An overview on parasites

1. Eukaryotic
Group Subgroup lifecycle detail size epidemiology infection pathology
subtype
falciparum
vivax mosquito:
malariae 1. microgamete
2. macrogamete
3. zygote
* active * fever
4. ookinete
* complex * headache
5. oocyst
response and * spleno-
6. Bursting oocyst
evasion megaly
7. sporozoites
250 million * evasion: * multiple
Plasmodium indirect human: microscopic
worldwide PfEMP organ failure
7. sporozoite
ovale * CD8 in liver and cerebral
(8. hypnozoite)
* AB to sporo + malaria in
9. merozoite
mero + proteins falsiparum due
10. trophozoite (in
Protozoae * natural to sequestration
ery)
selection
11a. schizont-9.
11b. gametocyte
to mosquito
Leishmania
Trypanosoma
* mild
* active
* ocular
invasion of
* ingest (oo)cyst toxoplasmosis
direct and 13% of world cells, but also
Toxoplasma gondii * new cysts develop microscopic and fatal CNS
indirect population phagocytosis
* oocyst in faeces disorders if
* vacuole
immuno-
protects
compromised

2. Eukaryotic
Group Subgroup lifecycle detail size epidemiology infection pathology
subtype
* ingest eggs
* larvae in
1.5 billion * TH2 * GI symptoms
bloodstream
worldwide, * IgE * blockage/perf
ascaris lumbricoides direct * via lung and 15-35cm!
mainly africa * mastocytosis
airway into GI tract
and asia * eosinophilia
* adult worms in
small intestine
* passive
* larva into skin
* AChE
* worm in gut, most common
Nematode necator americanus * superoxide * anaemia
direct feeds on blood 1cm species in
nippostrongylus brasiliensis dismutase * GI symptoms
* eggs in faeces, humans
* kills T-cells
will form larva
by apoptosis!
fly:
Metazoae * microfilariae
* larvae * elephantiasis
wucheria bancrofti Wb: 10cm * passive
indirect human: * river
onchocerca volvvulus OV: 40cm invasion
* larvae blindness
* microfilariae into
lymphatic sys
mansoni * immuno-
* no
japonicum pathology
snail: multiplication
* granuloma
1. miricadia(aq) in host
around eggs
2. sporocysts * TH2
cerariae 200 million * fibrosis
Trematodes schistosoma indirect 3. cercariae(aq) * IgE
200mm? infected * portal
haematobium human: * worms
hypertension in
4. schistosomulae immuno-
m+j
5. miricadiae(aq) suppress host
* haematuria in
and alter IgE
h.
Cestode Hymenolepis diminuta