2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
There are 4 major organizational streams devoted to
extension work for ag. & R.D., in Indian context,
these are:The first line agricultural system, comprising of
mainly ICAR institutes & agricultural universities.
Extension system of Ministry of ag. & State deptt.
of ag.
Extension system of Ministry of R.D & state
develop. deptt.
Work done by VOs, business houses etc.
3. a) Mission:
Sustainable growth of Indian agriculture by
interfacing education, research and extension
initiatives complimented with efficient and effective
institutional, infrastructure and policy support, that
will create a proper fit between the humanity and its
habitat.
b) Vision:
“To harness science to ensure comprehensive and
sustained physical, economic and ecological access to
food and livelihood security to all Indians, through
generation, assessment, refinement and adoption of
appropriate technologies.”
4.
To plan, undertake, aid, promote and co-ordinate education, research and
its application in agriculture, agroforestry, animal husbandry, fisheries,
home science and allied sciences.
To act as clearing house of research and general information relating to
agriculture, animal husbandry, home science and fisheries through its
publications and information system, and instituting and promoting transfer
of technology programmes.
To provide, undertake and promote consultancy services in the fields of
education, research, training and dissemination of information in
agriculture, agroforestry, animal husbandry, fisheries, home science and
allied sciences.
To look into problems relating to broader areas of rural development
concerning agriculture, including post-harvest technology, by developing cooperative programmes with other organizations such as the Indian Council
of Social Sciences Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research,
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, and universities.
To do other things considered necessary to attain objectives of the Society.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
There are 4 TOT Projects of ICAR, namely:All India coordinated project on national
demonstration (AICPND)
Operational Research Project (ORP)
Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK)/ Agricultural
science centres
Lab to Land Project (LLP)
6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The specific objectives of AICPND are:To demonstrate convincingly to the farmers &
extension personnel
To fully exploit these demonstrations for the purpose
of training farmers & field extension functionaries
To provide the research workers an opportunity to
get first-hand knowledge of the problems being
faced by the farmers.
To determine the income and employment
generation potentialities of the crops/ subjects under
demonstration
To influence the extension system of the state deptt.
of ag. , VOs etc.
7.
1.
2.
3.
4.
The specific objectives of ORP are:To test, adopt and demonstrate the new agricultural
technology on farmer’s field
To determine the profitability of the new technologies
& their pace of spread of spread among farmers
To identify the constraints both technological as well
as socio-economic which are barrier to rapid change
To demonstrate group action as a method of
popularizing the modern technologies at a faster rate
8.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Major objectives of KVK are:Plan & conduct surveys of operational areas
Compile all relevant recommendations/ package of practices
Plan and conduct production oriented, need-based, short & long term
training courses
Organize farm science clubs
Develop and maintain the campus farms and demonstration units
Provide practical training facilities of the centre
Impart some general education to the rural illiterates
Provide training facilities in home-making and nutrition education
The mandates of KVK are to conduct:training programmes
front-line demonstrations
on-farm testing
9.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
The specific objectives of LLP are:Study & understand the background and resources of the
selected farmers and landless agricultural labourers
Assist the farmers to develop feasible farm plans
Guide & help the farmers in adopting improved
technologies
Organize training programmes and other ext. activities
Make the farmers aware of the various opportunities and
agencies
Develop functional relations & linkages with the scientists
& institutions
Utilize this project as a feedback mechanism
10. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Statewide responsibility for teaching, research and extension
education
Integration of teaching, research and extension at all levels
of university administration
Multi-disciplinary team work in the development
programmes of education, research and extension
Quick communication of new knowledge to students in
classrooms, extension personnel and farmers
Programmes giving specialized training to rural youth and
adult men & women
Acceptance by all concerned in the university a philosophy
of service to ag. and rural community & emphasis on
programmes
12. Integrated Agricultural Research for Development
schematic
Ext. Org
Educational
Input Dealers
Inst.
Research Ins.
Financial
Inst.
Farmers/
users
NGOs
Min./ Deptt./Agencies of govt.
International & regional org.
Farmer based org./ community
based org.
14.
Post T & V period show decentralization of
extension planning & control
The use of group approach
Use of para-extension workers
Setting up of multi-disciplinary teams from SAUs
Setting up of agri-clinic by private entrepreneurs
Formation of registered societies like ATMA at the
district level by integrating the functions of key
stakeholders
15.
Public sector state DoA still dominates all
provision of extension efforts done
A large no. of agencies provide support and
advisory support but they are restricted to
certain regions and selected crops
Public-private partnership is limited
Remote areas and poor producers are poorly
served by both private & public sector
extension
16.
Apart from conventional system it implements
innovative extension approaches such as,
Technical contracts
The (private) company led extension
approach
Participatory extension approach
17.
U.S.A with the changes in agriculture
production sector also faced some dramatic
changes:Networking still a primary role
Cooperative extension service
