This document summarizes four mobile learning initiatives and lessons learned from each. It discusses (1) the MOBIlearn project which developed mobile learning services for use outside the classroom, (2) the Elmo project for mobile language learning, (3) MyArtSpace for connecting museum and classroom learning using mobile devices, and (4) the embedding of mobile technologies throughout Djanogly City Academy school. Key lessons highlighted include the importance of designing for the learner's mobility, blending formal and informal learning, and ensuring technologies support educational goals and processes.

1. Learning at Large Mike Sharples Learning Sciences Research Institute University of Nottingham www.nottingham.ac.uk/lsri/msh

2. Four mobile learning initiatives MOBIlearn Elmo MyArtSpace Djanogly City Academy Lessons learned

3. First phase of mobile learningHandheld in classrooms Lecture response systems since 1947 Handheld computers in classrooms Since 1980s E-books since 1990 Data logging Focus on handheld technology for formal education and training

4. Second phase Learning across contexts Personal learning organisers Field trips Museum visits Bite sized learning Professional updating MOBIlearn and M-Learning European projects Focus on the mobile learner

5. Third phaseAmbient learning Augmented reality learning Learning enhanced physical spaces Focus on a learning-enabled world

6. Lab Small scale Large scale Classroom SceDer Djanogly City Academy Personal Inquiry Interactive Logbook MyArtSpace Student Learning Organiser Mobile SMS for MSM Elmo MOBIlearn Caerus HandLeR PaSAT Ambient Lab of tomorrow Augmenting Field Experience

7. MOBIlearn (www.mobilearn.org)2002-2004 Funded by the European Commission Aim: to develop services for mobile learning outside the classroom Scenarios Art gallery First aid in workplace Work-based MBA course

8. Large scale project 24 partner organizations €7.4 million funding ($10.8 million) Open web service-based system Content management Context awareness Collaboration Mobile multimedia Adaptive interface OMAF systems architecture for MOBIlearn

9. Context-sensitive learning Location-based content and services Ultrasound tracking system Context awareness: which painting? how long? have I been there before?

10. MOBILearn: lessons learned It’s the learner that’s mobile Need for a flexible, modular, blended, system How learning is interwoven with everyday life Mobile learning can both complement and conflict with formal education Context is constructed by learners through movement and interaction Ethical issues: privacy, ownership

11. Elmo – mobile language learning Aim: to provide English vocabulary learning on mobile phones Technology developed by Sharp Labs Europe Oxford University Press Readers Evaluation with Japanese high school students by University of Nottingham and University of Tokushima

12. Large scale ambition Children in Asian countries learning English Practice at home and school E-book plus adaptive vocabulary learning E-book Elmo adaptive system

13. Results for adaptive handheld learning device 9.5 9 8.5 8 7.5 7 6.5 6 5.5 5 Pre Post Vocabulary score

14. 9.5 9 8.5 8 Adaptive 7.5 7 Book 6.5 6 5.5 5 Pre Post Vocabulary score Comparison with paper book

15. 9.5 9 8.5 8 Adaptive 7.5 Ebook 7 Book 6.5 6 5.5 5 Pre Post Comparison with e-book Vocabulary score

16. Log data

17. Interview data “Made my eyes tired, so I recommend ‘paper book’” “It is good to write down whatever I want on ‘paper book’” “I do not want to bring another device with me other than my mobile phone to read novels” “Many say that if a small and light device with a satisfactory English-Japanese dictionary, smooth scrolling, less charging is possible, then Adaptive Device would be best” (Teacher)

18. Lessons learned Design-based research Know your users Understand the context of use Gulf between lab development and everyday use

19. MyArtSpace Aim: to connect learning in museums and classrooms Enhance museums as sites for authentic inquiry learning Learners as curators Service on mobile phones and website for inquiry-led museum learning

20. Prepare inquiry in the classroom MyArtSpace Create and collect in the museum View and share in the classroom Present a personal perspective

21. Large scale evaluation Over 100 school visits by 3000 children in three museums Thousands of images and sounds created by children in the museums and sent to personal websites Year-long evaluation from initial design to final deployment Observations, interviews, focus groups, surveys

22. Summary of findings The technology worked Photos, information on exhibits, notes, automatic sending to website Students spent longer (90 mins compared to 20 mins) Supported inquiry learning Encouraged children to make active choices Connected school and museum Need for more teacher preparation Managing the amount of collected material back in the classroom

23. Lessons learned Keep it simple Focus on the learning Get the business model right Who pays: Schools? Cultural venues? Visitors?

24. OOKL Commercial service from MyArtSpace

25. New OOKL iPhone business model Venues join free of charge, OOKL sells their content to iPhone users and on the web, shares 60% of revenues with the venues Venues can digitise their collection with an iPhone running OOKL. Log in as a curator, take picture, edit and publish.

26. Djanogly City AcademyFirst ‘mobile learning school’

27. “My favourite rich task is ‘The Seasons’ because you get to study music, drama and dance every day for a whole term and they are my favourite lessons” Christopher Berry Year 9 Large scale embedding Flexibility and mobility in the classroom and outside Rich task curriculum E.g. Exploring science and ethics Breaking down the separate zones of teacher and pupil Open (filtered) access to the Web

29. Test-bed for innovationSceDerJitti Niramitranon – PhD student, LSRI

30. Classroom evaluation at Djanogly City Academy

31. Lessons learned Start from the learning process Wireless is not a bottleneck Power is a problem Checks and balances Three teams: ICT curriculum, Learning technologies, network services All work together, to make sure that learning and the curriculum leads technical innovation Equity of access 140 Toshiba netbooks for home use, with 3G mobile broadband Joint funded by school, e-Learning foundation, parents Contribution depends on what parents can afford From $9 to $25 per month Mobile learning can change lives!

32. Thanks to MOBIlearn Peter Lonsdale, Julia Meek, Paul Rudman, Giasemi Vavoula ELMO Sharp Labs Europe: Phil Edmonds University of Tokushima: Hiroaki Ogata, Noriko Uosaki University of Nottingham: Tony Fisher, Richard Pemberton Teacher and students MyArtSpace TheSEA Giasemi Vavoula, Peter Lonsdale, Julia Meek, Paul Rudman D-Day Museum Portsmouth; Urbis, Manchester; Study Gallery, Poole Djanogly City Academy Mike Butler, Matt Buxton