2. CONTENTS OF THE BOOK
1. Ada, Countess of Lovelace
2. The Computer
3. Programming
4. The Transistor
5. The Microchip
6. Video Games
7. The Internet
8. The Personal Computer
9. Software
10. Online
11. The Web
12. Ada Forever
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3. the book REVIEW includes following chapters
7. THE INTERNET
(Vannevar Bush)
8. THE PERSONAL COMPUTER
(Douglas Engelbart)
9. SOFTWARE
(Bill Gates)
10. ONLINE & WEB
(Tim Berners Lee)
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4. INNOVATION(As visualized by the
author)
Sometimes innovation is a matter of timing. “ A big idea
comes along at the just moment when the technology
exists to implement”.
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5. The “INNOVATORS” is a book authored by Mr. Walter isaacson,
The book reveals the story of people who invented the computer
and the Internet, The book was published in “Great Britain by
Simon & Schuster UK Ltd” publishes in 2014.
The book details about the talents that allowed certain inventors
and entrepreneurs who turn their visionary ideas into disruptive
realities
The author asserts that many innovators’ succeed in the history
because they take the help of other contributors and work as a
team.
5Mr. Vannevar Bush Mr. Douglas Engelbart Mr. Bill Gates Mr. Tim Berners Lee
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7. Biography
• Born in Chelsea, Massachusetts in 1890.
• Graduated from Tufts College in 1913 with a B.S. and M.S.
degree in Electrical Engineering.
• PhD studies at Harvard Institute of Technology, received joint
PhD degree in 1917.
• Worked at National Research Council during World War I,
developed anti-submarine warfare technologies.
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8. VANNEVAR BUSH’S TRIANGLE
Internet was built by a partnership among three groups:
the military, universities, and private corporations.
What made the process even more fascinating was that this was not
merely a loose- knit consortium, but each group was pursuing its
own aims.
During World War II, the three groups had been fused together
into an iron triangle: the military- industrial- academic
complex.
The person most responsible for forging this assemblage was
Mr.Vannevar Bush.
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9. ERA OF INTERNET
The ARPANET was not an Internet, it was a network.
Within few years, there were other packet- switched networks
that were similar but not interconnected.
In the early 1973 Mr. Robert came out with the remedy where
in all the networks were interconnected.
Having worked on the ARPANET and then PRNET (packet
radio network in San-Fransisco), he made his mission possible
to create a method to connect APRANET, PRENET and other
packet networks, a system he and his colleagues called as
“internetwork.” Later it was shortened to as “ internet.”
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10. VIII. PERSONAL COMPUTER
Envisioned by Mr. Vannevar Bush in 1945
He said "Consider a future device for individual use, which is
a sort of mechanized private file and library.”
By the early 1970s innovative companies such as DEC made
minicomputers, but they dismissed the idea of market for
desktop models that could be owned and operated by ordinary
folks.
As a result, the personal computer revolution, when it erupted
in the mid-1970s, was led by scruffy entrepreneurs who started
companies with names like Altair and Apple.
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11. Mr. Vannevar Bush’s Ideas and Contributions
to Information Science
“As We May Think,” an article Mr. Bush published in July
1945 in Atlantic Monthly, lays out many of his ideas and
visions for the future information age, many of which are
focused on information science, many of which have yet to be
fully developed or exploited.
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12. The Memex Machine
• Bush’s Memex Machine, “a device in which a person can
store all his books, records, and communications.”
• “As it is mechanized it may be consulted with exceeding speed
and flexibility.”
12
The Memex Machine6/3/2015
13. Why is Vannevar Bush a luminary?
• He was the first person to see the importance of venture
capital and how angel investors, in collaboration with
major research universities, could give rise to whole new
industries.
• Through one of his student, Mr. Frederick Terman,
helped to create Silicon Valley.
• His idea of associative stream gave rise to hypertext (Ted
Nelson).
• His predictions are readily apparent in everyday items
such as the Ipod, the Ipad, etc.
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14. Douglas Engelbart (Personal Computer)
Born on January 30, 1925,
in Portland, Oregon.
American engineer and inventor,
and an early computer and Internet
pioneer.
14
He is best known for his work on the
challenges of human-computer interaction,
resulting in the invention of the computer
mouse and the development of hypertext,
networked computers, and precursors
to graphical user interfaces.
Mr. Vannevar Bush and Mr. Douglas
Engelbart demonstrated at The Mother of All
Demos’ in 1968 in San Francisco.6/3/2015
15. Even before the availability of first commercial computer
UNIVAC publicly, Mr. Engelbart brought to Bush’s vision
that someday people would have their own terminals,
which they could use to manipulate, store, and share
information. This expansive ,conception was named as
augmented intelligence.
He worked on magnetic storage systems at the Stanford
Research Institute, in 1957 on artificial intelligence,
especially the quest to create a system that mimicked the
neural networks of the human brain.
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16. Mr. Vannevar Bush had written “As We May Think” that was
conceptualized that humans and computers should interact in
real time through simple interfaces that included graphical
screens, pointers, and input devices.
Mr. Engelbart emphasized that his system wouldn’t be just for
Mathematics : “Every person who does his thinking with
symbolized concepts (whether in the form of the English
language, photographs, formal logic or mathematics) should be
able to benefit significantly.”
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17. Mr. Engelbart gave a demonstration on personal computer that
humans could easily interact with in real time at a Computer
industry conference in San Francisco.
He showed nearly everything that a networked personal
computer does today in the way back 1968 itself.
The demo presented a clear contrast between the goal of
artificial intelligence and that of augmented intelligence.
The headline of the story from the conference in the next day’s
San Francisco Chronicle was “Fantastic world of tomorrow’s
computer”.
17
Mother of all Demos
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22. EARLY LIFE
Born on October 28, 1955 in
Seattle, Washington, America.
EDUCATION
1967-1973
Schooling at the Lakeside
private school.
1973
He entered Harvard
University but dropped out in
1975 for the sake of building
up the Software empire.
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23. April 14th , 1974
Bill Gates, along with school friend
Paul Allen, form MicroSoft®
23
When Gates asked Allen , what he thought it would be like to
run a big company, Allen said he had no clue, but Gates
declared that “May be we’ll have our own company someday.”
One trait that differentiated the two was focus. Allen’s mind
would flit among many ideas and passions, but Gates was a
serial obsessor.
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24. ERA OF SOFTWARE
For Gates, the magic of computers was not in their hardware
circuits but in their software code.
Gates and Allen set out to do on that December day in 1974
when they first saw the Popular Electronics cover was to create
the software for personal computers.
They wanted to shift the balance in the emerging industry so
that the hardware would become an interchangeable
commodity.
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25. IBM PARTNERSHIP
IBM approached Microsoft in July 1980 regarding its
upcoming personal computer.
Gates referred them to Digital Research Institute (DRI) for the
OS needed by IBM.
A few weeks later Gates proposed using 86-DOS (QDOS)
After adapting the operating system for the PC, Microsoft
delivered to IBM as PC DOS in exchange for a one-time fee of
$50,000.
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26. LOVE FOR COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY
Wrote his first computer
program for playing tic tac toe
at the age of 13.
Developed a version of BASIC
programming language for the
MITS Altair computer.
Launched Microsoft with his
childhood friend Paul Allen.
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28. June 25th , 1981
MicroSoft® was incorporated with
Bill Gates as Chairman and CEO
28
1986
Bill Gates becomes billionaire
at age 31, the youngest person
ever to do so.
1992
Bill receives National Medal of Technology
from President George W. Bush
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30. 1995
• The Road Ahead book of
Gates was published
• It held the No. 1 spot on the
New York Times' bestseller
list for seven weeks.
1999
Gates wrote Business @ the
Speed of Thought
This book has been published
in 25 languages and is available
in more than 60 countries.
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31. Gates is the prime example of the innovator’s personality
A Best-known entrepreneur of the personal computer revolution
31
Success Factors
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32. ABILITY
FAST LEARNER
Developed the first software at the age of 13.
RISK BEARER
Gates signed an agreement to write software in BASIC and other
languages for IBM PC.
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33. He had a VISION
Gates learned to treat software as a business.
MASTER MIND
Before IBM PC was launched, Microsoft acquired the
operating system renaming it 86-OS from Seattle computers.
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34. LONG-TERM APPROACH
Gates was quick to understand the new market conditions and
the impact of the Internet on Microsoft.
GREAT CONVINCER
Gates explained his perspective at the Internet World
Conference. He convinced, ‘The internet phenomenon is
unbelievable. It’s the most fascinating thing to happen in the
world of computing.’
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35. INTELLIGENT & AGGRESSIVE
Microsoft bundled the Explorer browser with its Windows
operating system. This was an aggressive move by Gates to
counter the business benefit of becoming a market leader.
INNOVATOR
Microsoft adapted to the existing products and developed new
products centered on the Internet. It deployed productivity
software as well as authoring tools.
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36. Set up in 2000 by Mr Gates and his wife Melinda, the
foundation has a $28.8 billion endowment and is dedicated to
promoting greater equality in global health and learning.
36
Philanthropy
$3.6 billion to organizations working in global
health
$2 billion to improve learning opportunities
$477 million to community projects in the
Pacific Northwest
$488 million to special projects and annual
giving campaigns.
Endowment of $28.8 billion.
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39. TIM BERNERS-LEE (WEB)
Tim Berners- Lee was born in 1955, London, England, the same year
as Bill Gates and Steve Jobs.
In March 1989 Berners- Lee had his design in place and officially
submitted a funding proposal to the top managers at CERN.
He said .“The hope would be to allow a pool of information to
develop which could grow and evolve.”
The first proposal for the World Wide Web was made by Tim
Berners-Lee, at CERN, in 1989.
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40. CERN
CERN stands for European Organization for Nuclear Research.
Tim Berners-Lee was a scientist at CERN.
The idea for the World Wide Web was created at CERN by Tim
Berners-Lee.
40
41. The WEB
There was a limit to how popular the Internet could be, at least
among the ordinary computer users, even after the advent of
modems and the rise of online services made it possible for
almost anyone to get connected.
But just when the online service began opening up to the
Internet in the early 1990s, a new method of posting and
finding content miraculously appeared.
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42. Other Facts
August 6, 1991 is the date that the web was a publicly available
service on the internet.
Tim Berners-Lee is now the director of the World Wide Web
Consortium.
The World Wide Web consortium is an international gathering where
people meet to try to make the Web better. They want the web to
reach its full potential.
2009- There are now over 100 billion live web pages.
The World Wide Web began as a net worked info project at CERN
by Tim Berners-Lee.
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45. Leadership Style
Bill Gates
Transformational Leader
Motivational & Persuader
Shared Authority
Participative Style
Moderate Risk Taker
Steve Jobs
Average Leader
Highly Innovative
Centralized Authority
Autocratic Style
High Risk Taker
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46. Managerial Practices
Bill Gates
Understanding Limitations of
Oneself
Employee Management
Organized
Understands Needs
Steve Jobs
Dictatorial
Can’t Anticipate Threat
Overconfident & Tactical
Learns From Mistakes
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47. Conclusion
Development of economy of any nation depends primarily on the
vital role played by innovators and entrepreneurs.
This innovation will come from people who are able to think
beauty to engineering, humanity to technology and poetry to
processors.
Such innovations have made the globe very small and connected
with the best way to help people handle complexity world wide.
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48. References:
VANNEVAR BUSH,2013, In Wikipedia. Retrieved from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vannevar-Bush.
WALTER ISAACSON, 2013, The Innovators, Simon and
Schuter UK Ltd., Great Britain. p:217-405.
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