and support them with textual evidence and prior knowledge. Comments? feedback@dataworks-ed.com Lesson to be used by EDI-trained teachers only.
5.
Relevance An inference is
something that you think is true based on information that you have. ● An inference is not directly written in the text. ● To draw an inference, we use textual evidence and our prior knowledge. 1. Drawing inferences will help you to “read between the lines.” Authors don’t always tell us everything. We need to use textual evidence and prior knowledge to understand the story better. 1. Melissa came in through the back door, returning from her championship baseball game. 2. She walked past Mom with tears in her eyes. 3. Melissa went straight to her room. 35 words What can we infer about what happened to Melissa? textual evidence + prior knowledge = Melissa’s team lost the game. 2. Drawing inferences will help you become better writers. Sam hit the first pitch, and the ball took off. The crowd roared and cheered. 3. Drawing inferences will help you do well on tests. CFU Does anyone else have another reason why it is relevant to draw inferences about text? (Pair-Share) Why is it relevant to draw inferences about text? You may give me one of my reasons or one of your own. Which reason is the most relevant to you? Why? DataWORKS Educational Research 5th Grade Reading Comprehension 2.4 (5Q) (800) 495-1550 • www.dataworks-ed.com Draw inferences, conclusions, or generalizations about text ©2012 All rights reserved. and support them with textual evidence and prior knowledge. Comments? feedback@dataworks-ed.com Lesson to be used by EDI-trained teachers only.
6.
An inference is
something that you think is true based on information that you have. • An inference is not directly written in the text. • To draw an inference, we use textual evidence and our prior knowledge. Skill Closure Draw inferences about text. Step #1: Read the question and identify the words that help you make an inference. (circle) Step #2: Identify the textual evidence that helps you draw the inference. (underline) Step #3: Explain the prior knowledge you have that helps you draw the inference. (write) Step #4: Draw an inference. 1. The trees were budding and just starting to show some new leaves. 2. The air was warmer. 3. There seemed to be more animals around. 4. People opened their windows and let in the fresh air. 5. Some started their yearly ritual10 of cleaning the house. 6. It was a beautiful day for a picnic. 10 something that you do regularly and in the same way 49 words What can we infer about the season? My prior knowledge is: We had a picnic when the weather was warm. Trees bud from March to May. _______________________________________________________________________________________ My inference is: The season is spring. ________________________________________________________________________________________ Constructed Response Closure From the passage above, why is “The air was warmer.” not an example of an inference? Explain your answer. Summary Closure What did you learn today about drawing inferences? (Pair-Share) Day 1 ____________________________________________________________________________________ Day 2 ____________________________________________________________________________________ DataWORKS Educational Research 5th Grade Reading Comprehension 2.4 (5Q) (800) 495-1550 • www.dataworks-ed.com Draw inferences, conclusions, or generalizations about text ©2012 All rights reserved. and support them with textual evidence and prior knowledge. Comments? feedback@dataworks-ed.com Lesson to be used by EDI-trained teachers only.
7.
Independent Practice
Name___________________________ An inference is something that you think is true based on information that you have. • An inference is not directly written in the text. • To draw an inference, we use evidence from the text and our prior knowledge. Draw inferences about text. Step #1: Read the question and identify the words that help you make an inference. (circle) Step #2: Identify the textual evidence that helps you draw the inference. (underline) Step #3: Explain the prior knowledge you have that helps you draw the inference. (write) Step #4: Draw an inference. 1. Adam’s heart raced and his throat was dry. 2. Ms. Smith was calling on students to read their stories. 3. Right now, Tim, who sat in front of Adam, was reading his story. 4. Adam was shaky. 5. He knew he’d be next. 6. Just as Ms. Smith turned to Adam, the bell rang. 7. Adam smiled with relief. 8. “I don’t have to read my story! 9. At least, not until tomorrow.” 65 words What can you infer about how Adam feels about reading his story? My prior knowledge is: _________________________________________________________________________________________ I don’t like reading in front of the class. I get scared. _________________________________________________________________________________________ My inference is: _________________________________________________________________________________________ Adam is nervous about reading his story in front of the class. _________________________________________________________________________________________ DataWORKS Educational Research 5th Grade Reading Comprehension 2.4 (5Q) (800) 495-1550 • www.dataworks-ed.com Draw inferences, conclusions, or generalizations about text ©2012 All rights reserved. and support them with textual evidence and prior knowledge. Comments? feedback@dataworks-ed.com Lesson to be used by EDI-trained teachers only.
8.
Independent Practice (continued) An
inference is something that you think is true based on information that you have. • An inference is not directly written in the text. • To draw an inference, we use evidence from the text and our prior knowledge. Draw inferences about text. Step #1: Read the question and identify the words that help you make an inference. (circle) Step #2: Identify the textual evidence that helps you draw the inference. (underline) Step #3: Explain the prior knowledge you have that helps you draw the inference. (write) Step #4: Draw an inference. 1. I’ve been waiting for this trip for a year. 2. I set up my tent, roasted1 a marshmallow, and sat with my family around the warm campfire. 3. The park ranger stopped by our campsite to tell us to pack up all of our food before we went to sleep because animals often walk through the campsites at night. 4. Around midnight, we decided to extinguish2 the fire and climb into our tents for bed. 5. I had just drifted off to sleep, when I was startled3 by a growling noise just outside my tent. 6. I wanted to see what it was, but I was too scared to unzip my tent. 1 cooked over fire 2 put out 3 scared (synonym) 107 words What can you infer about what is growling outside the tent? My prior knowledge is: I’ve been camping, and the ranger told us bears walk around the campground at night. I also know _________________________________________________________________________________________ bears growl. _________________________________________________________________________________________ My inference is: A bear is outside the tent. _________________________________________________________________________________________ DataWORKS Educational Research 5th Grade Reading Comprehension 2.4 (5Q) (800) 495-1550 • www.dataworks-ed.com Draw inferences, conclusions, or generalizations about text ©2012 All rights reserved. and support them with textual evidence and prior knowledge. Comments? feedback@dataworks-ed.com Lesson to be used by EDI-trained teachers only.
9.
Periodic Review 1
Name___________________________ An inference is something that you think is true based on information that you have. • An inference is not directly written in the text. • To draw an inference, we use evidence from the text and our prior knowledge. Draw inferences about text. Step #1: Read the question and identify the words that help you make an inference. (circle) Step #2: Identify the textual evidence that helps you draw the inference. (underline) Step #3: Explain the prior knowledge you have that helps you draw the inference. (write) Step #4: Draw an inference. 1. It was really warm during the day, but it was getting chilly1 at night. 2. Sometimes the wind would blow so hard that all the leaves would fall off the tree. 3. The leaves on the ground were brown and the leaves left on the tree were either bright red or yellow. 4. The neighborhood kids like to gather the leaves into one big pile while they’re outside. 1 very cold 65 words What can we infer about the season? My prior knowledge is: During the fall, it starts getting cold. Leaves turn brown and fall off the trees. The leaves on the trees __________________________________________________________________________________________ turn bright colors. __________________________________________________________________________________________ My inference is: __________________________________________________________________________________________ The season is fall. __________________________________________________________________________________________ DataWORKS Educational Research 5th Grade Reading Comprehension 2.4 (5Q) (800) 495-1550 • www.dataworks-ed.com Draw inferences, conclusions, or generalizations about text ©2012 All rights reserved. and support them with textual evidence and prior knowledge. Comments? feedback@dataworks-ed.com Lesson to be used by EDI-trained teachers only.
10.
Periodic Review 1
(continued) An inference is something that you think is true based on information that you have. • An inference is not directly written in the text. • To draw an inference, we use evidence from the text and our prior knowledge. Draw inferences about text. Step #1: Read the question and identify the words that help you make an inference. (circle) Step #2: Identify the textual evidence that helps you draw the inference. (underline) Step #3: Explain the prior knowledge you have that helps you draw the inference. (write) Step #4: Draw an inference. 1. Gus saw an unusual1 scene when he got back to his house. 2. When he opened the door, the cat rushed out of the house. 3. There were dirty cat tracks on the carpet. 4. The tracks led to the mantle2 of the fireplace. 5. Broken pieces of his mom’s favorite vase lay there in front of the fireplace. 1 different from normal 2 shelf above the fireplace 55 words What can we infer about what or who caused the vase to break? My prior knowledge is: __________________________________________________________________________________________ Animals can sometimes be trouble-makers. I had a kitten who would get into everything. She broke a __________________________________________________________________________________________ lamp once. My inference is: __________________________________________________________________________________________ The cat broke the vase. __________________________________________________________________________________________ DataWORKS Educational Research 5th Grade Reading Comprehension 2.4 (5Q) (800) 495-1550 • www.dataworks-ed.com Draw inferences, conclusions, or generalizations about text ©2012 All rights reserved. and support them with textual evidence and prior knowledge. Comments? feedback@dataworks-ed.com Lesson to be used by EDI-trained teachers only.
11.
Periodic Review 2
Name___________________________ An inference is something that you think is true based on information that you have. • An inference is not directly written in the text. • To draw an inference, we use evidence from the text and our prior knowledge. Draw inferences about text. Step #1: Read the question and identify the words that help you make an inference. (circle) Step #2: Identify the textual evidence that helps you draw the inference. (underline) Step #3: Explain the prior knowledge you have that helps you draw the inference. (write) Step #4: Draw an inference. 1. Oscar was in line behind a man at a fast food restaurant. 2. The man didn’t speak. 3. He moved his hands trying to communicate with the cashier. 4. The cashier couldn’t tell what the man wanted to order. 5. A woman came up to help. 6. She told the cashier, “I know American Sign Language.” 7. She used the same method1 of signaling with her hands. 8. After an exchange with the man, she then proceeded2 to order the man’s food for him. 1 planned way of doing something 2 continued (synonym) 77 words What can we infer about the man in front of Oscar? My prior knowledge is: I learned some sign language at camp, and I know you use it to “talk” to people who are deaf. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ My inference is: ___________________________________________________________________________________________ The man is deaf. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ DataWORKS Educational Research 5th Grade Reading Comprehension 2.4 (5Q) (800) 495-1550 • www.dataworks-ed.com Draw inferences, conclusions, or generalizations about text ©2012 All rights reserved. and support them with textual evidence and prior knowledge. Comments? feedback@dataworks-ed.com Lesson to be used by EDI-trained teachers only.
12.
Periodic Review 2
(continued) An inference is something that you think is true based on information that you have. • An inference is not directly written in the text. • To draw an inference, we use evidence from the text and our prior knowledge. Draw inferences about text. Step #1: Read the question and identify the words that help you make an inference. (circle) Step #2: Identify the textual evidence that helps you draw the inference. (underline) Step #3: Explain the prior knowledge you have that helps you draw the inference. (write) Step #4: Draw an inference. 1. Oscar was so impressed1 by this woman, that he went to go talk to her. 2. She told him that she was a teacher for deaf students. 3. Oscar wanted to know more about American Sign Language. 4. He asked how to get involved with helping deaf people. 5. Oscar sat there listening attentively2. 6. She talked to him for an hour about signing. 7. He almost forgot about eating! 1 feeling of respect 2 listening to or watching someone carefully because you are interested 64 words What can we infer about how Oscar feels about American Sign Language? My prior knowledge is: I pay more attention when I like what I’m learning about. It makes me forget about other things. __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ My inference is: Oscar thinks American Sign Language is interesting. __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ DataWORKS Educational Research 5th Grade Reading Comprehension 2.4 (5Q) (800) 495-1550 • www.dataworks-ed.com Draw inferences, conclusions, or generalizations about text ©2012 All rights reserved. and support them with textual evidence and prior knowledge. Comments? feedback@dataworks-ed.com Lesson to be used by EDI-trained teachers only.
13.
Periodic Review 3
Name___________________________ An inference is something that you think is true based on information that you have. • An inference is not directly written in the text. • To draw an inference, we use evidence from the text and our prior knowledge. Draw inferences about text. Step #1: Read the question and identify the words that help you make an inference. (circle) Step #2: Identify the textual evidence that helps you draw the inference. (underline) Step #3: Explain the prior knowledge you have that helps you draw the inference. (write) Step #4: Draw an inference. 1. Kevin stepped up to the plate. 2. He struck out1 his last two times up to bat and he didn’t want to face the humiliation2 again. 3. The crowd cheered and Kevin’s palms began to sweat. 4. The first pitch flew past him so fast he almost didn’t see it. 5. Then, the second pitch came and he made contact with the ball, but it flew foul and over the fence behind him. 6. His knees began to shake as he waited for the next pitch. 1 (struck out) missed three pitches 2 strong feelings of embarrassment 81 words Based on his previous times up to bat, what can you infer about Kevin this time? My prior knowledge is: I’ve seen baseball games, and you never know what’s going to happen. I’ve played a lot, and I don’t want __________________________________________________________________________________________ to strike out after already striking out once or twice, so I try harder. Kevin already has two strikes. __________________________________________________________________________________________ My inference is: Kevin is likely to strike out again. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ DataWORKS Educational Research 5th Grade Reading Comprehension 2.4 (5Q) (800) 495-1550 • www.dataworks-ed.com Draw inferences, conclusions, or generalizations about text ©2012 All rights reserved. and support them with textual evidence and prior knowledge. Comments? feedback@dataworks-ed.com Lesson to be used by EDI-trained teachers only.
14.
Periodic Review 3
(continued) An inference is something that you think is true based on information that you have. • An inference is not directly written in the text. • To draw an inference, we use evidence from the text and our prior knowledge. Draw inferences about text. Step #1: Read the question and identify the words that help you make an inference. (circle) Step #2: Identify the textual evidence that helps you draw the inference. (underline) Step #3: Explain the prior knowledge you have that helps you draw the inference. (write) Step #4: Draw an inference. 1. During the winter, the ice on the lake is so thick you can drive a car on it. 2. However, today is a pleasant1 day near the beginning of spring. 3. There is still a little ice on the lake. 4. Josh and Todd decided to walk across the ice. 5. As they neared the middle, they heard the ice crack. 1 nice, lovely 57 words What can you infer about Josh and Todd’s walk on the lake? My prior knowledge is: __________________________________________________________________________________________ During the springtime the ice and snow melt. __________________________________________________________________________________________ My inference is: The ice on the lake is melting and Josh and Todd will fall in. __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ DataWORKS Educational Research 5th Grade Reading Comprehension 2.4 (5Q) (800) 495-1550 • www.dataworks-ed.com Draw inferences, conclusions, or generalizations about text ©2012 All rights reserved. and support them with textual evidence and prior knowledge. Comments? feedback@dataworks-ed.com Lesson to be used by EDI-trained teachers only.
15.
EDI – Cognitive,
Teaching and English Learner Strategies Learning Objective : draw inferences about text. Cognitive Strategies Teaching Strategies inference – with your hands illustrate text and touch your Elaboration Demonstration temple to illustrate background knowledge. Targeted vocabulary: draw, inferences, evidence, prior knowledge, smeared, sneered, glare, identify, explain, “read between the lines”, grinning, ritual Language Strategies Academic draw, identify, explain Vocabulary Words Content inference, evidence, prior knowledge Support smeared, sneered, glare, grinning, ritual, read between the lines Multiple-Meaning Synonym evidence – clues (cross-reference the brain) evidence –clues clues –evidence Vocabulary Strategy identify- find, smeared, glare, grinning Definition sneered, explain, ritual Homophone Internal Context Clue textual -al means connected with medical approval Listen, Speak Similar Sounds text has the same ending as next evidence the same spelling as inference Tracked Reading Read Decoding Rules backward syllabication -ence -ference inference Write Writing Write the inference and background knowledge. Content Access Strategies Comprehensible Cognates Input Graphic Organizer Contextualized smeared (wiped), sneered (made an angry face), glare (look) Contextual Clues Definitions “read between the lines” – you have to figure out the real meaning Pictures DataWORKS Educational Research 5th Grade Reading Comprehension 2.4 (5Q) (800) 495-1550 • www.dataworks-ed.com Draw inferences, conclusions, or generalizations about text ©2012 All rights reserved. and support them with textual evidence and prior knowledge. Comments? feedback@dataworks-ed.com Lesson to be used by EDI-trained teachers only.
16.
Blank Page DataWORKS Educational
Research 5th Grade Reading Comprehension 2.4 (5Q) (800) 495-1550 • www.dataworks-ed.com Draw inferences, conclusions, or generalizations about text ©2012 All rights reserved. and support them with textual evidence and prior knowledge. Comments? feedback@dataworks-ed.com Lesson to be used by EDI-trained teachers only.