This document discusses the effect of animal manure amendments on soil pH. It presents research showing that manure can both increase and decrease soil pH depending on its composition and application rate. The document hypothesizes that calcium-rich manures and manures with low nitrogen content are most likely to increase soil pH. It proposes research questions to investigate the liming effects of different manures on various soil types at optimal application levels.

1. Effect of Animal Manure Amendments on pH of Soils.

6. Effects of manures composition on soil pH -do- -- 4.1->5.0 (+0.9) 4.1->4.7 (+0.6) 25 weeks 11 5.4 110.7 26.9 20.5 38.5 252 -do- Naramabuye and Haynes, 2007. -- 4. 10->6.55 (+2.45) 4.1->5.9 (+1.80) 7 weeks 11 5.4 110.7 26.9 20.5 38.5 252 (Layer) Ano and Ubochi, 2007. -- 4.60->6.49 (+1.89) -- 3 weeks 8.9 -- 12.4 -- -- 3.6 296.3 Tang et al., 2007 -- 4.30->4.61 (+0.31) -- 30 days 5.7 -- 27 29.3 43 32.8 131 Naramabuye and Haynes, 2006a. 4.1->6.3 (+2.20) -- -- 3 days 11 -- 110.7 26.9 20.5 39 252 Mokolobate and Haynes, 2002a. -- 4.2->5.4 (+1.20) 4.0->5.1 (+1.10) 6 weeks 5.7 2.6 77 20 21 63 239 Duruigbo et al., 2007. -- 4.7->5.8 (+1.10) 4.60->5.73 (+1.13) 3 weeks 19.5 2 69.5 5.2 13 13.7 211.5 -do- -- 4.0->5.0 (+1) 4.0->4.6 (+0.6) -do- 17 3.5 34.8 19 188 25 343 (Broiler) Naramabuye and Haynes, 2006b. -- 4.00->6.55 (+2.55) 4.0->6.5 (+2.50) 6 weeks 11 5.4 110.7 26.9 205 39 250 (Layer) Poultry manure pH CaCl 2 pH water pH KCl Mg Na Ca K P Total N Organic C References Soil pH change Time span Characteristics (gkg -1 DM) Type of manure

7. Cattle Manure References pHCaCl 2 pH Water pH KCl Time Span Mg Na Ca K P Total N Organic C Soil pH change Characteristics (gkg -1 DM) -do- -- stable 4.1->3.9 (-0.2) 25 weeks 0.8 0.1 2.4 4.8 3.8 16.3 194 Naramabuye and Haynes, 2007. -- 4.1->4.6 (+0.5) 4.1->4.3 (+0.2) 7 weeks 0.8 0.1 2.4 4.8 3.8 16.3 194 Ano and Ubochi, 2007. -- 4.60->5.91 (+1.31) -- 3 weeks 19.9 -- 11.2 -- -- 4.9 313 Whalen et al., 2002. 4.8->6.0 (+1.2) -- -- 25 weeks -- -- -- 22.7 7.0 22.8 249.3 Naramabuye and Haynes, 2006a. 4.1->4.6 (+0.5) -- -- 3 days 0.1 -- 0.3 0.6 1.8 10 114

8. Pig manure Soil pH change Characteristics (gkg-1DM) References pH CaCl 2 pH Water pH KCl Time Spane Mg Na Ca K P Total N Organic C Type of manure Shen, Q.R. and Shen, Z.G. 2001. -- 4.0->4.8 (+0.8) -- 8 weeks 9.97 -- 38.6 16.5 39 24.2 -- Ano and Ubochi, 2007. -- 4.60->6.44 (+1.84) -- 3 weeks 13 -- 13.7 -- -- 5.2 271.3 -do- -- 5.80->5.25 (-0.55) -- 120 days -- -- -- 1.12 0.78 30 -- -do- -do- -- 5.8->5.3 (-0.50) -- 28 days -- -- -- 1.12 0.78 30 -- Anearobi-cally Digested (liquid) -do- -- 5.8->5.2 (-0.60) -- 120 days -- -- -- 1.17 0.66 28.8 -- -do- Loria and Sawyer, 2005. -- 5.8->5.3 (-0.50) -- 28 days -- -- -- 1.17 0.66 28.8 -- Raw (liquid) -do- -- 4.10->4.25 (+0.15) stable 25 weeks 11.5 4 50.9 12.4 34.5 25.4 340 Naramabuye and Haynes, 2007. -- 4.1->5.0 (+0.9) 4.1->4.6 (+0.5) 7 weeks 11.5 4 50.9 12.4 34.5 25.4 340

9. Effect of slurry application on soil pH “ a” means in beginning there was an increase but as time passes it decreased and reached to initial soil pH. ‘ --’ means no data mentioned in the related paper. Plaza et al., 2004. 6.0->6.8 (+0.8) 90 4 years -- 31.52 27.04 -- 59.02 90.27 28.8 -do- -do- 90 -do- -- -- 43.07 3.07 166.15 240 32.5 Anaero-bically digested Chantigny et al., 2004. Stable a 90 9 days -- -- 35.35 1.68 112.79 163.29 59.4 Anaero-bically stored Pig Slurry Martyniuk et al., 2002 6.1->6.2 (+0.1) 100 10 years 24.95 43.87 19.35 -- -- 33.97 93 -do- 5.60->5.80 (+0.20) 100 -do- -- 40 20 -- -- 40 100 Potarzycki et al., 2004. 5.60->6.02 (+0.42) 50 20 years -- 40 20 -- -- 40 100 Cattle slurry CaO K Total-P NO - 3 -N NH + 4 -N Total N Dry matter contents (Kgm -3 ) Reference pH change Rate of application (m 3 ha -1 ) Time span Characteristics (gkg -1 DM) Types of slurry

12. Hypothesis and Research Questions

28. THANKS