3. What is Light
Light is a form of energy ,that associated with
molecular motion
1. Light Travel in straight rays
1. Light Travel in Packets (photon)
4. What is Light?
Light = different wavelengths of energy.
Red has the longest wavelength and blue has the
shortest.
5. Light Theory
• White light is a mixture of full; red, green & blue
wavelengths.
• RGB can make all colours in the visible spectrum. Mixing
of primary colours= makes secondary colours:
Cyan, Magenta & Yellow
7. Importance of Light
• Without light it is virtually
impossible to make television images.
• Lighting=technical and aesthetic
function
• Proper light creates excellent
pictures
8. Objectives of TV Lighting
To fulfill the technical requirement i.e.
Sufficient level of illumination for the camera’s
9. 3-D Prospective
The TV screen is two dimensional.
Set design
Proper use of light to emphasize texture,
shape and form
10. To thru attention to key object in a scene
The use of light and shadow can
reveal and conceal important
elements in the scene,
The director uses light to guide the
viewer’s attention within a scene.
11. To establish the mood of a scene
• Lighting makes a sense of
emotional to viewer
• To fix the time of the action
• It conveys feeling about time
i.e morning, evening, night & season.
12. Amount of light
• The amount of lighting a shot
will determine how clearly we see
the images
• The type of light affects the color
13. BRIGHTNESS
• The intensity or brightness of the light on a
subject affects how well a camera can see it
• Too little= too dark and underexposed
• The image will be soft and underexposed
• Will create a grainy look (this is called picture
noise)
• Bright light creates sharp and clear images
14. BASE LIGHT
• The existing light in an environment is called
base light.
• If you turn the lights off in a room you lower
the base light
• If you turn more light on then you raise the
base light
• Base light is often all you will have to work
with, but that doesn’t mean you can’t think
about lighting
15. DIRECTION
• The direction of a light source affects the way
light and shadow fall on a subject.
• Direction is determines by how you position
both the subject and the lighting fixture.
• Light from the side produces dimension and
texture where as light coming directly in front
(from the angle of the camera) will reduce
texture and shape.
16. QUALITY
• The quality of light refers to whether it is hard or
soft .
• Hard light creates sharp and well defined dark
shadows.
• It brings out the shapes and textures of the
subject
• Hard light is created by sunlight and directional
focused lighting fixtures
17. SOFT LIGHT
• Soft light is diffused and creates very few or no
shadows (like a cloudy day)
18. COLOR
• Light also determines the color an object will
be
• White light is an equal mixture of colors
across the full spectrum of red, orange, yellow,
green, blue, indigo and violet
• Our eyes compensate for these differences in
color temperature
• Cameras don’t
• The type of light affects the color of the object
19. Although light can be any color
between ultraviolet and
infrared, There are two colors
we are concerned with:
5,600oK for daylight and
3,200oK for tungsten lamps.
Camcorders are programmed
with these two values as their
white balance presets.
Infrared
Ultraviolet
5600o K
3200o K
Color Temperature
20. COLOR TEMPERATURE
• The exact color and tone of light is called color
temperature
• Color characteristics are classified on a KELVIN
(K) color temperature scale.
• This scale measures the degree of red or blue in
the light (not the heat or brightness)
• The higher the color temperature the more
prominent the blue tones
21. Color Temperature
For example, in the photo on
the right,
both sources of light (sunlight
on the right; a standard light
bulb on the left)
22. Example of Color Temperature
Warm
(2000-3000K
Mid-range
(3000-4000K)
Cool
(4000K +)
24. Light CoherenceCoherence, often
most neglected of the three variables.
In the photos above the objects are exactly the same. Two of the
variables of light are also exactly the same: intensity and color
temperature. The only difference is the third variable: the coherence
of the light. The first photo was shot with soft light, the second with
a hard light source.
26. Primary Factor of Lighting
• texture, fill in harsh shadows and separate from background
• Not too large contrast light and dark
• Create an even base light
• Working knowledge of two type of instruments
• Reasonable understanding of Understand 3 point lighting
to illuminate subject, give shape, add olor temperature
27. Foot Candles- Light’s Measurement
• Amount of light collected in a one
foot radius of a standard candle.
• Using a light meter, you measure the
objects.
• Example-Suit 15 ftc/Wall 700 ftc…
46:1 ratio
28. WHITE BALANCE
• Most cameras will white balance automatically
but some will have the option to do this
manually
• To do so you would select the color temperature
for the dominant light source,; place a white
object or card in that areas; point the camera at
the white object completely filling the screen and
perform the white balance function
33. Shadow
• Indicates distance, time, mood.
Zettl, H. (2005). Sight, sound, motion: Applied media aesthetics, 4th ed. Belmont, CA: Thompson-Wadsworth, p23
34. Falloff
Facial texture
Fast falloff Slow Falloff
Zettl, H. (2005). Sight, sound, motion: Applied media aesthetics, 4th ed. Belmont, CA: Thompson-Wadsworth, p28
35. Soft & Hard Light
• Dramatically different shadows and moods
36. Background Lighting
and CompositionBkgd. divided into B & W,
separates characters
Bkgd. Light used to create composition;
where does the light bkgd. lead you?
Photographs, Viera & Viera, p. 34
(The Third Man, Studio Canal Image, 1949) (8 ½, Corinth Films Inc., 1963.)
37. Background Light
• The same ¾ key, fill, background set up
• Different intensity for different moods
Bkgd.
Key
Fill
Photographs, Viera & Viera, p. 33
38. Cameo
• Black background, subjects sharply set off from
bkgd. No fill, no bkgd light. Sometimes a kicker.
Zettl, p. 43
39. Chiaroscuro
Zettl, p. 41
Here, light seems to radiate from a single candle hidden behind the
left woman’s hand.
Three functions:
Organic, Directional, and Spatial / Compositional.
40. Back Key- back light is dominant
• When light comes from behind.
• Frontal fill
Viera & Viera, p. 25
41. Eyelight, cont.
• Without eyelight,
eyes would be lost in
shadow.
• Give a sense of
“aliveness,” twinkle
Viera & Viera, p. 37, 81/2, Corinth Films, Inc. 1963