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Ă„hnlich wie Arterio-Portal Fistula Syndrome (APFS)
Ă„hnlich wie Arterio-Portal Fistula Syndrome (APFS) (20)
Mehr von Samir Haffar
Mehr von Samir Haffar (20)
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Arterio-Portal Fistula Syndrome (APFS)
- 1. Arterio-Portal Fistula Syndrome Case report & review of the literature Samir Haffar M.D. Assistant Professor of Gastroenterology
- 2. Clinical History • 60 year-old female – 7 children • 2months ago: Alimentary & biliary vomiting Diarrhea 5 – 6 / day with tenesmus Abdominal pain especially epigastric Relieved by defecation
- 3. Clinical examination • BP 105/70 mmHg • Pulse 90/min • Temperature 37.5 C • Generalized abdominal tenderness • Hepatomegaly (3 fingers width) • Ascites • Continuous murmur in the left fifth inter-costal space
- 4. Laboratory studies • Hemoglobin: 10.7 • Total bilirubin 1.5 (direct 0.7) • Alkaline Phosphatase x 4 ULN • ALAT 43 (N 40) • ASAT 25 (N 38) • PT 60 % • Albumin 3.1 • HBs Ag + • HBe Ag – • Anti HCV –
- 5. Ascitic fluid examination • Total protein 1.3 • Albumin 0.5 • WBC 1 130 Lymphocytes 90% Neutrophils 7 % • RBC 760 • Abnormal cells Negative • KB Negative
- 6. Serum Ascites Albumin Gradient SAAG 3.1 – 0.5 = 2.6 ≥ 1.1 → Portal hypertension
- 7. Endoscopic studies • UGI endoscopy Esophageal varices 1st degree • Colonoscopy Recto-sigmoidal erythema
- 8. Ultrasound exam • Ascites in moderate amount • Splenomegaly 150 mm • Large vessel in splenic hilum • Dilated splenic vein 28 mm • Dilated portal vein 21 mm • Dilated intra-hepatic portal tract • GB sludge • Heterogeneous hepatic echostructure
- 10. Doppler Sonogram • Venous circulation in vessel of splenic hilum • Dilated splenic artery 14 mm • Low RI in SA in hilum 0.42 • RI in intra-splenic arteries 0.61 • Arterialisation of flow in splenic vein • Mean velocity in portal vein 12 cm/sec • Normal hepatic veins Diagnosis: Splenic arterio-venous fistula
- 11. Splenic artery from the celiac trunk
- 12. Splenic artery in the hilum
- 13. Splenic artery in the hilum
- 15. Splenic artery with arterialisation
- 16. Splenic vein behind the pancreas
- 17. Arterigraphy – Splenic artery
- 18. Arteriography – Splenic vein
- 20. Arteriography – Renal arteries
- 21. Surgical intervention • Great amount of ascites • Thrill in the splenic hilum • Severe dilatation of splenic vein in hilum • Ligation of splenic vein proximal to dilatation • Splenectomy • Liver biopsy • Drainage & closure
- 22. Pathological report • Spleen Augmented in volume - WNL • Liver biopsy Chronic hepatitis B G2 - S1
- 23. Post-operative course • Abdominal pain & low grade fever (38.5) • WBC 12 800 (N 77 %) • Abdominal US 1 week post-op: Thrombosis of SV & PV • IV heparin by pomp (1 000 U/h) • Warfarin per os
- 24. Arterio-Portal Fistula Syndrome APFS • Fistula involving one or several arteries & the portal vein or one of its tributaries • Hepatic artery: 65% of cases Splenic artery: 11% of cases SMA or IMA: 24% of cases • Up to 1996, 75 cases of splenic arterio-venous fistula reported in the medical litterature Z Gastroenterol 1996 ; 34 : 234 – 249.
- 25. APFS – Clinical presentation • Asymptomatic • Heart failure Rare Protection of heart by liver • Intestinal ischemia 20 % Steal phenomenon Abd pain- diarrhea - bleeding • Portal hypertension 20 – 40% Splenomegaly – varices – ascites
- 26. APFS – Treatment • Recommended even in asymptomatic patient • Depends on Cause – size of vessels – facilities • Embolization Procedure of choice now Small – intrahepatic – iatrogenic Different materials (Gelfoam-Ballons) • Surgery Large – other traumatic injuries Resection – legation
- 27. Conclusions • When PV > 2 cm we should suspect APFS • Doppler sonogram is a good modality for diagnosis • Splenectomy is an alternative to embolisation in large fistula located in the splenic hilum • Portal hypertention caused by APFS is a curable disorder unlike many of the other causes of PH