Quran and YOU

3
Izp¿B≥ Hcp kXym-tz-jn-bpsS apº-n¬-

44
sN-dn-b-ap-≠w- A-_v-Zp¬- l-ao-Zv- aZn
Izp¿B≥
Hcp kXym-tz-jn-bpsS apº-n¬-
NICHE PUBLICATIONS
P.B No: 832, Poothole, Thrissur - 4.
≥◊G ÖdÉ£d ¿BGô≤dG

66
Cu- tem-IØn-sm-cp- {kjv-Sm-hp-≠v ˛ Po-h≥-
¬-In- hmbp-hpw- sh≈hpw- ku-Icy-s∏Sp-Øn- `q-an-
sb Po-hnX-tbmKy-am-°n-b ]caIm-cp-Wn-Im-b {kjv-
Sm-hv- ˛ mw- Chn--sS Fßs Po-hn-°Wsa∂pw- Cu-
Po-hn-XØn-s‚ ]cae-£yw- Fs¥∂pw- Zq-X∑m¿- ap-
tJ {kjv-Sm-hv- sΩ ]Tn∏n--®p.- Ωp-sS Po-hn-XØn-
s‚ IW°v- acW-tijw- mw- {kjv-Sm-hn-s‚ ap-ºn¬-
t_m-[n-∏n-t°≠n-hcpw.- A∂v- ]p-Wyw- sNbv-Xhv-
kz¿Khpw- ]m-]w- sNbv-Xhv- c-Ihpw- {]Xn-^ew- In-
´pw.- AXn-m¬- {kjv-Sm-hv- Xs‚ Zq-Xcn-eq-sS ¬-In-b
n¿-tZiapkcn-®v- Po-hn-°p-Ibm-Wv- ap-jy-s‚ c£m-
am¿-Kw.-
Ωp-sS tem-I {kjv-Sm-hv- ¬-In-b n¿-tZi kw-
ln-XbmWv- Izp¿-B≥.- ap-lΩZv- _nbn-eq-sS Ah≥-
B ktμiw- ap-jy¿-s°Øn-®p-sIm-Sp-Øp.- CXdn-
™-hcpw- Adn-bm-Øhcpw- ap-°n-Sbn¬- D≠v.- tem-
Isc ap-gp-h≥- {kjv-Sm-hn-s‚ ktμiadn-bn-°¬- AXdn-
™hcp-sS _m-[y-Xbm-Wv.- AXnm-bn- cq-]o-Ir-Xam-
b Hcp- {]kv-Ym-am-Wv- n-®v- Hm-^v- {SqØv.
A√m-lpth,- ns‚ kXyaX ktμi {]N-c-
W-Ønp th≠n-bp≈ Cu Ffnb {iaw Rß-fn¬
n∂v kzoI-cn-t°-W-ta, Zp¿_-e-amb RßfpsS Ic-
ßƒ°v o i‡n ]I-tc-W-ta.... (Bao≥).
amt-P¿

7

88
hnip≤ Izp¿Bns∏‰n hmbn°pItbm tIƒ-°pI-
tbm sN-øm-Øh¿ hfsc Npcpßpw. hninjym, AXns
Ap-Iq-en®pw {]XnIqen®pw [mcmfw {]kwKßƒ S-
°p-∂, teJ-ßfpw {KŸßfpw {]kn≤oI-cn°-s∏-
Sp∂ Cu ImeL´-Øn¬. hnip≤ Izp¿Bns‚ khn-
ti-jXIƒ hniZambn {Kln-°m≥, AXns‚ {]am-Wn-
IXsb]‰n ]q¿Wambn a n-em-°m≥ _rlZv{KŸ-
ß-fpsS klmbw thWw.
Ayqambn, APøambn, bpK∏I¿®Iƒ°v hg-
ßm-sX apjyaxkm£nsb sXm´p-W¿-Øn-s°m-≠v
ne-n¬°p∂ GIssZhnI{KŸsa∂ nebn¬
apkvenw PtImSnIƒ AXns hnizkn®mZcn°p∂p.
PohnX{]amWambn AwKo-I-cn-°p∂p. apkvenw-If-√m-
Ø ]e {]K¬` ]WvUnX∑mcpw hnip≤- Izp¿B≥
]Thnt[bam°pIbpw hnh¿Øßfpw hymJym-
ß-fpw cNn°pIbpw sNbvXn´p≠v. Kmv[nPnbpw hn-
tm-_bpw a‰pw Zm¿inIaqeyap≈ alm{KŸsa∂
ne-bn¬ hnip≤ Izp¿B ns‚ ]Zhn AwKoIcn®-
hcn¬-s]-Sp∂p. AtIw Hmdnb‚ enkv‰pIƒ hnhn[
bq-tdm]y≥ `mjIfnte°v hnip≤Izp¿B≥ `mjm-¥c-
s∏Sp-Ønbn´p≠v. Nne¿ Izp¿Bsbpw Ckveman-s-
Izp¿B≥
Hcp kXym-tz-jn-bpsS apº-n¬-

9
bpw ]‰n Is∏´ IrXnIƒ cNn®n´pap≠v.
]t£, AapkvenwIfn¬ _lp`qcn`mKhpw hnip≤-
Izp¿B-ns Hcp apkvenw]pcmW{KŸw F∂ ne-
bn-¬ am{Xw tm°n °mWp∂hcmWv. Hmtcm
PXbv°pw kz¥ambn sF-Xn-ly-ßfpw ]pcmWßfpw
D≈Xpt]mse apkvenwIƒ°pw H∂p≠v. AXh¿ ]qPn-
®v Bcm[n®psIm≈s´, ap°Xn¬ Imcysam∂p an√
F∂ n wKXm]q¿Wamb ne]mSmWv ]ecpw
sh®p]pe¿Øp∂Xv. Pßƒ k¶pNnXamb kmapZm-
bnIXzØns‚ sh≈w IS°mØ AdIfn¬
H‰s∏´pIgnbp∂ taJeIfn¬ Cu n wKXbpw
DZmko-`mhhpw hfcp∂p. Nnet∏mgXv AhKWbpw
Ah⁄-bpw-hsc FØp∂p.
F∂m¬ ]IzaXnIfpw kXymtzjnIfpamb Hcp
yq-]£w k¶pNnX ho£WßfpsS apJmhcWw
o°n {]hnimeamb taJeIfnte°v kXyw tXSn
]pds∏Smdp≠v. ]t£, Ckvemans]‰n Atzjn°p∂
klrZbcpsS Iøn¬ Nnet∏mƒ am{Xta kXyk-v[-
amb {KŸßƒ FØns∏Smdp≈q. ]et∏mgpw
B[nImcnI⁄man√mØ apkvenw FgpØpIm¿
IpØn-°q´nb A_≤kwlnXItfm Zpjv{]NmcIcmb
FXncmfnIfpsS Zpcp]ZnjvSIrXnItfm Bbncn°pw
Ah¿°v hmbn°m≥ In´p∂Xv. CXv Ahcn¬ Ckvem-
antmSv hnapJX hf¿Øp∂psh¶n¬ Ahsc ]gn®n-
´pImcyan√.
Ckvemans]‰n a nem°m≥ B{Kln°p∂

1010
aebmfnIƒ°v hnip≤Izp¿Bns]‰n {lkzsa-
¶nepw ka{Kamb Hcp hnhcWw ¬IpI F∂Xs{X
Cu eLpIrXnbpsS e£yw.
hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ Ncn{XØn¬
KXImekw`hßfpsS km[pX Xocpamn°p-
∂Xn¬ Ncn{XØnv henb ]¶mWv n¿hln°m-
p≈Xv. thZ{K-Ÿ-ßsf Ncn{XZrjvSym ]cntim[n°p-
tºmƒ Ahbn¬ JWvUn-Xamb Ncn{XtcJIfpsS
]n≥_eap≈Xv hnip≤-Izp¿-B-n∂v am{XamsW∂v
ImWmhp∂XmWv. Imew AhyIvX-XbpsS Icnng¬
hogvØnb ImcWØm¬ ]e aXmNmcy-∑mcpsS
PohnXØnepw Ncn{XtcJIfpsS ]n≥_eans√∂v
h∂ncn°p∂p. DZmlcWambn tamsi, tbip,
{ioIrjvW≥ XpSßnbhsc FSp°mw. blqZ¿
hnizkn°p∂p, tamsi-bmWv temIw I≠ amXrIm-
tbmKymb BNmcys∂v. ss{I-kvXh¿ hnizkn-
°p∂p, Hmtcm apjypw BZn]m]-Øn-¬n∂v tam-
Nw e`n°p∂Xv tbip{InkvXphns‚ Ipcnip-
acWØneqsSbmsW∂v. F√m ∑bpsSbpw iIvXn-
bpsSbpw t{kmX mbn sslμh¿ {ioIrjvWs
ImWp∂p. F∂m¬ tamsitbm, tbipthm IrjvW-
tm Pohn ®nt´ Cs√∂pw Chscms° BcpsStbm
`mhbn¬ cq]w ]q≠ CXnlmkIYm]m{Xßƒ
am{Xam-sW∂pw Ncn{XØns‚ t]cn¬ hmZn°p∂
bpIvXnhmZnIsf tcnSm≥ B[nImcnI Ncn{X-tcJ-
Ifn-√msX IpgßpIbmWv C∂-v blqZcpw ss{IkvX-

11
hcpw sslμhcpsa√mw. apkvenw-Isf kw_v[n®n-
StØmfw tamsi (aqkm _n)-sb∏-‰nbpw tbip
(Cukm _n) sh-∏‰nbpw hnip≤- Izp-¿-B-≥
]Tn∏n°p∂ Imcyßƒ Ah¿ hnizkn°p∂p. hnip≤
Izp¿-B≥ Hcp Ncn{XhkvXpXbpw aplΩZv _n Hcp
Ncn{X-]pcp-j-pamsW∂ ImcyØn¬ Hcp bpIvXn-
hmZnbpw CXphsc X¿°n®n´n√. X¿°n°m≥ ymb-
hpan√. ImcWw, Ncn{X-Øn-s‚ KthjWw SØnbn-
cp-∂n√. Imhyßƒ cNn°pItbm IhnXbn¬
Xm¬]cyw {]I-Sn-∏n-°pItbm sNbvXncp∂n√ At±lw.
sNdp∏Øn¬ BSvta-bv-°epw buhØn¬
hym]mchpambncp∂p At±-lØns‚ sXmgn¬.
m¬]Xmw hb n¬ At±lØnv GIm¥[ym-
Øn¬ Xm¬]cyw tXm∂pIbpw AXnmbn At±lw
a°bnse Hcp Kpl sXcs™Sp°pIbpw sNbvXp.
AhnsSsh®mWv At±lØnv Pn{_o¬ F∂ amemJ
aptJ BZysØ ssZhnI ktμiw e`n®Xv. XnI®pw
BIkvanIambmWv Cu Ap`hap≠mbXv. _n°v
Xs∂ Aºc∏pw Sp°hpw kr-jvSn® Cu kw`hw
At±lØns‚ PohnXØnse am{X-a-√, temI
Ncn{XØnse Xs∂ Hcp hgnØncnhmbncp∂p. atm-
hn-{`m¥nbpsStbm ambnI{`aßf-psStbm Hcp temI-
Øn-te-°√ Cu kw`hw At±lsØ bn®Xv.
temIØnmsI Hcp am¿KZ¿iw ¬IpI:
{]kwKØn¬ am{Xa√ {]tbmK-Øn-epw ssZhln-X-
Ønv km£yw hln°pI F∂ ZuXy-Øn-s‚
hnPbIcamb n¿hlWØnte°v AXv At±l-

1212
Øns‚ PohnXsØ sXmSpØphn´p. XpS¿∂v
Ccp]Ønaq∂v h¿jØnnSbn¬ AtIw XhW
At±lØnv ssZhn-I-k-tμiw e`n®psIm≠ncp∂p.
hnizmkI¿a-cwKßfnse ssZhnIn¿tZ-ißƒ
{IampKXambn At±lØnv tIƒ∏n°s∏´p. Hmtcm
XhWbpw tIƒ∏n°s∏Sp∂ ktμiw At±lw
Pßsf tIƒ∏n®p. Nne¿ hnizkn®p. ]ecpw ntj-
[n®p. Hmtcm kμ¿`Ønepw e`n°p∂ ssZhnI ktμ-
ißf{Xbpw At±lhpw ApbmbnIfpw Bh¿Øn-
®m-h¿Øn®v ]mcmbWw sNbvXv a nepd∏n®p.
]ecpw AXv tcJs∏SpØnsh°pIbpw sNbvXp. hmKv
hnNmcI¿a-ßsf XZSnÿmØn¬ Ah¿
hm¿sØSpØp.
_n CltemIhmkw shSnbp∂Xnv apºv Xs∂
A[ymbßfpw hNßfpw C∂v nehnep≈
{IaØn¬ ]mcmbWw sNbvXpsIm≠v hnip≤ {KŸ-
Øns‚ t{ImUoIrX cq]hpw IqSn ssZhnI n¿tZ-
i{]Imcw temIsØ Adnbn®ncp∂p. ]t£, Izp¿B-
ns‚ apgph≥ `mKßfpw H∂n®v H‰ hmeyambn FgpXn
tcJs∏Sp-Ønbn´p≠mbncp∂n√. _n ]mcmbWw
sNbvXv tIƒ∏n°-p∂ ktμi-ßsf√mw bYm-kabw
]e ApbmbnIfpw FgpXmhp∂ hkvXp-°fnt∑¬
(XpI¬, I√v, F√v apXembh) FgpXnsh-
°mdp≠mbncp∂p. IWniambn lrZnÿam°nbhcpsS
kwJy hfsc IqSpXep ≠mbncp∂p. _nbpsS
hntbmKØnv tijw XmaknbmsX Xs∂ tcJIƒ
HØp-tm°nbpw ax]mTam°nbhscs°m≠v ]cntim-

13
[n∏n®pw hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ enJnXßfpsS B[nImcn-
Iamb t{ImUoIcWw _n bpsS ]n≥Kmanbmb
H∂mw Jeo^ A_q_°dns‚ I¬]{]Imcw
sskZv _n≥ km_nØv F∂ klm_n {]apJs‚
tXrXzØn¬ S∂p. Aßs hnip≤ Izp¿B≥
C∂v ImWp∂ {IaØnepw cq]Ønepap≈ H‰ hmeyam-
bnØo¿∂p. aq∂mw Jeo^ Dkvam≥ AXns‚
]I¿∏pIƒ FSp∏n®v Ckveman-I-cmjv{SØns‚
{]hniym Xeÿm-ßfn-te-s°-√mw Ab®p- sImSp-
Øp. CXns‚ {]XnIƒ C∂pw e`yamWv. C∂v temI-
ØpS-ofw ]mcmbWw sNøs∏Sp∂ tImSn°W-°nv
hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ tIm∏nIƒ B {]mNo ]I¿∏p-Ifp-
ambn Hc£cØnpt]mepw hyXymkan√m-ØXs{X.
apkvenwIƒ FgpXnb Ncn{Xw am{Xa√, hnhn[
aX°mcpw aXhncp≤cpw FgpXnb Ncn{X{KŸ-ßƒ
t]mepw _n bpsSbpw hnip≤ Izp¿Bs‚-bpw
Ncn{X ]cX AwKoIcn°p∂p≠v.
a‰v thZßfpsSbpw ]pcmWßfpsSbpw Ncn{X-
]camb ASnØd ]cntim[n°ptºmƒ Cu hkvXpX
IqSp-X-¬ kv]jv SamIpw. ss__nƒ ]pXnb nbaw
tbip-{InkvXphns‚ hNßfmsW∂Xnv Ncn{X-
tcJIfpsS ]n≥_eans√∂v ss__nƒ Ncn{X-Imc-
∑m¿ Xs∂ kΩXn®n´p≈XmWv. Ncn{X-tcJ-IfpsS
ASnÿmØn¬ B[nImcnIX ÿm]n°mhp∂
]pcmtW Xnlmkßtfm thtZm]nj-Øp-Itfm
Cs√∂ hkvXpX C¥ymNcn{XsØ∏‰n kmamy-[mc-

1414
Wbp-≈h¿s°√mw Adnbmhp∂Xs{X.
khntijXIƒ
Cn ap°v hnip≤ Izp¿Bns‚ khntijXIƒ
Fs¥ms°sb∂v s]mXpsh ]cntim[n°mw. kq£va-
hni-I-ew Hcp eLp{KŸØns‚ ]cn[nbn¬ HXpßp-
∂-Xs√-¶nepw Hcp {KŸsØ∏‰n ]Tn°mp≈
icnbmb Hcp am¿Kw AXns a‰v {KŸßfpambn
XmcXay-s∏SpØpIbs{X. BZyw Ad_n`mjbnep≈
{KŸ-ßƒ, AhbpsS D≈-S°-hpw ssienbpambn
hnip≤ Izp¿Bns‚ D≈S°hpw ssien-bpambn
XmcXayw sNømw.
aplΩZv _n °v apºp≈ Ad_nkmlnXyw
apJyambpw IhnXIfpw tPymXvky∑mcpsS KZyIhnX-
Ifpambncp∂p. ss{IkvXhcpsSbpw blqZcpsSbpw
aX{KŸßfnepw GXmpw cmPimkIfnepw
HXpßn n¬°pIbmbncp∂p A∂sØ KZykm-
lnXyw. IhnXIfpsS D≈S°w aZyw, ImapIn, ]S°p-
Xnc, H´Iw XpSßnbhsb]‰nbp≈ h¿W-tbm, Ihn-
tbm IhnbpsS tKm{Xtam SØnb hoc]cm-{Ia-ßfp-
sS Im¬]nIX Ie¿Ønb hnhcWtam Bbncn°pw.
ImapInbpsS th¿]mSns ]‰nbp≈ hnem]tØm-sSbm-
bncn°pw an° Imhyßf-pw Bcw`n°p∂Xv. A∂sØ
{]kwKIcpsS hnjbßfpw hn`n∂ambncp∂n√.
ss__nƒ ]gb nbaØns‚ hniZoIcWØn¬
Ihn™ aX-km-ln-Xy-ßƒ A∂v D≠mbncp∂n√.
B kmlNcyØnemWv aplΩZv _n°pw At±-

15
lØneqsS apgph≥ temIØnpw A√mlphns‚
hN-ßƒ tIƒ∏n°s∏Sp∂Xv.
]caImcpWnIpw IcpWmn[nbpamb A√mlp-
hns‚ maØn¬
""krjvSnI¿Ømhmb Xm¶fpsS mYs‚ maØn¬
HmXpI. apjys Ah≥ Hcp {`qWØn¬n∂v
krjvSn®p. HmXpI, Xm¶fpsS mY≥ G‰hpw
DZmcmIp∂p. t]-sIm-≠v ]Tn∏n®hmb mY≥.
apjyv Adn™pIqSmØXv Ah≥ ]Tn∏n®p''(Izp¿-
B≥ 96:1˛5).
]caImcpWnImb ssZhØns‚ t]cn¬
Bcw`n°p∂ Hcp kmlnXycq]hpw Atd_yt°m
Ad_nIƒt°m ]cnNnXambncp∂n√. IcpØpw A[n-
]pambn hfcp∂ apjys‚ {`qWmh-ÿ-bn¬-
n∂p≈ Ffnb XpS°-sØ-∏‰n Nn¥n∏n°p∂ KZy]Zy-
ßf-pw Ad_nIƒ tI´n´p≠m-bncp-∂n√. t]bpsS
klmbtØmsS S°p∂ teJ-hnZybmWv F√m
ssh-⁄m-nI- hnImkßƒ°pw imkv{X]p-tcmK-Xn-
°pw hgnsbmcp°p∂ Ap{Klsa∂v Ad_nItfmSv
a‰m-cpw ]d™ncp∂n√. k¿th-m]cn Ad_n`mjbn¬
F°m-eØpw hf¿∂ph∂ F√m kmlnXy-ssienI-
fn-¬n∂pw `n∂amb hnip≤ Izp¿Bns‚ `mjm-
ssien Ad_nIƒ°v Xo¿Øpw A]cnNnXambncp∂p.
AtXm-sSm∏w AXns‚ LSm-sshin-jvSy-hpw cq]-
kuIpamcyhpw BibKmw`ocyhpw A∂sØ Ad_n
kmlnXykmcYnIsf AXv`pXkvX_v[cm°pIbpw

1616
sNbvXp.
Ad_nIƒ°nSbn¬ hf¿∂ nc£cpw
A`ykvX hnZypw kmXznIpamb aplΩZv F∂
hyIvXn m¬]Xmw hb -n¬ XnI®pw Akm[mc-W-
amb Hcp kmlnXyIrXn cNn®psh∂pw AXv kz¥-
sa∂v AhImis∏SmsX ssZhØn-¶¬-n∂v e`n®Xm-
sW∂v I≈w ]d™psh∂pw hmZn-°p-∂Xv bmsXmcp
ymbo-IcWhpw A¿ln°p∂n√. ImcWw Xmsg-°nSbn-
ep≈ Hcp kmlnXyIrXn cNn°p∂ Bƒ-t]m-epw Xs‚
cNbn¬ A`namw sIm≈pIbmWv sNøpI. bm-sXm-
cp almkmlnXyImcpw mfnXphsc kz¥w IrXn
as‰mcmƒ FgpXnbXmsW∂v ]d™v Hgn™n´n√.
Poh≥ A]ISØnemIpsa∂v `bs∏Sptºmg√msX.
F∂m¬ aplΩZv _n°v AØcsamcp kml-Ncy-
ap≠mbncp∂n√. Izp¿B≥ kz¥w IrXnbmsW¶n¬
AXv Xpd∂p]d™m¬ Ad_nIƒ At±lsØ _lp-
aXnIƒ sIm≠v s]mXn-bp-am-bncp∂p. Hcp tKm{XØn¬
Hcp kmlnXyImc≥ hf¿∂p-h∂m-¬ tKm{XamsI A`n-
amw sIm≈p∂ Imeambncp∂p AXv. F∂m-¬ ssZh-
Øns‚ hNw B nebn¬ Xs∂ temI-Øn-s‚
apºm-sI sh°phmmbncp∂p At±lw I¬]n-°-s∏-
´ncp-∂Xv. AXns‚ t]cn¬ {Iqcamb ]cnlmkßfpw
]oU-ßfpw At±lØnv tcntS≠nh∂p. AsX√mw
AhK-Wn®psIm≠v At±lw ZnhyZuXyw ndth‰n.
Ad_v tXm-°ƒ At±lsØ n»-_vZm°m≥
{ian®p. ]cmPbs∏´t∏mƒ Atd_y≥ hnizmk-
]mcºcyßƒ-°p-cq]-ambn Izp¿Bn¬ t`ZKXnIƒ

17
hcp-Øm≥ At±ltØmSv Bhiys∏´p. AXnv
ssZhnIamb {]XnIcWw C{]Im-cam-bncp∂p.
""ΩpsS kv]jvSamb ZrjvSm¥ßƒ ]mcmbWw
sNbvXv tIƒ∏n°s∏´t∏mƒ mapambp≈ kamKaw
B{Kln°m-Ø-h¿ ]d™p: o thsdmcp Izp¿B≥
sIm≠-phcq As√¶n¬ CXn-¬ t`ZKXnIƒ hcpØq
F∂v. Xm¶ƒ ]dbq: Fn°v kz-¥w hIbmbn CXn¬
am‰w hcpØm-sm-°p-Ibn√. Fn-°v ¬Is∏Sp∂
ktμisØ Ap[mhw sNøpI am{Xam-Wv Rm≥
sNøp∂Xv. Xo¿®bmbpw Rm≥ `bs∏Sp∂p; F-s‚
mYs. Rm≥ [n°cn°pI-bmsW¶n¬ `b¶camb
Hcp ZnhksØ in£ Rm≥ Ap`hnt°-≠n-hcp-
sa∂v. Xm¶ƒ ]dbq: A√mlp-hns‚ lnXw adn®m-
bncps∂¶n¬ RmnXv nßsf hmbn®v tIƒ∏n-
°n√mbncp∂p. Ah≥ nß-sf CXv Adnbn-°p-Ibp-
an√mbncp∂p. Rm≥ nßƒ°nSbn¬ CXn-v apºv
AtI-h¿jw {]hmNIXzw hmZn°msX, ssZ-hn-I
ktμiw tIƒ∏n-°m-sX Ign®pIq´nbn´p≠t√m. nß-
sf-¥m Nn¥n°m ØXv? ssZhØns‚ t]cn¬ I≈w
sI´n-®-a°pItbm, ssZhn IZr-j-vS-m¥ßsf
X≈n∏dbpItbm sNb-vX-hs°mƒ henb A{Ia-
Imcn Bcp≠v? Ip‰hmfnIƒ hnPbw {]m]n°pIbn√,
Xo¿®''(Izp¿-B≥ 10:15˛17).
Atd_y≥ PohnXsØbmsI Iogvta¬adn® Izp¿-
BnI PohnXZ¿iw Izp¿Bns‚ AampjnIX
sIm-≠pw AXn-s‚ ktμihmlImb aplΩZv
_nbpsS hyIvXn-Xz Øns‚ AXpeyX sIm≠pw

1818
am{XamWv kmh[m-Øn-se¶nepw ]IzaXnIfmb
]escbpw BI¿jn®Xv. A_q-_-°¿ At±lam-bncp-
∂p aplΩZob {]hmNIXzhpw Izp¿B-ns‚ ssZhnI-
Xbpw AwKoIcn® BZysØ ]pcpj≥˛ ho´p-ap‰ Øncp-
∂v Izp¿B≥ ]mcmbWw sNøptºmƒ AXv tIƒ-°m-
≥ AtIw t]¿ k∂nlnXcmIpambncp∂p. Ahcn¬
]e-cpw Izp¿Bn¬ BIrjvScmbn CkvemwaXam-
t«jn®p. CXv A_q_°dntmSv Ad_n {]amWnam-
¿°v ISpØ Cu¿-jy tXm∂m≥ ImcWambn.
F∂m¬ ]pØ≥aXØns‚ _≤sshcnIfmbncp∂
Atd-_y≥ bmYmÿnXnI∑m¿°v t]mepw hnip≤-Izp¿-
B-n-s‚ amkvacnI{]`mhw I≠ns√∂v Sn°m≥
Ign™n√. heoZp_vpapKod F∂ Jpssdin{]am-
WnbpsS Imcyw CXnv sXfnhmWv. Abmƒ Hcn°¬
_n bpsS ASpØpsN∂p. _n Abmsf
GXmpw Izp¿B≥ hNßƒ tIƒ∏n®p. Abmƒ°Xv
lrZyambn Ap`hs∏´t]mse tXm∂n. Cu hnhcw
as‰mcp {]amWnbmb A_qPl¬ tI´p. Abmƒ°Xv
ckn-®n√. A_qPl¬ heoZns‚ ASpØpsN∂n´v
]d™p: ""Fs‚ ]nXrhym, Xm¶ƒ aplΩZns‚
ASpØp-sN∂v AbmfpsS hm°pIƒ°v hiwhZm-
ImsX Ign°msa¶n¬ Xm¶fpsS m´pIm¿ Xm¶ƒ°v
]Ww tiJcn®pXcm≥t]mepw Xb-mdmWv''. heoZv
{]XnhNn®p: ""Jpssdiv tKm{XØndn-bm--at√m
RmmWv Ahcn¬ G‰hpw kº∂s∂v''.- A_q-P-
l¬ ]d™p: ""AXp sIm≠mbn√. Xm¶ƒ Hcp
{]kvXmh S-ØWw. aplΩZns Xm¶ƒ

19
shdp°p∂psh∂v AXn-¬-n∂v hyIvXamhWw''. heo-
Zns‚ {]XnIcWw Cßsbm-bn-cp∂p ""Rms¥mWv
]dbpI? ssZhsØbmWv! IhnX-bpsS Ahm¥c
hn`mKßsf∏‰n Fs∂°mƒ Adnbmhp∂ B-cpw
nßfpsS Iq´Ønen√. ssZhsØbmWv! aplΩZv
]dbp∂Xv Cu Iq´Ønsem∂pw s]´X√. ssZh
sØbmWv! Aho ]dbp∂ hm°nv a[pcnabp≠v.
tamSnbp≠v. AXv ASn apX¬ apSnhsc kp-^eamWv.
kar≤amWv. AXv Dbcpw. AXns adnIS°mmhn√.
AXnv Xmsgbp≈Xnssbms° AXv X´nØ-
I¿°pw''. A_qPl¬ ]d™p: ""aplΩZns hna¿-
in®p-sIm≠v {]kvXmh SØmsX m´pIm¿°v
Xm¶sf-∏‰n Xr]vXnhcpIbn√''. heoZv BtemNn°m≥
A¬]w kabw tNmZn®p. A¥cw Abmƒ {]Jym-
]w SØn: ""CsXmcp PmehnZyam{XamIp∂p''. heoZn-
s‚ Cu Ahkc hmZw hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ 74˛mw
A[ymbØn¬ sXmenbpcn®p ImWn®n´p≠v.
Jeo^ Da¿ Ckvemw aXw Bt«jn® kw`hw
Ncn{X {]kn≤amWv. _n sb h[n°phm≥ th≠n
hmfp-ta¥n ]pds∏´ Dadnv hgnat[y hnip≤ Izp¿B-
ns‚ GXmpw `mKßƒ tIƒ°mnSbmbtXmsS
amkm¥cap≠m-IpI-bm-Wv sNbvXXv.
aplΩZv _nbpsSbpw ApNc∑mcpsSbpw
PohnX--Øn-s‚ hnhn[ apJßtfmSpw kapNnXambn
kwhZn-°p∂ Xm-bncp∂p Hmtcm kμ¿`Ønepw
ssZhØn¶¬n∂v AhX-cn∏n-°s∏´ hNßƒ.
{]Xnkv[nbpsS Hmtcm L´Ønepw ssZ-hnI ktμiw

2020
Ahsc ]cnlmcØnte°v bn®p. kwib-Øn-s‚
thfIfn¬ AXh¿°v kpnivNnX [mcWIƒ ¬-
In. AKvn]co£Iƒ°v apºn¬ AXh¿°v
BXvahocyw ]I-¿-∂p. AhcpsS PohnX ho£WØnv
AXv A¿Y-hpw {]kIvXnbpw ssIhcpØn. mKcn-
IXIfpsS Db¿®-XmgvN-Isf ]‰nbp≈ ]mTßfneqsS
AXh¿°v km¿hImenI km¿h-euInI [mcW
¬In. tkzNvOm[n]XnIfpsS ]X-Øn-s‚bpw
kmXznI∑mcpsS sFXnlmknI hnPb-ßfp-sSbpw
ZrjvSm¥ßfneqsS AXhcn¬ BXvat_m[hpw
DXvI¿-tjNvObpw hf¿Øn.
Izp¿B≥ krjvSn® AXv`pXw
Izp¿Bn∂v apºpw Izp¿Bn∂v ]nºpap≈
Atd_y≥ PXsb∏‰n hkvXpnjvTamb Hcp
nco£Ww SØnbm¬ Ncn{XØn¬ XpeyXbn√mØ
]cnh¿ØamWv Izp¿B≥ Dfhm°nbXv F∂v ap°v
t_m[ys∏Spw. hnip≤Izp¿B≥ AhXcn®v
XpSßptºmƒ AYhm Izp¿Bnse BZyhNw
hmbn®v tIƒ∏n°s∏Sptºmƒ Ad_nIfpsS ne
AXy¥w timNobambncp∂p. kmºØnIambn H´pw
`{Zambncp∂n√ AhcpsS ne. IsÆØmØ
aW¬∏c∏nnS°v A]q¿h-ambn Xg®pn¬°p∂
acp∏®Iƒ sIm®ptKm{X-ßƒ°p-t]mepw kmºØnI
kzbw]cym]vXX ¬Ipambncp∂n√. hym]mcku-
Icyßƒ AwKpeo]cnanXamb ]´Wßfnep-≈-h¿°v
am{Xsa kpÿnXn ¬Inbncp∂p≈q. Imem-hÿ-

21
bpsS {]mXnIqeyw nanØw ÿnchmktam nbXamb
Irjnk{ºZmbtam {]mIrXAd_nIƒ°v hn[n°s∏´-
Xmbncp-∂n√. hnZym`ymkw, NnInXvk, kmt¶XnI-
hnZyIƒ XpSßnb cwKßfnsems° ]qPyw Un{Knbn¬
Xs∂-bmbn-cp∂p Ah¿. cmjv{Sobamtbm ssknI-
amtbm Ah¿ kwL-Sn-Xcmbncp∂n√. Hmtcm tKm{X-
tØbpw kmaqlyambn DtØ-Pn∏n®ncp∂ iIvXn Xß-
fpsS ]nXm°fpw {]]nXm°fpw SØnb hoc]cm-
{IaßfpsS tImcnØcn∏n°p∂ IYIfmbncp∂p. B
IYIƒ tI´v hf¿∂ ]pXnb Xeapdbv°v
i{XptKm{Xßfpambn G‰pap´phm≥ ]dbØ-°-Im-
cWsam∂pw thWsa∂n√mbncp∂p. AhcpsS aXßƒ
A_≤PSneamb Av[hnizmkßfnepw BXvamhv
jvSs∏´ BNmcßfnepw HXpßnn∂p. B Ahÿ
i{Xp°ƒ ∂mbn NqjWw sNbvXp. FtXym]ybpw
t]¿jybpw tdma°mcpsa√mw hnhn[ Ad_v-
taJeIfpsS ta¬ {]Xy£amtbm ]tcm£amtbm
B[n]Xyw Dd∏n®ncp∂p.
Cn Cu ImeL´Øn¬ a‰v tZißfpsSbpw cmjv{S-
ßfp-sSbpw ÿnXn tm°mw.
imkv{Xw, Z¿iw, Ncn{Xw XpSßnb hnjbßfn¬
temI-Ønv Xs∂ tXrXzw ¬Im≥ am{Xw hf¿∂-
hcm-bncp∂p A∂-sØ {Ko°pIm¿. A∂sØ
AeIvkm≥{Unb (Cu-Pn-]vXv) Gjym{^n°≥-
taJebnse G‰hpw henb kmw-kv°m-cnItI{μ-ambn-
cp∂p. q‰m≠pIfpsS cmjv{So-b-mbIXzw am{Xa√
A∂-sØ tdma≥ km{am-Py-Øn-p≠mbncp∂Xv.

2222
imkv{X kmt¶XnI cwKßfnepw tdma°m¿ AXnIm-
b∑m¿ Xs∂bmbncp∂p. Zm¿inI∑mcpsSbpw aXm-
Nmcy-∑mcpsSbpw mSmbn cp∂ t]¿jy
cmjv{SobcwKØv tdman∂v kaio¿jambncp∂p. A∂-
sØ C¥y°m¿ KWnXimkv{X, X¿°imkv{X
cwKßfnepw, aXZm¿inI taJeIfnepw Hu∂Xyw
{]m]n®hcmbncp∂p.
F∂n´v Izp¿B≥ F¥mWv sNbvXXv? hv[yhpw
Dujchpamb acp`qanbpsS a°sf kwkv°mcßsf
sh√p∂ Hcp ]pXnb kwkvImcØns‚ hmlI∑m-
cm°n. tKm{X-Ie-l-ßfn¬ XΩn¬ X√nXI¿∂ncp∂
Hcp PXsb GIssZhØns‚ GI a p≈
Zmk∑mcm°n am‰n-sb-Sp-Øp. `qXt{]XmZnIsf am{X
a√, {]amWnIsfbpw t]m°ncnIsfbpw t]mepw
`b∂pNqfp hm≥ hn[n°s∏´ Hcp ]oVnXh¿KsØ
km{amPyßsf {]I ºw sIm≈n°p∂ tPXm°fmbn
Db¿Øn. Nn´bpw N´ßfpan√mØ Ad_v Pohn-XØnv
bpKm¥cßƒ°n∏pdhpw i_fna jvS-s∏-Sm-Ø Hcp
nbahyhÿ ¬In. ]m]˛]pWyßsf ]‰ntbm [¿a-
˛A[¿a-ßsf∏‰ntbm [mcWbn√mØ PohnXm
kIvXnbm¬ am{Xw bn°s∏´ncp∂ Hcp PXsb
AXv Xmfw sX‰msX [¿a-njvTamb PohnX]mXbn-
te°v bn®p. GI ssZh hnizmkØn¬ A[njvTnX-
amb Izp¿B-n-I-PohnXZ¿iØnv Hcp PXsb
alXzØns‚ F{X am{Xw D∂Xamb inJcßfnte°v
bn°m≥ Ignbpsa∂v temIw A∂v I≠p.
{]mIrXmhÿbn¬n∂v hnip≤ Izp¿B≥

23
hf¿ØnsbSpØ Atd_y≥ aWemcWyØns‚
DujcXbn¬n∂v aplΩZv _n hm¿sØSpØ
ssZh-Øm¬ Iq´nbnW°s∏´ B Phn`mKØns‚
B¿Phhpw BXvahocyhpw I≠v Aºc∂v n¬°mt
tdma≥ bh t]¿jy-≥ `mcXob mKcnIXIfpsS
mbI∑m¿°v A∂v Ign-™p≈q. hnip≤ Izp¿B-
ns‚ ssZhnIX AwKoIcn-°m-≥ aSnbp≈ Ncn{X-
Imc∑m¿t]mepw Ggmw q‰m≠n¬ kmwkvI-mcnI-
kmaqly cmjv{Sob cwKßfn emsI hnkvabm-hlhpw
sFXnlmknIhpamb apt∂‰w SØnb Ad_n-IfpsS
ap-∂n¬ angn®pn∂n´p≠v. aplΩZv _n sb ]‰n
]pe-`yw ]dbm≥ aSn°mØ F®v.Pn. sh¬kv F∂
Ncn{XImc-≥-t]mepw Izp¿Bns‚ ApbmbnIƒ
A∂v S-Ønb Ncn{XØn¬ XpeyXbn√mØ
ssP{Xbm{Xsb∏‰n hnkvab-]q¿h-w ]cma¿in°m≥
n¿_v[Xn-mbn´p≠v.
Izp¿B≥ F¥psIm≠v AXpeyw?
ssh⁄mnI hnkvt^mSw F∂v hnfn°s∏Sp∂
{]Xn`mkw temIØv AXv`pXßƒ hncnbn®psIm≠n-
cn-°p∂ Cu ImeØv Ggmw q‰m≠nse Hcp Ad_n
{KŸØns‚ AXpeyXsb∏‰n ]dbp∂Xv Nne¿°v
]cnlmkyambn tXm∂ntb°mw. smt_¬ kΩmw
tSnb kmlnXyIrXn-IfpsSbpw imkv{Xkn≤m-
¥ßfp-sSbpw apºn¬ Hcp aX-{KŸ--Øns‚ {]kIvXn
]mtS ntj[n°p∂-hcp≠m-tb-°mw.
F∂m¬ e£WbpIvXamb Hcp {KŸ-sØ∏-‰n-

2424
bp≈ ssZhn Ihn`mhbpsS ASnÿmØn¬ hnip≤
Izp¿Bns‚ AbeØv n¬°m≥ tbmKyamb Hcp
IrXnt]mepw B[pnI bpKØn¬ shfn®w I≠n-
ńs√∂v kq£va hniIeØn¬ hyIvXamIpw. Hcp
{KŸw e£WbpIvXamIm≥ F¥v thWw?
""B {KŸw, AXn¬ kwiban√. [¿a-njvT¿°v
AXv am¿K Z¿iIas{X'' (Izp¿-B≥ 2:1)
PohnXØns‚ t¿°v c≠pXcw ho£mKXnIƒ
sh®p ]pe¿Øp∂hcp≠v. H∂v, P¥pklPamb
hy{KXtbmsS PohnX kpJßƒ hmcn°q´phm≥
{ian°p∂h¿. G‰hpw BkzmZyamb Blmc
]mobßfpw {ihy˛Zriy atmlmcnXIfpw ssewKnI
tNjvSIfpambncn°pw AhcpsS PohnX ho£W-
Øn¬ anI®p n¬°p∂Xv. kz¥w Xm¬]cy-
ØnpXIp∂Xmbn tXm∂p∂ sX√mw Ah¿°v bp-IvX-
ambncn°pw. c≠v, AXncpw FXncpan√m Ø Pohn-
XXrjvW A]ISØntet° bn°pIbp≈qsh∂pw
PohnXw [m¿anIXbpsS N´°qń¬ {IaoIcns®¶nte
alXzw ssIhcn°mmIq F∂pw a nem°nbh¿.
H∂masØ hn`mKsØ bn°p∂Xv £WnI hnImc-
ßfpw Xm¬°menI em`Nn¥bpamsW¶n¬ c≠mw
hn`m-K-sØ bn°p∂Xv hnthIhpw Zo¿LZr-jvSnbp-
ambncn°pw.
hnthIimenIfmb Cu hn`mKw Ft∏mgpw [¿a-
Øns‚ shfn®w tXSp∂hcmbncn°pw. Ccpń¬n∂v
shfn®Øn-te-°v F∂Xmbncn°pw AhcpsS
ap{ZmhmIyw. CØc°m¿°v hgn Im´m≥ km[n°p∂Xv

25
F∂v n tμlw AhImi-s∏-Sp∂ {KŸw GXp≠v?
CXmWv {]ivw. hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ AhImis∏Sp∂p:
apjycpsS hmKvhnNmcI¿a-ßƒ A[¿a-Ønte°v
hyXnNen°ptºmƒ Ahsc hos≠SpØv [¿aØns‚
shfn®Ønte°v Bbn°m≥ AXnv km[n°psa∂vv.-
thsd GXv {KŸØnv Cßs AhImis∏Smm-
Ipw? aX Zm¿inIhnjbßfnepw imkv{X kmln-
Xyhn`mK-ßfn-ep-ambn tImSmptImSn {KŸßƒ
hnhn[ `mjIfnembn temIØps≠∂Xv icnbmWv.
Ahsbms° BfpIƒ°v Adnhpw Ap`qXnIfpw
]I¿∂psImSp°p∂pap≠v. F∂m¬ Adnhnt°mfpw
Ap`qXntb°mfpw D∂Xamb k∑m¿K- Nn¥
¬Ip∂Xn¬ Ahbv°v F{Xam{Xw ka{KXbpw
kºq¿WXbpw AhImis∏SmmIpw? ss__nfpw
KoXbpw sk¥v AshkvXbpw a‰pw aX {KŸßsf∂
nebn¬ Cu cwKØv NnesXms° sNøp∂p≠v.
F∂m¬ ssZhnI-Zo]vXnbpambn apjya ns kZm
_v[n∏n®psIm≠v PohnXsØ Baqem{Kw
kwkvIcn°phmp≈ ka{Kamb nban¿tZ-ißƒ
Ah Dƒs°m≈p∂ns√∂v kcfamb XmcXayw
sIm≠pXs∂ kv]jvSamIpw.
Izp¿B≥ tIhew Nne ]qPm{Iaßfpw {]m¿Y-m
k¶o¿Ø ßfpw ASßp∂ {KŸa√. apjy PohnX-
sØ {Kkn°mhp ∂ F√m Xn∑Isf∏‰nbpw hyIvX-
amb Xm°oXv AXn¬ ASßnbn´p≠v. Ip‰hmfnIsf
ImØncn°p∂ ssZhnI in£bpw, Ip‰ IrXyßƒ°v
`cWIqSw ¬tI≠ `uXnI in£bpw hnip≤

2626
Izp¿B≥ hnhcn°p∂p. CS]mSpIƒ hnizkvXXtbmsS
SØphmp≈ [m¿anI am¿KZ¿ihpw ]WanS-
]mSpIfn¬ I£nIƒ XΩn¬ X¿°ßƒ DXv`hn-
°mXncn°p∂Xnpth≠ {]mtbmKnI n¿tZ-ißfpw
Hcpt]mse Izp¿B≥ Dƒs°m≈p∂p. hnhmlw kpZr-
-Vamb Icm¿ F∂ nebn¬ ImØpkq£n °mp≈
[m¿antIm¬t_m[hpw IpSpw_hg°pIƒ cayambn
]d™pXo¿°p∂Xnp≈ {]mtbmKnI S]Sn-
{Iaßfpw Izp¿Bn¬ ImWmw. Bcm[m{Iaßsf
bm{¥n-Iamb ApjvTmßfmbn´√ hnip≤
Izp¿B≥ AhXcn-∏n°p∂Xv. PohnXsØ kzNvOhpw
n¿aehpw Ah{I-hpambn nen¿Øm≥ klm-bn-°p-
∂ [m¿anI {]tNmZtm-]m[nIsf∂ ne-bnemWv a-
kv-Imcw ({]m¿Y-) k°mXv (n¿-_v[ Zmw), {hXw,
lPvPv (a°bnte°p≈ Xo¿-YmSw) F∂o Imcyßsf
Izp¿B≥ AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv. hnImc-hnNmcßsf
ip≤am°mØ, kzm¿Y-w o°mØ, tkhaÿnXn
hf¿ØmØ bm{¥nIamb akvI-mcw ({]m-¿Y-) mi-
Øn-t DXIq F∂v Izp¿B≥ Xm°oXv ¬-Ip∂p.
ssewKnI AcmPIXz-ØnsXncn¬ am{Xa√, A]-hmZ-
{]NmcWØn-sXncnepw kz`mhlXys°Xncnepw IqSn
kacw {]Jym-]n®p-sIm≠v D≈pw ]pdhpw Hcpt]mse-
ip≤amb kaqlØns‚ krjvSn°v Bhiyamb
D]m[nIƒ Izp¿B≥ hc®pIm´p∂p.
ùXnIhpw AùXnIhpw
ùXnI{]]©Øn¬ apjy≥ Is≠Øp∂
P¥p°ƒ-t°m kkyßƒt°m n¿÷-oh ]Zm¿Y-

27
ßƒt°m sX‰v sNøm-≥ Ignbn√. h©n°mmhn√.
I≈w ]dbm≥ km[n-°n√. A[¿aw {]h¿Øn°m≥
Ahbvs°m∂pw kzmX-{¥y-an√. Hmtcm∂pw AhbpsS
[¿a-w bYmhn[n n¿h-ln°p∂p. ap-jy≥ CXn¬
ns∂√mw hyXykvXs{X! kzX{¥amb Nn¥,
kzX{¥amb hm°v, kzX{¥amb {]h¿Øw: AXs{X
Ah-s‚ khntijX. ùXnItemIØv apjyv
am{Xw e`n-® Cu kzmX{¥y sØ∏‰n Ah≥ icnbmw-
hÆw Nn¥n-®m-¬ Ahs‚ AkvXnXz]camb _m[yX-
Iƒ Ahv Is≠ØmmIpw. {]IrXym A[¿a-w
{]h¿Øn°m≥ kzmX-{¥y-an√mØ krjvSnIƒ°v
{]tXyI am¿KZ¿iØns‚ Bh-iy-an√. AYhm
AhbpsS {]IrXntbmsSm∏w AhbpsS am¿Khpw
n¿Wbn°s∏ńcn°p∂p. A[¿a-w {]h¿Øn°m≥
kzmX{¥yap≈ apjyv am¿KZ¿iw thWw. ùXnI-
⁄mw t¿hgn ImWn°m≥ ]cym]vXamhn√.
hnhml-amtWm hy`nNmcamtWm apjy [¿asa∂v
ùXnIimkv{Xw ]Tn∏n°p∂n√. oXntbm Ao-
Xntbm, kXytam AkXytam, Imcp-Wy-tam {IqcXtbm
GXmWv [¿asa∂v ùXnIambn sXfnbn-°pI
km[ya√. ùXnI {]]©sØ∏‰n ]Tn°m≥ ssZhw
apjyv ¬Inb IgnhpIƒ Izp¿B≥ Nnt¥m±o-
]Iamw-hn[w Nq≠n°m´p∂p≠v. aw, hN-w,
teJw F∂o amhnI IgnhpIsf ssZhØns‚
Aaqey-amb Ap-{K-lßsf∂ nebn¬ Izp¿B≥
AhXcn∏n°pIbpw B IgnhpIƒ Zmw sNbvXXnv
{kjvSmhntmSv μn {]ISn∏n°m≥ Blzmw sNøp-

2828
Ibpw sNøp∂p.
F∂m¬ kXyhpw AkXyhpw hnthNn®dntb≠
n¿Wmb IcwKßfn¬ AùXnI tI{μßfn¬n∂v,
{]]©mYn¬ n∂v am¿KZ¿iw e`ns®¶ne√msX
apjyv t¿hgn Is≠Ømmhn√. ImemIme-ß-
fn¬ hnhn[ tZißfn¬ nbpIvXcmb {]hmNI-
∑mcneqsS A√mlp apjy¿°v AùXnI-amb
am¿KZ¿iw ¬In. B am¿KZ¿iw kzoIcn®h¿°v
AhcpsS PohnXsØ hnip≤ambn ImØpkq£n°m≥
km[n®p. kz¥w Adnhn¬ Al¶cn®h¿°v A[¿-
aßfneqsS A[x]Xn°mmbncp∂p hn[n. [mcmfw
Ncn{X-kw`hßfpsSbpw PohnXZrjvSm-¥ßfp-sSbpw
shfn®Øn¬ Izp¿B≥ Cu hkvXpX ka¿Y-n°p∂p.
am¿KZ¿iw {]tbmPs∏SWsa¶n¬ Izp¿B≥
Nq≠n°mWn°p∂ Anhmcy D]m[n apjy≥
ssK_n¬- (AùXnI kXyßfn¬) hnizkn-°W-
sa∂p≈XmWv. ap-jyv kz¥w ⁄mØn¬ aXn∏p-
≠mIWsa∂v Xs∂-bmWv Izp¿B≥ ]Tn∏n-°p-∂Xv.
AtXmsSm∏w k¿h-⁄-m-b ssZhØns‚ BXy-¥n-
I⁄mØns‚ k¿thm∂X-ÿm-hpw apjy≥
AwKoIcn°Ww. {XnIme⁄mnbmb ssZhØnv
am{Xsa sX‰v]‰mØ am¿K-n¿tZ-iw ¬-Im≥
A¿lXbpw AhImihpw D≈qsh∂XmWv Izp¿-B-
n-s‚ ne]mSvv.
""BZanv Ah≥ "t]cp'Isf√mw ]Tn∏n®p'' (Izp¿-
B≥ 2:31).-

29
""apjys Ah≥ krjvSn®p. Ah∂v Bib-
{]Imiw ]Tn∏n®p'' (Izp¿-B≥ 55:3,4).
""t] sIm≠v ]Tn∏n®h≥, apjyv Adn™p-
IqSmØXv Ah≥ ]Tn∏n®p'' (Izp¿-B≥ 96:4,5).-
""nßƒ Hcp Imcyw shdptØ°mw. bYm¿Y-Øn¬
AXv nßƒ°v KpWIcambncn°pw. nßƒ Hcp
Imcyw CjvSs∏ t´°mw. bYm¿Y-Øn¬ AXv nßƒ-
°v tZmjIcamtb°mw. A√mlp Adnbp∂p. nßƒ
Adnbp∂n√'' (Izp¿-B≥ 2:216).-
""Xm¶ƒ ]dbq, BXvamhv Fs‚ mYs‚ ImcyØn-
¬-s]-´-XmIp∂p. ⁄mØn¬ n∂v A¬]w am{Xsa
n-ß-ƒ°v ¬I-s∏´n´p≈q'' (Izp¿-B≥ 17:85).
""nßƒ°v Fs‚ am¿KZ¿iw hs∂Øptºmƒ
B am¿-K-Z¿iw ]n¥pScp∂Xmtcm Ah¿°v bmsXm-
cp `bhp-an√. Ah¿ ZpxJnt°≠nhcnIbpan√'' (Izp¿-
B≥ 2:38).-
C∂v temIØnv tcn´ G‰hpw henb Zpc¥w `u-
XnI ⁄m-Ønv am{Xw AwKoImcw ¬IpIbpw
ap-jys t¿--hgnbnte°v bn°p∂ ssZhnI-ktμi-
sØ AK-Wy-tImSn-bn¬ X≈pIbpw sNbvXXmsW∂v
h¿ØamIme kw`hßƒ kq£vaambn nco£n-
°p∂h¿°v hyIvXamIpw.
Ncn{Xw Izp¿Bn¬
hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ Hcp Ncn{X{KŸa√. F∂m¬ ap-
jy cminsb Ccp´pIfn¬n∂v shfn®Ønte°v sIm-

3030
≠phcm≥ th≠n AhXcn∏n°s∏´ Hcp {KŸØnv
`qX-Ime-Ncn{X-sØ AhKWn®psIm≠v `mhnsb∏‰n
]dbmmhn√. ]q¿h-Ime-{]hmNI∑mcpsS {]t_m-
[Øns‚bpw {]hmNI-∑m-cpsS {]XntbmKnIfpsS
{]XnIcWßfpsSbpw Ncn{X-Øn-¬-n∂v ]mTapƒ-s°m-
≈m≥ klmbn°pIsb∂XmWv Izp¿B-nse
Ncn{XIYØns‚ e£yw.
Izp¿B≥ AhXcn∏n°s∏-S-p∂ ImesØ Ncn{X-
sa∂m¬ kXy-sØ°mƒ AkXyØnv ap≥Xq°ap≈
CXnlm-kß-fmbncp∂p. Ad_n°YItfmfans√¶nepw
AanXh¿W--Ifp-sSbpw AXnitbmIvXnIfpsSbpw
Ie¿∏v [mcmfw tN¿∂Xv Xs∂bmbncp∂p ss__nƒ
IYIfpw. F∂m¬ hnip≤ Izp¿-Bns‚ Ncn{X-
hnhcWw CXn¬n∂pw XnI®pw hyXykvX-amWv.
AXn¬ B[pnI-Ncn{Xho£Ww sh®ptm°nbm¬
sX‰msW∂v sXfnbn°mhp∂ Imcyßsfm∂pw
Xs∂bn√. {]]t©m¬]Ønsb ]‰nbpw aptjym-
¬]Ønsb]‰nbpw ss__nƒ ]gb nbaØnep≈
Ahnizkobamb ]cma¿-i-ßsfm∂pw hnip≤
Izp¿Bn¬ Cs√∂Imcyw {]kvXm-hyamIp∂p.
ss__nfpw X¬aqZpw a‰pw ]mcmbWw sNbvXn´v
AXn-s‚ shfn®Øn¬ aplΩZv _n kz¥ambn
hncNn®-XmWv hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ F∂ hna¿iIcpsS
hmZØnv iIvXamb adp]Sn IqSnbmWv Izp¿B-
nsebpw ss__nfnsebpw Ncn{X-]camb ]cma¿-
ißƒ XΩnep≈ auenIamb A¥cw.
D-Zm-l-c-W-am-bn,- Rm-b¿- ap-X¬- sh-≈n-Iq-Sn-b- B-dv-

31
Zn-h-k-ß-fn-em-bn- ssZ-hw- {]-]-©-kr-jv-Sn- -S-Øn-b- ti-
jw- G-gmw- Znhkw- tPm-en-bn¬-n-∂v- n-hr-Øm-bn- hn{i-
an-®p-sh-∂pw- A∂m-Wv- i-∫-Øv- F-∂p-am-Wv- D¬-]-Øn-
]p-kv-X-I-Øn¬- (ss_-_nƒ- ]-g-b- n-b-aw) -tc-J-s∏-Sp-
Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xv.- F-∂m¬- hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B-n¬- {]-]-©-
sØ- B-dv- "bu-ap'-I-fn-em-°n- krjv-Sn-®p-sh-∂v- am{X-sa-
]-d-™n-´p-≈q- (Izp¿B≥- 7:-54,- 10:-3,- 11:-7,-25:-59,- 32:-4,- 50:-
38,- 57:-4)- "buw'- F-∂m¬- B-gv-N-bn-se- H-cp- Zn-h-k-a-√,-
A-Xn-Zo¿-L-am-b- Hcp- Im-e-b-f-hm-sW-∂pw- Izp¿B≥- hy-
Iv-X-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v.- {]-]©-sØ- kr-jv-Sn-®n-´v- ssZ-hw- £o-
Wn-°p-∂- {]-iv--ta-bn-s√-∂pw- (AXp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- hn-
{i-a-Øn-s‚ {]-iv--hp-an-√)- Izp¿B≥- kv-]-jvS-am-°n-bn-
´p-≠v (Izp¿B≥- 46:-33).-
{]-hm-N-I-m-b- eq-Øn- (tem-Øv)-s-∏-‰n- ss_-_nƒ-
]-cm-a-¿in-°p-∂-Xv- H-cp-{]-hm-N-I-s‚ a-l-Xz-Øn-tm- km-
[m-c-W-°m-c-s‚- k-`y-X-bv-t°m- n-c-°m-Ø- hn-[-Øn-em-
Wv.- Izp¿B≥- A-t±-l-sØ- hn-ti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv- ssew-
Kn-Ik-Zm-Nm-c-Øn-s‚ {]-t_m-[-I-m-bn-´m-Wv.- b-Av-Iq-_v-
-_n- (bm-t°m-_v-)-sb- ss_-_nƒ- Nn-{Xo-Icn-°p-∂-
Xv- ssZ-h-hp-am-bn- Kp-kv-Xn- -S-Øn-b- ho-c-]-cm-{I-an-bm-bn-
´m-Wv.- Izp¿B≥- A-t±-l-sØ-∏-‰n- hn-h-cn-°p-∂-Xv- A-Xy-
¥w- Xmgv-a-tbm-sS- I-c-™v- I-e-ßn-b- I-Æp-I-fp-am-bn- ssZ-
h-tØm-Sv- {]m¿-Y-n-°p-∂- H-cp- hn-o-XZm-k-m-bn-´m-Wv.-
{]-]-t©m¬-]-Øn- kw-_-‘n-®pw- a-p-tjym¬-]-Øn-
kw-_-‘n-®pw- ss_-_nfn¬-- ]-c-∂p-In-S-°p-∂- hn-Nn-{X-
am-b- hn-h-c-W-ß-fpw- I-W-°p-I-fpw- hn-ip-≤- Izp¿Bn-
en-s√-∂v- am-{X-a-√,- B[p-n-I- im-kv-{X-Pv-R-∑m-sc- t]m-

3232
epw- A-º-cn-∏n-°p-∂- A-yq--X-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn- hn-ip-≤-
Izp¿B≥- {]m-]-©n-I- {]-Xn-`m-k-ß-fn-te-°v- shfn-®w- h-
o-ip-∂p-≠v F-∂-Xpw- hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B-n-s‚ A-am-p-jn-
I-X-°v- D-Ø-a-Zr-jv-Sm-¥-a-s{X.-
Izp¿B-n-I- Zr-jv-Sm-¥-ßƒ-
hn-ip-≤- Izp¿-B≥- a-p-jy-a-- n-tm-Sv- kw-km-cn-°p-
∂-Xv- A¤p-X-ßƒ-sIm-≠v- A-`ym-kw- Im-Wn-°p-∂- C-
Xn-lm-kI-Ym-]m-{Xß-sf- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-®p-sIm-≠-√.- `q-
X-˛t{]-Xm-Zn-I-sf-]-‰n-tbm- cm£-km-Im-cw- ]p-≠- Zp-jv-S-
i-Iv-Xn-I-sf-∏-‰n-tbm- C-ºm-®n- ]-d-™p-sIm-≠p-a-√.- G-
sXm-cp- Nn-¥m-io-e-s-bpw- hn-kv-a-bn-∏n-°p-∂,- I-Æpw- Im-
Xpw- a-- pw Xp-d-∂p-sh-°m≥- k-∑-- p-≈- G-sXm-cp-
Pn-⁄m-kp-hn-∂pw- Iu-Xp-I-ap-f-hm-°p-∂- {]m-]-©n-I- {]-
Xn-`m-k-ß-sf- Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®p-sIm-≠v- hnip-≤- Izp¿B≥-
tNm-Zn-°p-∂p-;- C-sXm-s°- bm-Zr-Nv-On-I-am-bn- kw-`-hn-®-
Xm-tWm,- A-e-£y-am-bpw- A-hyh-ÿn-X-am-bpw- H-Øp-Iq-
Sn-b-Xm-tWm- F-∂v.- {]m-No-A-td-_y-bn-se- bp-Iv-Xn-hm-
Zn-I-sf- am-{X-a-√ B-[p-n-I- bp-Iv-Xn-hm-Zn-I-sf-bpw- D-Ø-
cw- ap-´n-°p-∂-X-t{X- Izp¿B≥- D-b¿-Øn-°m-´p-∂- Zr-jv-
Sm-¥ß-ƒ-.- ssZ-h-Øn-s‚ A-kv-Xn-Xz-Øn-pw- A-Xp-ey-am-
b- I-gn-hp-Iƒ°pw- Izp¿B≥- sX-fn-hv- n-c-Øp-∂- co-Xn-
A-Xy-¥w- e-fn-X-hpw- lr-Zbm-h¿-P-I-hp-a-s{X.- G-Xm-pw-
D-Zm-l-c-W-ßƒ- Xm-sg- sIm-Sp-°p-∂p:-
""A-h-s‚ Zr-jv-Sm-¥-ß-fn¬-s]-´-Xm-Wv-:- A-h≥- n-ß-
sf- aÆn ¬-n-∂v- kr-jv-Sn-®p- F-∂-Xv.- F-∂n-´m-Wv- n-ßƒ-
Cu- ]-c-∂p-In-S-°p-∂- a-p-jy-h¿-K-a-{X-bp-ap-≠m-b-Xv.-

33
A-h-s‚ Zr-jv-Sm-¥-ßfn¬-s]-´-Xm-Wv- n-ßƒ-°p-th-
≠n- Ah≥- n-ß-fn¬-n-∂v- X-s∂- C-W-I-sf- kr-jv-Sn-
®p-sh-∂-Xv.- nßƒ- A-h-tcm-sSm-Øv- im-¥n-tbm-sS- h-
kn-®n-Sp-hm≥-th-≠n,- nßƒ-°n-S-bn¬- A-h≥- kv-t-l-
hpw- Im-cp-Wy-hpw- D-f-hm-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- Xo¿-®-bm-
bpw- A-Xn¬- Nn-¥n-°p-∂- B-fp-Iƒ-°v- sX-fn-hp-I-fp-≠v.-
D-]-cn-tem-I-ßf-p-sS-bpw- `q-an-bp-sS-bpw- kr-jv-Sn-∏pw- n-
ß-fpsS- `m-j-I-fp-sS-bpw- h¿-W-ß-fp-sS-bpw- ssh-hn-[y-
hpw- A-h-s‚ Zrjv-Sm-¥-ß-fn¬- s]-´-X-s{X.- A-dn-hp-≈-
h¿-°v- A-Xn¬- sX-fn-hp-I-fp≠v,- Xo¿-®.-
cm-hn-epw- ]-I-en-ep-ap-≈- n-ß-fp-sS- n-{Z-bpw- A-h-
s‚ A-p{K-l-ß-fn¬-n-∂v- n-ßƒ- D-]-Po-h-w- tX-Sp-
∂-Xpw- A-h-s‚ Zr-jvSm-¥-ßfn¬-s]-´-X-s{X.- {i-≤n-®p-
tIƒ-°p-∂- B-fp-Iƒ-°v- A-Xn¬- sX-fn-hp-I-fp-≠v,- Xo¿-
®.-
`-b-hpw- tam-l-hp-ap-W¿-Øn-s°m-≠v- A-h≥- n-ßƒ-
°v- an-∂¬∏n-W¿- Im-Wn-®p-X-cp-∂-Xpw- A-h-s‚ Zr-jv-Sm-
¥-ß-fn¬ -s]-´-X-s{X.- D-]-cn-`m-K-Øp-n-∂v- sh-≈w -sNm-
cn-™p-X-cn-I-bpw- n¿-Pohm-h-ÿ-bv-°p-ti-jw- `q-an-°v-
Po-h≥- ¬-Ip-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p.- Xo¿®-bm-bpw- A-Xn¬-
Nn-¥n-°p-∂- B-fp-Iƒ-°-v- sX-fn-hp-I-fp-≠v.-
A-h-s‚ Zr-jv-Sm-¥-ßfn¬-s]-´-X-s{X,- B-Im-i-hpw- `q-
an-bpw- A-h-s‚ im-k--b-p-k-cn-®v- n-e-n¬-°p-∂p-sh-
∂-Xv.- ]n-∂o-Sv- n-ß-sf- `q-an-bn¬-n-∂v- (a-c-Wm--¥-cw)-
A-h≥- H-cp- hn-fn-b-ßv- hn-fn-°p-tºmƒ- n-ß-f-Xm- A-h-
¶-te-°v- ]p-d-s∏-Sp-∂p.-

3434
D-]-cntem-I-ß-fn-epw- `q-an-bn-epw- D-≈-h-sb--√mw- A-h-
s‚XmIp-∂p.- F-√m-h-cpw- A-h-∂v- Io-g-S-ßp-∂-h-c-s{X.-
A-h≥- X-s∂-bm-Ip-∂p- kr-jv-Sn-I¿a-w- Xp-S-ßp-∂-Xv.-
]n-∂oSv- A-h--Xv- B-h¿-Øn-°p-∂p.- B- B-h¿-Ø-w-
A-h-v- Iq-Sp-X¬- F-fp-∏-ap-≈-Xm-Ip-∂p.- D-]-cn-tem-I-ß-
fn-seb-pw- `qan-bn-se-bpw- AXyp-∂-X-am-b- am-Xr-I- A-h-
s‚Xm-Ip-∂p.- A-h≥- {]-X-m-]n-bpw- A-`n-Pv-R-p-a-s{X''
(Izp¿B≥- 30:-20˛27).-
""D-]-cn-tem-I-ß-fp-sS-bpw- `q-an-bp-sS-bpw- kr-jv-Sn-∏n-epw-
Zn--cm-{X-ß-fp-sS- am-‰-Øn-epw- P-tm-]-Im-c-{]-Z-am-b- h-
kv-Xp-°-fp-am-bn- I-S-en-eq-sS- k-©-cn-°p-∂- I-∏-en-epw,-
A-√m-lp- D-]-cn-`m-K-Øp-n∂v- sh-≈w- sNm-cn-™p-X-∂n-
´v- X-Zzm-cm- n¿-÷-o-h-am-bn-°n-S-∂n-cp-∂- `q-an-°v- Po-h≥-
¬-In-b-Xn-epw,- `qan-bn¬- P-¥p-Pm-e-ß-sf- hn-ykn-®-
Xn-epw,- Im-‰p-I-fp-sS- K-Xn-hn-]-cy-b-Øn-epw- B-Im-i- `q-
an-Iƒ-°n-S-bn-eq-sS- B--bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂- Im¿-ta-L-Øn-epw-
Nn-¥n-°p-∂- Bfp-Iƒ-°v- Zr-jv-Sm-¥-ß-fp-≠v,- Xo¿-®''-
(Izp¿B≥- 2:-164).-
""k-Xy-n-tj-[n-Iƒ- I-≠n-t√?- D-]-cn-tem-I-ß-fpw- `q-
an-bpw- H´n-t®¿-∂-h-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- F-∂n-´v- mw- A-h-sb-
th¿-s∏-Sp-Øn.- sh≈-Øn¬-n-∂pw- F-√m- ssP-h-h-kv-
Xp-°-sf-bpw- mw- D-≠m-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- F-∂n-´pw-
A-h¿- hn-iz-kn-°p-∂n-t√?- `q-an-bn¬- D-d-®pn¬-°p-∂-
]¿-h-X-ß-sf- mw- D-≠m-°n;- A-h-sc-bpw-sIm-≠v- A-Xv-
"`qan'- C-f-In-t∏m-Im-Xn-cn-°p-hm≥- th-≠n.- B- ]¿-h-X-
ßf-n¬- hn-im-eam-b- ]m-X-I-fpw- mw- D-≠m-°n-;- A-h¿-
h-gn- I-s≠-Øp-∂-Xn-p-th≠n.-

35
D-]-cn-`m-K-sØ- mw- kp-c-£n-X-am-b- H-cp- ta¬-∏p-c-bm-
I-bpw- sNbv-Xp.- F-∂n-´pw- C-h-bn-e-S-ßn-b-sX-fn-hp-Iƒ-
{i-≤n-°m-sX- Ah¿- Xn-cn-™p-I-f-bp-I-bmIp-∂p-!-
A-h-m-Ip-∂p- Z-n--cm-{X-ßsf-bpw- kq-cy-N-{μ-∑m-sc-
bpw- krjv-Sn-®-Xv.- Hm-tcm-∂pw- A-X-Xn-s‚ {`-a-W-]-Y-Øn¬-
o-¥n-s°m-≠ncn-°p-∂p''- (Izp¿B≥- 21:-30˛33)-.-
""A-h¿-°p-≈- Zr-jv-S-m-¥w- n¿-Po-h-am-b- `q-an-bm-Ip-
∂p.- m-a-Xn-v- Po-h≥- ¬-Ip-I-bpw- A-Xn¬-n-∂v- [m-
yw- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-Ibpw- sN-bv-Xp.- F-∂n-´v- A-Xn¬- n-
∂-s{X- Ah-¿- `p-Pn-°p-∂-Xv.-
A-Xn¬- mw- Cu-¥-∏--tØm-´-ß-fpw- ap-¥n-cn-tØm-´-
ß-fpw- D≠m-°n.- A-Xn¬- mw- o-cp-d-h-Iƒ- s]m-´n-s®-
Sp-°p-I-bpw- sN-bvXp.- A-Xn-s‚ ^-e-ß-fn¬-n-∂v- A-h¿-
`p-Pn-®n-Sp-hm≥.- (b-Ym¿Y-Øn¬-)- A-h-cp-sS- I-c-ß-f-√-
A-Xv- D-≠m-°n-b-Xv.- F-∂n-´pw- Ah¿- -μn- Im-Wn-°p-∂n-
t√?-
`q-an- ap-f-∏n-°p-∂-h,- A-h-cp-sS- kz-¥w- i-co-c-ßƒ,--
Ah¿-°dn-™p-Iq-Sm-Ø- a-‰v- h-kv-Xp-°ƒ- F-√mw- C-W-
I-fm-bn- kr-jv-Sn-®- krjv-Sn-I¿-Øm-hv- F-{X-a-l-X-zap-≈-
h≥-!''-- (hn.Jp.- 36:-33˛36).-
""P--ß-tf- n-ßƒ-°v- (a-c-Wm--¥-c-ap-≈)- D-b¿-sØ-
gp-t∂¬ ∏n¬- kw-i-b-am-sW-¶n¬- ({i-≤n-°p-I).- m-am-
Wv- n-ß-sf- a-Æn¬-n-∂v- kr-jv-Sn-®-Xv.- ]ns∂- _o-P-I-
W-Øn¬-n-∂v.- ]n-s∂- {`q-W-Øn¬-n-∂v.- ]n-s∂- cq-]w-
]q-≠-Xpw- A-√m-Ø-Xp-am-b- amw-k-]nWv-U-Øn¬-n-∂v.- F-
∂n-´v- mw- Dt±-in-°p-∂- H-cp- n¿-Wn-X- k-a-bw-h-sc- K¿-

3636
`m-i-b-Øn¬- Xm-ßm≥-hn-Sp-∂p.- n-ß-sf- mw- ssi-ihm-
h-ÿ-bn¬- ]p-d-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂p.- ]n-s∂- n-ßƒ- ]-
cn-]-Iz-{]m-b-Øn-se-Øp-∂p.- n-ßƒ- Nn-e¿- (C-S-{]m-b-
Øn¬)- N-c-aw- {]m-]n°-p-∂p.- Nn-e¿- A-h-ihm¿-≤-Iy-Øn-
te-°v- -bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.- AsX,- ]-e-Xpw- A-dn-bp-am-bn-cp-
∂-Xn-p-ti-jw- H-∂p-w- A-dn-bm-Ø- A-h-ÿ-bn-te-°v''-
(Izp¿B≥- 22:-5).-
""A-h≥- n-ß-sf- H-scm-‰- k-Ø-bn¬-n-∂v- kr-jv-Sn-
®p.- ]n-s∂- A-Xn¬-n-∂v- X-s∂- A-Xn-s‚ C-W-sb-bpw-
D-≠m-°n.- n-ßƒ-°p-th-≠n- Im-en-I-fn¬-n-∂v- F-´v- C-
W-I-tf-bpw- A-h≥- H-cp-°n-Ø-∂p.- n-ß-fp-sS- am-Xm-°-
fp-sS- DZ-c-ß-fn¬- H-∂n-p-]p-d-sI- H∂m-bn- kr-jv-Sn-∏n-
s‚ ]-e- L-´-ß-fn-em-bn- n-ß-sf-b-h≥- kr-jv-Sn-°p-∂p.-
aq-∂v- C-cp-´p-Iƒ-°p-≈n¬.- A-h-m-Ip-∂p- n-ß-fp-sS-
mY≥.- A-h-∂m-Ip-∂p- B-[n-]-Xyw-.- A-h--√m-sX- H-cm-
cm-[y-p-an-√.- F-∂n-´v- n-ß-sf-ß-s- hy-Xn-N-en-°-s∏-Sp-
∂p?''- (Izp¿B≥- 39:-6)-.-
""A-√m-lp- n-ß-sf- n-ß-fp-sS- am-Xm-°-fp-sS- D-Z-c-ß-
fn¬-n∂v- ]p-d-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-∂-Xv- n-ßƒ-°v- H-∂pw- A-
dn-™p-Iq-Sm-Ø- Ah-ÿ-bn-em-Wv.- A-h-m-Wv- n-ßƒ-
°v- Im-Xpw- I-Æpw-a-- p-sa√mw- ¬-In-b-Xv.- n-ßƒ- -
μn-bp-≈-h-cm-sb-¶n¬-!''- (Izp¿B≥- 16:-78)-.-
""ssZ-hw- n-ß-sf- a-Æn¬-n-∂pw- Xp-S¿-∂v- _o-P-I-W-
Øn¬-n∂pw- kr-jv-Sn-®p.- F-∂n-´v- n-ß-sf- A-h≥- C-
W-I-fm-°n.- A-hs‚ A-dn-thm-sS-b-√m-sX- H-cp- kv-{Xo-bpw-
K¿-`w- [-cn-°p-∂n-√.- {]-k-hn-°p-∂p-an-√.- tc-J-bn-ep-≈-X-

37
p-k-cn-®-√m-sX- H-cmƒ-°pw- Zo¿Lm-bp- v- ¬-I-s∏-Sp-
I-tbm- A¬-]m-bp- m-°-s∏-Sp-I-tbm- C-√.- Xo¿-®-bm-bpw-
A-Xv- ssZ-h-Øn-v- F-fp-∏-am-Ip-∂p.-
c-≠v- P-em-i-b-ßƒ- Xp-ey-am-hp-I-bn-√.- H-∂v- ip-≤-hpw-
kz-Nv-Ohpw- kp-J-Z-hpw.- a-s‰m-∂v- D-∏v- c-k-hpw- Zp- -zm-Zp-
ap-≈-Xv.- F-∂m¬- c-≠n¬-n-∂pw- am¿-Z-h-ap-≈- ]p-Ø≥-
amw-kw- n-ßƒ-°v- `-£n°m≥- In-´p-∂p.- n-ßƒ-°v- B-
`-c-W-am-bn- A-Wn-bm-p-≈-Xv- ]p-d-sØ-Sp-°m-pw- I-gn-bp-
∂p.- I-∏¬- A-Xn-eq-sS- P-tem-]-cn-X-ew- Io-dn-ap-dn®v- o-
ßp-∂-Xv- Im-Wmw.- n-ßƒ- A-h-s‚ A-p-{K-l-Øn¬-n-
∂pw- tX-Sp-hm≥- th-≠n-bpw- n-ßƒ- -μn-bp-≈-h-cm-bn-
cn-°m≥- th≠nbpw.-
A-h≥- cm-{Xn-sb- ]-I-en¬- hn-e-bn-∏n-°p-∂p.- ]-I-en-
s- cm-{Xnbn-epw.- A-h≥- kq-cy-s-bpw- N-{μ-s-bpw- Io-
gv-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.- Hm-tcm-∂pw- n-iv-Nn-X- ]-cn-[n-bn-
te-°v- k-©-cn-°p-∂p.- A-h--s{X- n-ß-fp-sS- m-Y-m-
b- ssZ-hw.- A-h-∂m-Ip-∂p- B-[n-]-Xyw.- Ahv- ]p-d-sa-
n-ßƒ- {]m¿-Yn-°p-∂-h-cm-cpw- H-cp- Cu-Ø--∏--°p-cp-hn-
s‚ ]m-S-t]m-epw- A-[o--s∏-Sp-Øp-∂n-√''- (Izp¿B≥- 35:-
11˛13)-
""`q-an-sb- mw- hn-im-e-am-°p-I-bpw- A-Xn¬- D-d-®p-n¬-
°p-∂- ]¿-Δ-X-ßƒ- ÿm-]n-°p-I-bpw,- F-√mw- k-¥p-en-
X-am-bn-s°m-≠v- A-Xn¬- ap-f∏n-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-
∂p.-
n-ßƒ-°pw- n-ßƒ- B-lm-cw- ¬-In- h-f¿-Øp-∂-
X-√m-Ø- Po-hn-Iƒ-°pw- th-≠n- mw- A-Xn¬- D-]-Po-h--

3838
am¿-K-ßƒ- H-cp-°nbn-cn-°p-∂p.-
G-sXm-cp- h-kv-Xp-hn-s‚bpw- J-P-m-hp-Iƒ- -Ωp-sS-
]-°¬- am-{X-am-Ip-∂p.- n-iv-Nn-X- A-f-h-p-k-cn-®v- am-{X-
sa- m-a-Xv- ¬IpIbp-≈q.-
mw- ta-L-ßƒ-°v- _o-P-Zm-w- sN-øp-∂- Im-‰p-I-sf-
n-tbmKn-®p.- Xp-S¿-∂v- D-]-cn-`m-K-Øv- n-∂v- mw- sh-≈w-
sNm-cn-bp-I-bpw- AXv- n-ßƒ-°v- Ip-Sn-°p-am-dm-°p-I-bpw-
sN-bv-Xp.- n-ßƒ-°-Xv- (h-‰n-t∏m-Im-Ø-h-Æw)- kq-£n-
®p-sh-°m≥- I-gn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√''- (Izp¿B≥- 15:-19˛22)-.-
""A-h≥- tm-°p-∂n-t√- H-´-Iw- F-ß-s-bm-Wv- kr-jv-
Sn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-sX-∂v?- B-Im-iw- F-ß-s- D-b¿-Ø-
s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂pw.- ]¿-h-X-ßƒ- F-ß-s- ÿm-]n-
°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂pw,- `qan- F-ß-s- n-c-∏p-≈-Xm-
°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂pw''- (Izp¿B≥- 88:-17˛20).-
""n-ß-sf- Zp¿-_-em-h-ÿ-bn¬- n-∂v- k-r-jv-Sn-®-h-m-
Ip-∂p- A√m-lp.- Xp-S¿-∂v- Zu¿-_ey-Øn-v- ti-jw- A-
h≥- I-cp-Øp-≠m-°n-Ø-∂p.- I-cp-Øn-p-ti-jw- ho-≠pw-
_-e-lo--X-bpw- -c-bpw- h-cp-Øn.- A-h≥- D-t±-in-°p-∂-
Xv- kr-jv-Sn-°p-∂p.- A-h≥- k¿h-Pv-R-p-a-s{X''-
(Izp¿B≥- 30:-54).-
""A-h¿- I-≠n-t√,- -Ωp-sS- I-c-ßƒ- cq-]w- ¬-In-b-
Im-en-Isf- mw- A-h¿-°v- th-≠n-bm-Wv- kr-jv-Sn-®-sX-
∂v.- A-ß-s- A-h¿- A-h-sb- A-[o--s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠n-
cn-°p-∂p.-
A-h-sb- mw- A-h¿-°v- Io-sgm-Xp-°n-sIm-Sp-°p-I-bpw-
sN-bv-Xp.- A-h-bn¬- Nn-e-Xv- hm-l--am-Ip-∂p.- Nn-e-Xn-s-

39
A-h¿- `p-Pn-°pIbpw- sN-øp-∂p.-
A-h¿-°v- A-h-bn¬- ]-e- {]-tbm-P--ß-fp-ap-≠v.- Ip-Sn-
°p-hm-p-≈- ]m-epw.- F-∂n-´pw- A-h-sc-¥m- -μn-Im-Wn-
°m-Ø-Xv''- (Izp¿B≥- 36:-71˛73)-.-
""a-p-jy≥- I-≠n-t√-;- A-h-s- mw- H-cp- _o-P-I-W-
Øn¬-n∂m-Wv- kr-jv-Sn-®-sX-∂v.- F-∂n-´v- A-h--Xm- hy-
Iv-X-am-b- F-Xn¿-∏p-Imc-m-bn- am-dn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.- -ap-°-
h≥- D-]-a-bp-≠m-°p-I-bpw,- kz¥w- kr-jv-Sn-∏n-s]-‰n- hn-
kv-a-cn-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂p.- A-h≥- tNmZn-®p-;- "{Z-
hn-®p-t]m-b- Cu- A-ÿn-i-I-e-ßƒ-°v- Po-h≥- ¬Im≥-
B¿-°m-Wv- I-gn-bp-I-sb-∂v.-
]-d-bq-:- B-Zy-X-h-W- A-h-sb- kr-jv-Sn-®-h≥- X-s∂-
A-h-bv-°v- Po-h≥- ¬-Ipw.- A-h≥ F-√m-X-cw- kr-jv-Sn-
∏n-s-]-‰n-bpw- -∂mbn- A-dn-bp-∂-h--s{X.-
n-ß-ƒ°p-th-≠n- ]-®-a-c-Øn¬-n-∂v- Xo- D-≠m-°n-
X-∂-h-s{X- A-h≥.- F-∂n-´v- A-Xn¬-n-∂v- n-ß-f-Xm-
I-Øn-°p-∂p.-
D]-cn-tem-I-ß-sf-bpw- `q-an-sb-bpw- kr-jv-Sn-®-h≥- A-
h-sc- t]mep-≈-h-sc- kr-j-v-Sn-°m≥- I-gn-hp-≈-h--s√-
t∂m?- kw-i-b-ta-Xp-an-√.- A-h≥- X-s∂-bm-Ip-∂p- k¿-h-
Pv-R-m-b- kr-jv-Sn-I¿-Øm-hv.-
A-h-s‚ Im-cyw,- A-h≥- H-cp- Im-cyw- D-t±-in-®m¬- "D-
≠m-Iq'- F-∂- B-Pv-R- am-{X-am-Ip-∂p.- A-t∏m-g-Xm- A-Xv-
D-≠m-Ip-∂p.-
F-√m- Im-cy-ß-fp-sS-bpw- A-[o-im-[n-Im-cw- ssI-h-i-
ap-≈-h≥- F-{X- a-l-Xz-ap-≈-h≥-!- A-h-n-te-°v- X-s∂-

4040
bm-bn-cn-°pw- n-ßƒ- Xn-cn-®p-hn-fn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv''-
(Izp¿B≥- 36:-77˛83).-
""m-am-Wv- n-ß-sf- kr-jv-Sn-®-Xv.- n-ßƒ-s°-¥m- hn-
izm-k-am-Ip-∂n-t√?-
n-ßƒ- _o-Pw- {k-hn-°p-∂-Xn-s-∏-‰n- n-ßƒ- Nn-¥n-
®p-thm?-
n-ß-fm-tWm- A-Xv- kr-jv-Sn-°p-∂-Xv?- A-tXm- m-am-
tWm- krjv-Sn-I¿-Øm-hv?-
mw- n-ßƒ-°n-S-bn¬- a-c-Ww- hn-[n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- -
sΩ- B¿°pw- tXm¬-]n-°m-m-hn-√.-
n-ß-sf-t]m-ep-≈-h-sc- am-‰p-hm-pw- n-ßƒ-°v- A-
dn-™p-IqSm-Ø- hn-[-Øn¬- n-ß-sf- ]p-x-kr-jvSn-°m-
pw- th-≠n.-
B-Zy-sØ- kr-jv-Sn-cq]-sØ-∏-‰n- n-ßƒ- a-- n-em-°n-
b-t√m.- F-∂n-´pw- n-ß-sf-¥m- t_m-[-hm-∑m-cm-Im-Ø-Xv?-
n-ßƒ- Ir-jn-bn-d-°p-∂-Xn-s-∏-‰n- n-ßƒ- Nn-¥n-®-p-
thm?-
n-ß-fm-tWm- A-Xv- ap-f-∏n-®v- h-f¿-Øp-∂-Xv?- A-X-√-
-Ω-tfm?-
mw- hn-Nm-cn-®n-cp-s∂-¶n¬- A-Xm-sI- [q-fn-I-fm-°n- am-
‰p-am-bncp-∂p.- A-t∏mƒ- n-ßƒ- A-¤p-X-kv-X-_v-[-cm-bn-
t∏m-Ipw.-
R-ß-fn-Xm- I-S-_m-[y-X-bn¬- A-I-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p- (F-
∂v- nßƒ- ap-d-hn-fn- Iq-´-≠n-h-cpw).-
A-√.- R-ßƒ- F-√mw- -jv-S-s∏-´-h-cm-bn-cn-°p-∂p- F-

41
∂v.- nßƒ- Ip-Sn-°p-∂- sh-≈-sØ-∏-‰n- Nn-¥n-®n-´p-t≠m?-
n-ß-fm-tWm- ta-L-Øn¬-n-∂v- A-Xv- Xm-sg-s°m-≠p-h-
cp-∂-Xv?- A-X√- m-tam?
mw- hn-Nm-cn-®n-cp-s∂-¶n¬- -ap-°-Xv- D-∏p-c-k-ap-≈-Xm-
°m≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p.- F-∂n-´pw- n-ß-sf-¥m- -μn-
I-m-Wn-°m-Ø-Xv?-
n-ßƒ- Xo- I-Øn-s®-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-s-∏-‰n- Nn-¥n-®n-´p-
t≠m?-
""A-Xv- I-Øm-p-≈- a-cw- n-ß-fm-tWm- D-≠m-°n-b-Xv?-
A-X-√-m-tam?''- (Izp¿B≥- 56:-57˛72)-.-
""a-p-jy≥- hn-Nm-cn-°p-∂p-t≠m- A-h-s‚ A-ÿn-i-
I-e-ß-sf- ]p-x-kw-tbm-Pn-∏n-°m≥- -ap-°v- I-gn-bn-s√-
∂v?-
kw-i-bw- th-≠,- A-h-s‚ hn-c¬-Xp-ºp-t]m-epw- i-cn-
bm-bn- kwhn-[m-n-°m≥- -ap-°v- I-gn-hp-≠v''- (Izp¿B≥-
75:-3,-4)-.-
n-Xy-q-X-w-
a-pjy-s‚ Nn-¥-sb-bpw- t_m-[-sØ-bpw- X-´n-bp-W¿-
Ø-Ø°-h-Æw- hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B-n-ep-S-o-fw- ]-c-∂p-In-
S-°p-∂- ssZ-hn-I- Zrjv-Sm-¥-ß-fp-sS- G-Xm-pw- D-Zm-l-c-
W-ß-fm-Wv- ap-I-fn¬- sIm-Sp-ØXv.- 1400 sIm-√w-ap-ºp-≈-
A-d-_n-I-sf- kw-_-‘n-®n-S-tØm-fw- C-Xv- F-{X-am-{Xw- {]-
k-Iv-X-am-tWm- A-{X-tØm-fw- {]-k-Iv-Xn- B-[p-nIk-aq-
l-ß-fp-sS- Im-cy-Øn-e-pw- A-Xn-p-≠v.- Ime-hpw- tIm-e-
hpsa-√mw- am-dn-bm-epw- Cu- Zr-jv-Sm-¥-ß-fn-sem-∂n-p-t]m-

4242
epw- Im-e-l-cWw- kw-`-hn-®n-ń-√.- kz-bw- kw-km-cn-°p-
∂- Cu- kq-Iv-X-ß-sf- Pohn-X-Øn-s‚ G-Xv- Xp-d-bn-ep-≈-
]-Iz-a-Xn-Iƒ-°pw- X-≈n-∏-d-bm-m-hn-√.- ]-g-b- A-td-_y≥-
k-aq-l-Øn-se- {]m-Ir-X-cpw,- m-K-cn-I-cpw,- km-ln-Xy-Im-
c-∑m-cpw- n-c-£-c-cpw- A-Sn-a-I-fpw,- D-S-a-I-fpw- H-cp-t]mse-
Cu- kq-Iv-X-ß-fp-sS- A-am-p-jn-I- {]-`m-hw- Aw-Ko-I-cn-
®ncp-∂p.-
C-∂pw- Cu- n-e-bn¬- am-‰-sam-∂pw- h-∂n-ń-√.- Nn-e¿-
sX-‰n-≤cn-®-t]m-se- H-cp-]n-Sn- ]-g-©-∑m-sc- am-{X-a-√- hn-
ip-≤- Izp¿B≥- BI¿-jn-°p-∂-Xv.- tem-I-{]-i-k-v-X-cm-
b- K-th-j-I-cpw- Nn-¥-I-∑m-cpw- C∂v- hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B-n-
s- `m-jm-]-c-am-bpw- B-i-b-]-c-am-b-pw- A-]-{K-Yn-®p-sIm-
≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.- Iw-]yq-´¿- D-]tbm-Kn-®p-≈- A-Xn-kq£v-
a-am-b- ]-T--Øn-pt]m-epw- hn-ip-≤-Izp¿B≥- hn-t[-b-
am-bn-´p-≠v.- F-√m- hn-th-I-im-en-I-fm-b- A-tz-j-I-sc-bpw-
A-º-c-∏n-®p-sIm-≠v- A-Xn-s‚ km¿-hm-Xn-im-bn-X- C-∂pw-
n-e-n¬-°p-∂p.- {]-_p-≤sc-∂v- {]-tLm-jn-°-s∏-Sm-d-p-≈-
tI-c-f-Øn¬-t]m-epw- P--e-£-ßƒ- hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B-n-
s- Ku-c-h-_p-≤ym- ]-T--hn-t[-b-am-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.-
tUm-Iv-S¿-am-cpw- F-©n-o-b¿am-cpw- s{]m-^-k¿-am-cp-a-S-
ßp-∂- _p-≤n-Po-hn-Iƒ- C-hn-sS-bpw- Izp¿B≥- hym-Jym-
n-°p-I-bpw- A-]-{K-Yn-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-
∂p.- ù-Xn-I-hmZ-Øn-s‚ A-Xn-{]-k-c-Øn¬-s]-´v- a-X-ß-
tfm-Sv- ap≥-hn-[n- sh-®p-]-p-e¿-Øp-∂-h-cpw- km-ap-Zm-bn-I-
Xz-Øn-s‚ kzm-[o--Øn¬-s]-´v- Ckv-emw- hn-tcm-[w- ]p-
e¿-Øp-∂-h-cp-a-√m-Ø- n-jv-]-£-a-Xn-Iƒ- F√m-Im-e-
Øpw- hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B-n-s‚ kw-th-Z--£-a-X- Aw-Ko-I-

43
cn-®n-´p-≠v.- H-cp-Im-e-Øv- hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B-n-s‚ _-≤-ssh-
cn-I-fm-bn-cp-∂- tI-c-f-Øn-se- Nn-e- _p-≤n-Po-hn-Iƒ- ]n¬-
°m-e-Øv- Izp¿B-p-am-bn- hn-´p-]n-cn-bm-m-Im-Ø- B-Xv-
a-_-‘-ap-≈-h-cm-bn- amdn-b- Im-cyw- Cu- k-μ¿-`-Øn¬-
kv-a-c-Wo-b-am-Wv.-
1400 h¿-j-ßƒ-°-Iw- im-kv-{X- km-ln-Xy- I-em-cw-K-
ß-fn¬- hen-b- am-‰-ß-fp-≠m-bn-´p-≠v.- `q-an-bm-Wv- {]-]-
©-Øn-s‚ tI-{μsa-∂v- hn-iz-kn-°-s∏-´- Im-e-ap-≠m-bn-
cp-∂p.- kq-cy-m-Wv- {]-]-©-Øns‚ tI-{μ-sa-∂pw- {K-l-
ßƒ- kq-cy-s‚ B-I¿-j-W-h-e-b-Øn¬- {`-a-Ww- sN-bv-
Xp-sIm-≠n-cn-°-bm-sW-∂pw- ]n-∂o-Sv- sX-fn-bn-°-s∏´p.- a-
g-sb-bpw- Im-em-h-ÿ-sb-bpw- ]-‰n- a-p-jy-cp-sS- [m-c-W-
bn¬- nc-¥-cw- am-‰-ßƒ- h-∂n-´p-≠v.- Po-h-Pm-e-ß-sf-bpw-
k-ky-ß-sf-bpw-]-‰n- ssh-hn-[y-am¿-∂- ho-£-W-ß-fp-≠m-
bn-´p-≠v.- a-p-jy-s‚bpw- {]-]-©-Øn-s‚bpw- D¬-]-Øn-
sb-∏-‰n- h-∂pw-t]m-b-pw- sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂- kn-≤m-¥-ßƒ-
°v- I-W-°n-√.- a-p-jy-s‚ K¿-`-[m-c-Ww- ap-X¬- {]-k-hw-
h-sc-bp-≈- L-´-ß-sf-∏-‰n-bpw- im-kv-{Xw- A-`n{]m-b-ßƒ-
am-dn-am-dn- ]-d-™n-´p-≠v.- hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B≥- `u-Xn-I-im-
kv-{Xw- ]-Tn-∏n-°m≥-th-≠n- h-∂- {K-v-Y-a-s√-∂pw- a-p-jy-
cp-sS- [m¿an-Iam¿-K-Z¿-i--am-Wv- A-Xn-s‚ e-£y-sa-∂pw-
Izp¿B≥- hm-Iyß-fn¬- n-∂p-X-s∂- hy-Iv-X-am-Ip-∂p≠v.-
F-¶n-epw- {]m-]-©n-I- {]Xn-`m-k-ß-fn-eq-sS- ssZ-hm-kv-Xn-
Xzw- I-s≠-Øm≥- a-p-jy-s- k-lmbn-°p-∂- cw-K-Øv-
hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B≥- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂- Im-cy-ßƒ- sX-
‰m-sW-∂v- H-cp- im-kv-{Xn-a-b-hpw- H-cn-°-epw- sX-fn-bn-®n-
´-n-√- F-∂- h-kv-Xp-X- A-Xn-s‚ ssZ-hn--I-X-bv-°p-≈- sX-fn-

4444
hp-I-fn-sem-∂m-bn- n-e-n¬-°p-∂p.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂-
F-°m-e-sØ-bpw-im-kv-{X-Pv-R-∑m¿-°v- Izp¿B≥- kzo-I-
cn-°p-∂-Xn-v- _p-≤n-]-c-amb- X-S- -ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.-
C-Xn-v- ]p-d-sa- -Ωp-sS- k-hn-ti-j- {i-≤-b¿-ln-°p-
∂- H-cp- hnj-b-ap-≠v.- hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B-n-s- ]-‰n- bm-
sXm-cp- [m-c-W-bpw- D-≠mbn-´n-√m-Ø- ss{I-kv-X-h- b-lq-
Z- m-kv-Xn-I- im-kv-{X-Pv-R-∑m¿- -SØn-b- K-th-j-W-ßƒ-
Izp¿B-n¬- 1400 h¿-jw-ap-ºv- im-kv-{Xw- {`qWm-h-kv-bn-
em-bn-cp-∂- Im-e-Øv- ]-d-™- Im-cy-ß-sf- i-cn-sh-®p-
sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂p F-∂Xm-W-Xv.- C-Xn-v- D-Zm-l-c-W-ßƒ-
n-c-h-[n-bp-≠v.-
B-Im-i-`q-an-I-fp-sS- D¬-]-Øn-
B-Im-i-tKm-f-ß-fpw- `q-an-bpw- H-∂n-®v- H-scm-‰- B-Zn-]-
Zm¿-Y-Øn-s‚ `m-K-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂-Xv- C-∂v- im-kv-{X-cw-
K-Øv- G-Xm-≠v- X¿°-a-‰- hn-j-b-am-Wv.- {]-]-©-Øn-s‚
D¬-]-Øn-sb-∏-‰n- hy-Xy-kvX- ho-£-W-ß-fp-s≠-¶n-epw-
Xm-c-K-W-ß-fpw- {K-tlm-]-{K-l-ß-fpw- Htc- D-d-hn-S-Øn¬-
n-∂v- hn-L-Sn-®v- cq-]w- sIm-≠-Xm-sW-∂-Xn¬- C-∂v- X¿-
°w- A-h-ti-jn-°p-∂n-√.-
{]-]-©-Øn-s‚ D-¤-hw- kw-_-‘n-®v- C-∂v- n-e-hn-ep-
≈- kn≤m-¥-ß-fn¬- {]-ap-J- tKm-f-im-kv-{X-Pv-R-cp-sS- Aw-
Ko-Im-cw- tSn-bn-´p-≈-Xv- D-{Kam-b- H-cp- B-Zn-kv-t^m-S--
Øn¬-n-∂m-Wv- apgp-h≥- {]-]-©-Øn-s‚bpw- Xp-S-°-sa-
∂v- k-a¿-Y-n-°p-∂- _n-Kv-_mw-Kv- kn-≤m-¥-a-s{X.-
m-ev- {]-ap-J- im-kv-{X-Pv-R-∑m¿- tN¿-∂v- 1976 am¿-®n-
se- Scientific American¬- F-gp-Xn-b- H-cp- te-J--Øn¬-

45
C-{]-Im-cw- Im-Wmw:-
``Thus it appears that the Universe began from a state of
infinite density about one hubble time ago. Space and time
were created in that event and so was all the matter in the
universe''.
""A-¥-am-b- A-f-hn¬- km-{¥-am-bn-cp-∂- H-cp- A-h-
ÿ-bn¬-n-∂m-Wv- {]-]-©w- D-¤-hn-®-sX-∂m-Wv- hy-Iv-X-
am-Ip-∂-Xv.- G-ItZ-iw- H-cp- "l-_vƒ- k-a-bw'-* ap-ºm-Wv-
C-Xv- -S-∂-Xv.- kv-s]-bv-kpw- k-a-b-hpw- B- kw-`-h-tØm-
sS-bm-Wv- kr-jv-Sn-°-s∏-´-Xv.- A-{]-Imcw-X-s∂- {]-]-©-
Øn-se- ap-gp-h≥- ]-Zm¿-Y-hpw''-.-
(`Will the Universe Expand forever' ScientificAmerican,
March'76)
hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B-n-se- 21:-30 kq-Iv-Xw- C-u- B-i-b-a-
s{X- Du-∂n ∏-d-bp-∂-Xv.- J-tKm-f-im-kv-{Xw- H-´pw- hn-I-kn-
®n-ń-√m-Ø-Im-e-Øv- tem-I-sØm-cm-fpw- C-Ø-c-sam-cp- {]-
kv-Xm-h-- -S-Øm≥- H-cp- km[y-X-bp-an-√.- k¿-h-Pv-R-m-
b- ssZ-h-Øn-s‚ t_m-[-w- ap-tJ--b√m-sX.-
D-{Kkv-t^m-S--a-S-°-ap-≈- {]-Xn-`m-k-ßƒ-°v- ]n-∂n-se-
bYm ¿Y- Im-c-W-sØ-∏-‰n- ]-d-bp-tºmƒ- ù-Xn-I-hm-Zn-
Iƒ- k¿-h-Pv-pw- k¿-h-i-Iv-X-p-am-b- kw-hn-[m-b-I-s-
X-≈n-∏-d-™p-sIm-≠v- C-cp-ń¬- X-∏p-I-bm-Wv.- F-∂m¬-
Izp¿B≥- {]-m-]-©n-I{]-Xn-`m-k-ß-fp-sS- ]n-∂n-se- b-Ym¿-
* (1920¬- {]-]-©-Øn-s≥-d- D-Xv-`-h-sØ-bpw- hn-Im-k-sØ-bpw- kw-_-v-[n-
®v- {]-k-IvX-am-b- n-co-£-W-ßƒ- -S-Øn-b- F-Un≥- ]n.- l-_vƒ- F-∂- im-
kv-{X-Pv-R-s≥-d- t]-cn¬- A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xpw- A--¥-km-{μ-am-b- A-h-kv-Y-°p-
ti-jw- {]-]-©w- ]n∂n´- Im-e-b-f-hn-s- Ip-dn-°p-∂-Xp-am-b- H-cp- k-a-b- ]-cn-
Wm-a-a-s{X- l-_vƒ- ssSw)-

4646
Y-i-Iv-Xn- F-s¥-∂v- kv-]-jv-S-am-°p-∂p.-
""k-Xy-n-tj-[n-Iƒ- I-≠n-t√- D-]-cn-tem-I-ß-fpw- `q-
an-bpw- H-´n t®¿-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂v.- F-∂n-´v- mw- A-h-
sb- th¿-s∏-Sp-Øn''- (Izp¿B≥- 21:-30)-.-
s-_p-e-Iƒ- Izp¿B-n¬-
h-m-X-I-ß-fpw- kq-£v-a-]-Zm¿-∞-ß-fp-a-S-ßp-∂- H-cp- ]p-
I-]-S-e- (Nebula)Øn¬-n-∂m-Wv- -£-{X-ßƒ- ]n-d-hn-sb-
Sp-Ø-sX-∂m-Wv- B-[p-n-I- im-kv-{Xw- I-cp-Xp-∂-Xv.- Se-
crets of Space F-∂- {K-v-Y-Øn¬- Anthony feldman ]-d-
bp-∂-Xv- Im-Wp-I-:-
``The process by which the stars from is probably a kind
of condensation. The principal force behind the phenom-
enon is gravity, operating between the countless molecules
of gas and dust motes in the nebula. As an accumulation of
matter builds up in particular region of the nebula the
begining of a localised gravitational field emerge and the
process a accelerates more material being drawn into the
region by the gravitational pull of the increasing build up of
dust and gas''.
an-°-hm-dpw- H-cp-X-cw- km-{μo-I-c-W- {]-{In-b-bn-eq-sS-
bm-Wv- £-{X-ß-ƒ- cq-]w-sIm-≈p-∂-Xv.- Cu- {]-Xn-`m-k-
Øn-s‚ ]n-∂n-ep-≈- ap-Jy-i-Iv-Xn- s-_p-e-I-fn-se- F-
Æ-a-‰- hm-X-I- X-∑m-{X-Iƒ-°n-S-bn-epw- [q-fo-I-c-W-ßƒ-
°n-S-bn-epw- {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂- Kp-cp-Xzm-I¿-j-W-am-Ip-∂p.-
s-_p-e-bn¬- H-cp- {]-tXy-I- {]-tZ-i-Øv- ]-Zm¿-Y-tI-{μo-
I-c-Ww- -S-°p-tºmƒ- {]m-tZ-in-I-am-b- H-cp- Kp-cp-Xzm-I¿-

47
j W- ta-J-e- D-cp-Øn-cn-bm≥- Xp-S-ßp-∂p.- Cu- {]-{In-b-
Xz-cn-X-s∏-Sp-∂-tXm-sS- B- {]-tZ-itØ-°v- Iq-Sp-X¬- ]-
Zm¿Y-w- k-am-l-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.- Kp-cp-Xzm-I¿-j-W-_-e-
Øm¬- [q-fn-I-fp-sS-bpw- hm-X-Iß-fp-sS-bpw- ti-J-cw- Iq-
Sn-Iq-Sn- h-cp-∂p''-.- (Secrets of Space P.p. 52 Aldus Books.
London)
hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B≥- 1400 h¿-j-ßƒ-°v- ap-ºp-X-s∂- B-
Im-i tKm-f-ßƒ- ]p-I-]-S-e-Øn¬-n-∂v- cq-]w- sIm-≠-
Xm-sW-∂- h-kvXp-X- hy-Iv-X-am-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.-
""A-Xn-v- ]p-d-sa- A-h≥- D-]-cn-tem-I-Øn-s‚ kw-hn-
[m-w- -S--Øn.- A-Xv- ]p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- A-Xn-tm-Spw- `q-an-
tbm-Spw- A-h≥-- BPv-Rm-]n-®p-:- n-ßƒ- c-≠pw- hn-t[-b-
Xz-tØm-sS-tbm- A--n-Nv-Om-]q¿h--I-am-tbm- h-cq.- A-h- c-
≠pw- ]-d-™p-:- R-ß-fn-Xm- hn-t[-b-Xz-tØmsS- h-∂n-cn-
°p-∂p''- (Izp¿B≥- 41:-11).-
Cu- {]-Jym-]--Øn-v- ap-ºn¬- im-kv-{Xw- ]-I-®p-n¬-
°p-∂p- F-∂-X-t√- hm-kv-X-hw?-
im-kv-{Xm-`ym-kw- t]m-I-s´,- A-£-cm-`ym-kw- t]m-epw-
t-Sn-bn´n-√m-Ø- ap-l-Ω-Zv- -_n--bp-sS- m-hn-eq-sS-bm-
Wv- mw- Cu- hm-°p-Iƒ- tIƒ-°p-∂-Xv-!- C-sX-ß-s- kw-
`-hn-®p?- D-Ø-cw- e-fn-X-am-Wv.- ap-l-Ω-Zv- -_n-- X-n-°v-
e-`n-®- Zn-hy-t_m-[-w- D-cp-hn-Sp-I-bmbn-cp-∂p.-
`q-an-bp-sS- B-Ir-Xn-
`q-an-bp-sS- B-Ir-Xn-sb-∏-‰n- hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B≥- F-¥v-
]-d-bp-∂p sh-∂- tNm-Zyw- ]-e-cpw- D-∂-bn-°m-dp-≠v.-
Izp¿B-n-se- `q-an- ]-c∂-Xm-sW-∂pw- ap-l-Ω-Zv- -_n--bp-

4848
sS- Im-e-Øv- B-fp-Iƒ- [-cn-®n-cp∂- A-_-≤w- Izp¿B-n-
epw- I-S-∂p-Iq-Sn-bn-´p-s≠-∂pw- Izp¿B≥- ssZ-hn-I-a-s√-
∂-Xn-v- A-Xp-X-s∂- a-Xn-bm-b- sX-fn-hm-sW-∂pw- Nne¿-
tL-m-jn-°m-dp-≠v.-
""`q-an-sb- n-ßƒ-°p-th-≠n- sa-Ø-bm-°n-b-h≥''-
(Izp¿B≥- 2:-22)-
""`q-an-sb- mw- o-´n-bn-cn-°p-∂p''- (Izp¿B≥- 15:-19).-
""A-√m-lp- n-ßƒ-°v- th-≠n- `q-an-sb- H-cp- hn-cn-∏m-
°n-bn-cn-°p∂p''- (Izp¿B≥- 71:-19)-.-
F-∂o- h-N--ßƒ-°v- Np-‰p-am-Wv- hn-a¿-i--ßƒ- tI-
{μo-I-cn-®n´p-≈-X.v-
F-∂m¬- hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B-n¬- `q-an-sb-∏-‰n- A-t-Iw-
k-μ¿-` ß-fn¬- ssh-hn-[y-am-¿-∂- hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-ßƒ- ¬-
In-bn-´p-≈-Xn-s‚- sN-dn-sbm-cp- `m-K-w- am-{X-am-Wv- Cu- h-N-
-ß-sf-∂- Im-cyw- hn-a¿i-I-∑m¿- ku-I-cy-]q¿-h-w- a-d-®p-
sh-°p-∂p.- Nn-e- h-N--ßƒ- t-m°q:-
""A-h-m-Ip-∂p- `-q-an-sb- n-ßƒ-°v- Io-sgm-Xp-ßp-
∂Xm-°n-bXv.- A-Xn-m¬- A-Xn-s‚ Np-a-ep-I-fn-eq-sS- n-
ßƒ- -S-∂p-sIm-≈pI''- (Izp¿B≥- 67:-15).-
""`q-an-sb- mw- sXm-´n-em-°n-Ø-∂n-t√?''- (Izp¿B≥-
78:-6).-
""A-√-m-lp-hm-Ip-∂p- n-ßƒ-°v- `q-an-sb- H-cp- B-hm-
k-tI-{μ-hpw- D-]-cn-`m-K-sØ- H-cp- ta¬-]p-c-bp-am-°n-Ø-
∂-h≥'' (Izp¿B≥- 40:-64).-
Cu- h-N--ß-sf-√mw- ]-c-∂- `q-an-sb-bm-tWm- kq-Nn-

49
∏n-°p-∂Xv?- sXm-´n¬- ]-c-∂-Xm-tWm?- Io-sgm-Xp-°-s∏-´-
Xn-s‚ Np-a¬- F-∂-]-Z-{]-tbm-Kw- n-iv-tN-jv-S-am-bn- N-Øp-
In-S-°p-∂- ]-c-∂- `q-an-sb- kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-tWm?- B-
sW-∂v- km-am-y-_p-≤n-bp-≈-h-cm-cpw- ]-d-bp-I-bn-√.-
hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B-n¬- `q-an-sb-bpw- B-Im-i-tKm-f-ß-
sf-bpw- kw_‘n-®v- ]-cm-a¿-in-®n-´p-≈-Xv- A-√m-lp-hn-s‚
A-]m-c-am-b- A-p-{K-l-Øn-s‚bpw- A-Xp-ey-am-b- I-g-n-hn-
s‚bpw- sX-fn-hp-Iƒ- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂-Xn-s‚ `m-K-am-
bn-´m-Wv.- F-°m-e-sØ-bpw- ap-jy¿-°v- A-p-`-h-th-Zy-
am-Ip-∂-hn-[-Øn¬- C-Xv- hn-h-cn-°p-∂-Xn-m-W-t√m- {]-k-
Iv-Xn-bp-≈-Xv.- `q-an- H-cp- tKm-f-am-sW-¶n-epw- A-Xn-s‚- B-
t]-£n-I-a-m-bn- ]-c-∂- {]-X-e-Øn-s‚ ku-I-cy-ß-fpw- ku-
`mKy-ß-fp-am-W-t√m- a-pjy-¿- Iq-Sp-X-em-bn- A-p-`-hn-°p-
∂-Xv.- Ir-jn- sN-øp-∂-Xpw- sI-´n-S-ßƒ- D-≠m-°p-∂-Xpw-
C-cn-°p-∂-Xpw- -S-°p∂-Xpw- I-fn-°p-∂-Xp-sa-√mw- `q-an-
bp-sS- {]-X-e-Øn-s‚ ]-c-∏n-em-Wt√m.- a-s‰m-cp-hn-[-Øn¬-
]-d-™m¬- A-√m-lp- a-p-jy-v- ¬-Inb- A-p-{K-l-ß-
fn-e-[n-I-hpw- B-t]-£n-I-am-bn- ]-c-∏p-≈- `q-an-bn¬sh®m-
Wv- A-h≥- A-p-`-hn-°p-∂-Xv.- A-Xn-m¬- C-°m-cyw- a-p-
jys- Hm¿-an-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-v- th-≠-{X- {]-k-Iv-Xn-bp-≠v.-
`q-an-bp-sS- tKm-fm-Ir-Xn-bp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-´v- F-√m-h¿-
°pw- Ap-`-h-th-Zy-am-Ip-∂- Im-cyw- cm-hpw- ]-I-epw- am-dn-
am-dn- h-cp-∂-Xm-Wv.- C-Xp-kw-_-‘n-®- hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B-
n-se- ]-cm-a¿-iw- tKm-fm-IrXn-sb- kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂- hn-[-
Øn¬-X-s∂-bm-Ip-∂p.-
""B-Im-i-ß-sf-bpw- `q-an-sb-bpw- A-h≥- bm-Ym¿-Y-y-

5050
]q¿-h-w- krjv-Sn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- cm-{Xn-sb- A-h≥- ]-I-en-
t∑¬- Np-‰n-°p-∂p.- ]-I-ens- cm-{Xn-bn-t∑-epw- Np-‰n-°p-
∂p.- kq-cy-s-bpw- N-{μ-s-bpw- Ah≥- n-b-{¥-W-hn-t[-
b-am-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂p.- F-√mw- n-iv-NnX-am-b-
]-cn-[n-h-sc- k-©-cn-°p-∂p.- A-dn-bp-I.- A-h--s{X- {]-
Xm-]nbpw- G-sd- s]m-dp-°p-∂-h-pw'' (Izp¿B≥- 39:-5).-
{]-Im-i-hpw- C-cp-´pw- H-cp- tKm-f-Ønt∑¬- I-d-ßn-s°m-
≠n-cn-°p-∂- Zr-iy-am-Wv- Cu- h-N--Øn¬- kq-Nn-∏n-°-s∏-
´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- `q-an- ]-c-∂-Xm-sW-∂- k-¶¬-]-a-p-k-cn-®v-
cm-hpw- ]-I-epw- Np-‰n-°-d-ßn-h-cp-I- F-∂-Xv- A-Nn-¥y-am-
W-t√m.- D-Z-bm-kv-X-a-b-ß-sf- kw-_-v[n-®- hn-ip-≤-
Izp¿B-n-se- ]-cm-a¿-i-ß-fpw- tKm-fm-Ir-Xn-sb- kq-Nn-∏n-
°p-∂-Xp-X-s∂-bm-Ip-∂p.-
""D-Z-bÿm-Øn-s‚bpw- A-kv-X-a--ÿm--Øn-
s‚bpw- mY≥.- A-h--√m-sX- bm-sXm-cp- ssZ-h-hp-an-√.-
A-Xn-m¬- `m-c-ta¬-∏n-°-s∏-tS-≠-h-m-bn- A-h-s- o-
kzo-I-cn-°p-I''- (Izp¿B≥- 73:-9).-
""c-≠v- D-Z-bÿm--ß-fp-sS-bpw- c-≠v- A-kv-X-a-bÿm-
-ß-fpsS-bpw- m-Y≥''- (Izp¿B≥- 55:-17).-
""F-∂m¬- (A-t-Iw-)- D-Z-bÿm--ß-fp-sS-bpw- A-kv-
X-a-bÿm--ß-fp-sS-bpw- c-£n-Xm-hn-s‚ t]-cn¬- Rm≥-
k-Xyw- sN-bv-Xv- ]d-bp-∂p.- A-h-sc-°mƒ- -√-h-sc- ]-I-
cw- sIm-≠p-h-cm≥- Xo¿-®bm-bpw- mw- I-gn-hp-≈-h-m-
sW-∂v''- (Izp¿B≥- 70:-40).-
H-cp- ÿn-c-am-b- ÿm--Øp-n-∂v- D-Z-b-hpw- A-kv-X-a-
-hpw- nco-£n-°p-∂- hy-Iv-Xn-°v- X-s‚ ÿm--Øp-n-

51
∂v- n-iv-Nn-XZq-c-ap-≈- N-{I-hm-f-ß-fm-Wv- D-Z-bm-kv-X-a-b-
ÿm--ß-fm-bn- A-p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.- F-∂m¬- c-≠v- A¿-
≤tKm-f-ß-fn-se- c-≠v- n-iv-Nn-Xÿm--ß-fn¬-n-∂v- n-
co-£n-°p-∂- hy-Iv-Xn-Iƒ-°v- c-≠p-ho-Xw- D-Z-bm-kv-X-a--
ÿm--ßƒ- D-≈-Xm-bn- A-p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂p.- `q-an-bp-sS-
hnhn[- `m-K-ß-fn-se- hy-Xy-kv-X- ÿm--ß-fn¬-n-∂v- A-
t-Iw- hy-IvXn-Iƒ- -n-co-£n-°p-∂-]-£w- A-h¿-°v- At-
Iw- D-Z-bm-kv-X-a--ÿm--ßƒ- D-≈-Xm-bn- A-p-`-h-s∏-
Spw.- `q-an- ]-c-∂-Xm-sW∂- k-¶¬-]-{]-Im-cw- D-Z-bm-kv-X-a-
ÿm--ß-fp-sS- Cu- hn-[-Øn-ep≈- ssh-hn-[y-Øn--v- {]-
k-Iv-Xn-bn-√-t√m.-
C-n-bpw- ]-e-cp-sS-bpw- kw-i-b-ßƒ- A-h-ti-jn-t®-
°pw.- c-≠mw-X-c-Øn-se- ]m-T-]p-kv-X-I-Øn¬- ]-d-bp-∂-
A-tX- ssi-enbn¬- Ipń-I-tf- `q-an- D-cp-≠-Xm-Ip-∂p- F-
∂v- ]-S-®-h-v- ]-d-™p-Iq-Sm-bn-cpt∂m- F-∂m-bn-cn-°pw- Nn-
e-cp-sS- kw-i-bw.- C-∂pw- H-cp- I-Sw-I-Y-bm-bn- Xp-S-cp-∂-
`q-K¿-`-sØ-∏-‰n- Ir-Xy-am-b- hn-h-c-ßƒ- Izp¿B-n-eq-sS-
¬-In-°q-tS- F-∂pw- tNm-Zy-ap-b-cmw.- a-p-jy-v- kz-bw-
I-s≠-Øm≥- I-gn-bp-∂- ù-Xn-Ihn-Pv-Rm--ßƒ- P--a[y-
Øn¬- F-Øn-°p-I- F∂-X-√- {]-Xyp-X- ù-Xn-I]m-Wv-
Un-Xy-hpw- hn-`-h-ti-jn-bpw- F√mw- D-≠m-bn-´pw- [m¿-an-I-
am-bn- A-[x-]-Xn-®v- t]m-Ip-∂- a-p-jy¿-°v- t¿-h-gn- Im-
Wn-°p-I-bm-Wv- hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B-n-s‚ Zu-Xyw- F-∂-
Imcyw- hn-kv-a-cn-°m-sX-bm-I-Ww- Izp¿B-n-I- Zr-jv-Sm-¥-
ß-sf- hni-I-e-w- sN-øp-∂-Xv.-
ap-gp-h≥- -£-{X-ßƒ-°pw- {K-l-ßƒ-°pw- D-]-{K-l-
ßƒ-°pw- tKm-fmIr-Xn- ¬-In-b- {]-]-©-m-Y-s- kw-

5252
_-‘n-s®-Sp-tØm-fw- `q-an-bp-sS- tKm-fm-Ir-Xn- {]-tXy-Iw-
F-Sp-Øp-]-d-tb-≠- H-cp- hnjb-a-√-t√m.- H-cp- J--tK-m-fim-
kv-{X-Pv-R-s- kw-_-‘n-®n-S-tØm-f-hpw- `q-an-bp-sS- tKm-
fm-Ir-Xn- hn-kv-a-bm-h-l-am-b- H-cp- {]-Xn-`m-k-sam-∂p-a-√.-
F-∂m¬- `q-an-bn¬- am-{Xw- {]-]-©-m-Y≥- kw-hn-[m-n-®-
khn-ti-j- ku-I-cy-ßƒ- F-√m-h-cp-sS-bpw- N-n-¥-°v- hn-
j-bo-`hn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.- a-p-jy-Po-hn-Xw- B- ku-I-cy-ß-
fp-sS- A-`m-h-Øn¬- A-km-[y-am-bn-cn-°pw.- A-X-p-sIm-≠p-
X-s∂- A-h- H-cp-°n-Ø-∂- {kjv-Sm-hn-v- a-p-jy≥- F-{X-
-μn- tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-bm-epw- a-Xn-bmIn-√.- Cu- cw-K-Øm-
Wv- Izp¿B≥- Du-∂¬- ¬-Ip-∂-Xv.-
`q-an-bp-sS- k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ-
`q-an-sb- a-‰v- {K-l-ß-fn¬-n-∂v- hy-X-y-kv-X-am-°n- n¿-
Øp-∂- khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ- F-s¥m-s°-bm-Wv?-
""kw-c-£n-X-am-b- ta¬-∏p-c-''- (Izp¿B≥- 21:-33)- F-∂v-
hn-ip-≤- Jp¿B≥- hn-ti-jn-∏n-°p-∂- A-¥-co-£- ta-em-
∏v- ap-tJ-- `q-an-bn¬- Po-hn-Xw- kw-c-£n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p-
sh-∂-Xm-Wv- `q-an-bp-sS- au-en-I-am-b- k-hn-ti-j-X-I-fn-sem-
∂v.- a-‰v- {K-l-ß-fn-tem- N-{μ-n-tem- A-Øc-sam-cp- km-l-
N-cy-an-√.- {]m-W-hm-bp-hn-s‚ A-`m-hw,- am-c-I-am-b- hn-In-
c-W-ßƒ,- D¬-°-Iƒ- F-√mw- tN¿-∂v- a-‰v- {K-l-ß-fn¬-
Po-hn-Xw- A-km-[y-am-°p-tºmƒ- A-n-X-c-am-b- A-¥-co-
£-a-Wv-U-ew- _m-ly-{]-]-©-Øn¬-n-∂v- h-cp-∂- hn-]-
Øp-I-sf- XS™p-n¿-Øn- `q-an-sb- kw-c-£n-°p-∂p-;- {]m-
W-hm-bp- ap-tJ-- Poh≥- n-e-n¿-Øp-∂p.-
Secrets of Space F-∂- {K-v-Y-Øn¬- Anthony feldman

53
]-d-bp∂p:-
The atmosphere performs two vital roles, It provides an
ocean of air that enables living creatures to breath and it
also acts as a shield against some of the worst hazards of
space.
Although everyone can immediatly appreciate the im-
portance of air to breath it is more difficult to imagine the
canopy of atmosphere as an important roof of over people's
heads. But at every moment the atmosphere is sheilding us
from lethal radiation from the Sun.
""A-¥-co-£-Øn-v- n¿-Wm-b-I-am-b- c-≠v- [¿-a-ßƒ-
n¿-h-ln-°m-p-≠v.- Po-hn-I-fp-sS- izm-tkm-Nv-Om-k-Øn-m-
bn- A-Xv- hm-bphn-s‚ H-cp- k-ap-{Zw- X-s∂- H-cp-°p-∂p.-
A-Xn-v- ]p-d-sa- _m-lym-Im-i-Øn-se- N-n-e- sIm-Spw-Zp-c-
¥-ß-fn¬-n-∂v- Im-Øp-c-£n-°p-∂- Hcp- I-h-N-am-bpw- A-
Xv- {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂p.-
""iz-kn-°m-p-≈- hm-bp-hn-s‚ {]m-[m-yw- G-sXm-
cmƒ°pw- s] s´-∂v- a--kn-em-Ip-sa-¶n-epw- P--ß-fp-sS-
X-e-°v- ao-sX- n-e-sIm-≈p-∂- A-Xy-¥w- {]m-[m-y-ap-≈-
H-cp- ta¬-∏p-c- F-∂- n-e-bn¬- A-¥-co-£ta-em-∏n-s-
hn-`m-h-w- sN-øm≥- {]-bm-kw- tXm-∂n-tb-°mw.- F-∂m¬-
Hm-tcm- n-an-j-Øn-epw- kq-cy-n¬-n-∂p-≈- am-c-I-am-b- hn-
In-c-W-ßƒ-s°-Xn-sc- A-¥-co-£w- -ap-s°m-cp- I-h-N-
ambn- h¿-Øn-°p-∂p''.- (Secrets of Space-Aldus Books Lon-
don P.O.86)

5454
`qan-sb-∂- sa-Ø-
""`q-an-sb- n-ßƒ-°v- sa-Ø-bm-°n-Ø-∂n-cn-°p-∂p''-
(Izp¿B≥ 2:-22)- F∂- h-N--sØ-bpw- B-[p-n-I-n-K-a-
-ß-fp-sS- sh-fn-®-Øn-em-Wv- hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠-Xv.- am-c-I-
am-b- c-iv-an-I-tf¬-°m-sX, D¬-°m-n-]m-X-sØ- `-b-s∏-
Sm-sX,- H-cp- Hm-Iv-kn-P≥- kn-en-≠¿- Iq-sS-sIm-≠p-t]m-Im-
sX,- `m-c-k-¥p-e-w- n-e-n¿-Øn-s°m-≠v,- n-b-{¥n-X-am-
b- Dujv-am-hn¬- a-e¿-∂p-In-S-∂v- H-∂v- hn-{i-an-°m-p-≈-
{]-Ir-Xn-Z-Ø-am-b- sa-Ø- ku-c-bq-Y-Øn¬- `q-ap-J-Øv- am-
{X-am-Wp-≈-Xv.- `q-an- Po-hPm-e-ßƒ-°v- h-k-Xn-bm-bpw- hn-
{i-a-ÿ-e-am-bpw- kw-hn-[m-n-°-s∏-´-t∏mƒ- F-{X-am-{Xw-
I-Wn-i-am-b- ]-cn-ÿn-Xn- n-b-{¥-W-ßƒ- ]m-en-°-s∏-´n-
´p-s≠-∂v- im-kv-{Xw- C-t∏m-gpw- hn-e-bn-cp-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-
°p-I-bm-Wv.-
sh-≈w,- sh-≈w- k¿-Δ-{X,- ]-t£........-
hm-bp-t]m-se- X-s∂- -ap-°v- ]-cn-Nn-X-am-Wv- sh-≈-hpw.-
F-∂m¬- {]-]-©-Øn-se- A-Xp-ey-am-b- bu-Kn-I-fn-sem-
∂m-Wv- sh-≈w.- Ωp-sS- X-e-°v- ap-I-fn¬- a-g-bm-bn- sNm-
cn-bp-∂,- P-em-i-b-ß-fn¬- kw`-cn-°m-hp-∂- sh-≈w- C-
√m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n-¬- Cu- `q-an-bn¬- Po-h≥- ne-n¬-°n-√m-
bn-cp-∂p.- {Z-h-ambpw- J-c-am-bpw- hm-X-I-am-bpw- amdn- Poh-
Pm-e-ß-fp-sS- hnhn-[- B-h-iy-ßƒ- n-d-th-‰p-∂- Im-em-
h-ÿ-sb- B-sI- n-b-{¥n-°p-∂- kz-m-`m-hn-I- hm-Xm-p-
Iq-e-Øn-v- k-lm-bn°p-∂- Water Cycle A-Y-hm- P-e-N-
{Iw- F-ß-s- n-b-{¥n-°-s∏-Sp∂p?- C-∂pw- D-Ø-cw-In-
´m-Ø- k-a-ky-bm-Wv- Im-em-h-ÿ-bp-sS- K-Xn-hnK-Xn-Iƒ.-

55
""`q-an-sb- a-p-jy-s‚ I-fn-sØm-´n-em-°p-∂-Xn¬''-
(Izp¿B≥-78:-6)-
ap-Jy- ]-¶p-h-ln-°p-∂- H-cp- L-S-I-a-s{X- sh-≈w.- A-
Xn-s-∏‰n- hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B≥- ]-d-bp-∂p-:
"-"A-√m-lp-hm-Wv- A-h-s‚ Im-cpWy-Øn-s‚ ap-t∂m-
Sn-bm-bn- Im-‰p-I-sf- A-b-°p-∂-h≥.- H-Sp-hn¬- P-e-`m-cw-
Xn-ßp-∂- ta-L-sØ- A-h- h-ln-°p-tºmƒ- ar-X-{]m-bam-
b- H-cp- {]-tZ-i-tØ-°v- A-Xn-s- mw- -bn-°p-I-bpw- A-
ß-s- AXp-aq-ew- mw- sh-≈w- sNm-cn-bp-I-bpw- F-√m-
Ø-cw- Im-bv-I-n-Ifpw- mw- A-Xp-aq-ew- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-
I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p.- A-{]-Im-c-am-Wv- a-cn-®-h-sc-bpw- mw-
]p-d-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂-Xv.- n-ßƒ- kv-a-cn-°p∂-h-cm-sb-
¶n¬''- (Izp¿B≥ 7:-57).-
Im-e-h¿-j-°m-‰v,- a-g,- -Zn-Iƒ,- k-ap-{Z-ßƒ- C-h-sb-
√mw-sIm≠v- A-p-{K-lo-X-am-b- H-tc-sbm-cp- {K-lw- `q-an-
bm-Wv.- _p-[-{K-l-Øn¬- A-¥-co-£-ta- C-√.- ip-{I-n¬-
A-¥-co-£-ap-s≠-¶n-epw- A-Xv- Im¿ _¨,- kƒ-^¿- Hm-
Iv-ssk-Up-I-fp-sS- H-cp- an-{in-Xw- am-{X-a-s{X.- sNm-Δ-bp-sS-
A-¥-co-£-Øn¬- P-emw-i-ap-s≠-¶n-epw- A-hn-sS-bpw- P-
e-N-{Iw- cq-]w-sIm-≠n-´n-√.- hym-g-Øn¬- ssl-t{Um-kƒ-
ss^-Un-s‚bpw- A-tam-Wn-bw- {I-n-kv-‰-ep-I-fp-sS-bpw- ssl-
{U-P-s‚bpw- Iq-sS- ln-a-I-W-ß-fp-s≠-¶n-epw- a-g-bpw- P-
em-i-b-ß-fp-an-√.- ln-a I-h-N-Øn¬- s]m-Xn-™p-In-S-°p-
∂- bq-dm--kn-s‚bpw- s-]v-‰yq-Wn-s‚bpw- A-¥-co-£-
Øn¬- ao-sX-bv-m-Wp-≈-Xv.-
Im-‰n-s-bpw- a-g-sb-bpw- `q-K¿-`-P-e-sØ-bpw- ]-‰n- hy-

5656
Iv-X-am-b- Im-gv-N-∏m-Sv- k-ao-]q-‰m-≠p-Iƒ-h-sc- im-kv-{X-
Øn-p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n√.- Izp¿B-s‚ A-h-X-c-W-Im-e-sØ-
A-d-_n-Iƒ-°v- im-kv-{X-Øn-s‚- _m-e-]m-T-ßƒ- t]m-epw-
A-dn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.- B- n-e-°v- Cu- Im-cy-ß-sf-∏-‰n-
B-[p-n-I- n-K-a--ß-fp-am-bn- tbm-Pn-°p-∂- {]Xn-]m-Z--
ß-f-m-Wv- Izp¿-B--n-ep-≈-Xv- F-∂- Im-cyw- Izp¿B-s‚
ssZ-hn-I-X-°v- km-£yw- h-ln-°p-∂p.- Im-‰v,- Im¿-ta-Lw,-
C-Sn-bpw- an∂-epw-,- a-g,- `qK¿-`P-ew- C-h-sb- H-cp- Nm-{In-
I{]-{In-b-bp-sS- `m-K-ßfm-bn- hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B≥- A-h-X-
cn-∏n-°p-∂p.-
`q-an-bn-se- {]-tXy-I- Xm-]-n-e-bm-Wv- a-s‰m-cp- n¿-Wm-
b-I- LS-Iw.- A-y-{K-l-ß-fn¬-n-∂p-am-{X-a-√,- `q-an-bp-
sS- D-]-{K-l-am-b- N{μ-n¬-n-∂p-t]m-epw- hy-Xy-kv-X-am-
bn- `q-an-bp-sS- D-]-cn-X-e-Øn-v- k¥p-e-n-X-am-b- Du-jv-am-hv-
¬-I-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.- A-¥-co-£-Øn-se-bpw- `q-K¿`-Øn-
se-bpw- k-hn-ti-j- km-l-N-cy-ß-fm-Wv- C-Xnv- k-lm-
bn-°p-∂-Xv.- X-Wp-Øp-d-bp-I-tbm- Np-s´-cn-bp-I-tbm- sN-
øm-Ø- Du-jv-a-f-am-b- H-cp- sa-Ø-bs{X- Cu- A¿-Y-Øn¬-
`q-X-ew.- cm-{Xn-Im-e-ß-fn¬- N-t{μm-]-cn-X-e-Øn-se- Xm-]w-
K-Wy-am-bn- Ip-dbp-tºmƒ- `qan-bn¬- A-ß-s- kw-`-hn-
°p-∂n-√.- `q-K¿-`-Xm-]w- D-]-cn-X-e-Øn-te-°v- t-cn-b- tXm-
Xn¬- kw-{I-an-°p-∂-Xm-Wv- C-Xn-v- Im-c-Ww.- ]-I¬- k-a-
b-Øv- A-¥-co-£-]m-fn-Iƒ- k-q-cy-c-iv-an-I-sf- A-cn-s®-Sp-
Øv- ip-≤o-I-cn-°p-I-bpw- sa-cp-°n-sb-Sp-Øv- ]m-I-s∏-SpØp-
I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p.-
kq-cy-p-am-bp-≈- A-I-e-Øn¬- `q-an-bp-tS-Xn¬-n-∂pw-

57
h-f-scsbm-∂pw- `n-∂-a-√m-Ø- ÿm--am-Wv- N-{μ-t‚Xv.- ]-
t£,- N-t{μm-]-cn-X-ew- H-cn-°-epw- Po-h-Pm-e-ßƒ-°v- sa-
Ø-sbm-cp-°p-I-bn-s√-∂m-Wv- F-√m- im-kv-{Xn-K-a--ß-
fpw- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂-Xv.- sh-≈an-√m-Ø,- Im-¥-h-e-bw-
Zp¿-_-e-am-b- N-t{μm-]-{K-lw- Xm-]-n-e-bnepw- `q-an-bn¬-
n-∂v- h-f-sc- `n-∂-am-Wv.-
N-{μ-s‚ a-[y-tc-Jm-{]-tZ-i-Øv- ´p-®-k-a-b-sØ- Xm-
]w- G-I tZ-iw- 1340
cbpw- A¿-≤-cm-{Xn-bn¬- -˛1530
cbpw
B-Ip-∂p.- A-sX- s]mcn-bp-∂- D-®-bpw- X-Wp-Øp-d-bp-∂-
cm-{Xn-bpw.- ssSw- A-‰v-e-kv- tc-J s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv- Im-Wp-
I-:-
That the Earth and Moon are very different world is
beyond doubt. But how they evolved so differently is still a
matter for conjecture (Time Atlas 6th Edn. 1980)
""`q-an-bpw- N-{μ-pw- h-f-sc- hn-`n-∂-am-b- tem-I-ß-fm-
Ip-∂p- F∂- h-kv-Xp-X- kw-i-bm-Xo-X-a-s{X.- ]-s£,- C-
{X-bpw- hy-Xym-k-ap-≈-Xm-bn- A-h- F-ß-s- ]-cn-W-an-®p-
F-∂- hn-j-b-sØ- ]-‰n- C-t∏mgpw- Du-ln-°m-t- I-gn-bq''.-
]¿-h-X-ßƒ- `q-an-bp-sS- B-Wn-Iƒ-
""mw- `q-an-sb- sXm-´n-epw- ]¿-Δ-X-ß-sf- B-Wn-I-fp-
am-°n-bn-t√?''- (Izp¿B≥- 78:-7)-
]p-cm-X-- A-d-_n-Iƒ-t°m- a-‰v- P--hn-`m-K-ßƒ-t°m-
]¿-h-Xßƒ- `q-an-bp-sS- B-Wn-I-fm-sW-∂- [m-c-W- D-≠m-
bn-cp-∂n-√.- A-hcp-sS- Ir-Xn-I-fn-sem-∂pw- ]¿-h-X-sØ-]-
‰n- A-ß-s-sbm-cp- ho-£Ww- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂n-√.- A-Xp-

5858
sIm-≠v- X-s∂- D-]-cyp-Iv-X- Izp¿B≥- kq-Iv-X-sØ- im-
kv-{Xo-bm-S-n-ÿm--an-√m-Ø- H-cp- {]-kv-Xm-ham-bn- ]-e-cpw-
Nn-{Xo-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v.-
F-∂m¬- `q-K¿-`-im-kv-{X- cw-K-sØ- B-[p-n-I- K-th-
j-W-ßƒ- sX-fn-bn-°p-∂-Xv- ]¿-h-X-ßƒ- `q-an-sb- kw-
_-‘n-®n-S-tØm-fw- GX¿-Y-Øn-epw- B-Wn-I-fm-sW-∂m-
Wv.-
`q-K¿-`-im-kv-{X-Øn-se- H-cp- B-[n-Im-cn-I- {K-v-Y-Øn¬-
tc-Js∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv- tm-°p-I-:-
The failure of certain earth quake waves to pass beneath
huge granitic ranges and reduced attraction of gravity near
such mountain masses suggest that those mountains reach
down to considerable depths-having roots as it were, in the
underlying basalt like an iceberg's their submerged part is
greater than their exposed parts. The granitic zone under
mountains may be as much as four times as thick as it is
under plains.
(Geolog Richard M. pearl 3rd Edn 1966 published by
Barnes & noble. Newyork)
""I--Ø- I-cn-ºm-d-I-fp-≈- ta-J-e-Iƒ-°n-S-bn-eq-sS- `q-
I-º- Xcw-K-ßƒ-°v- I-S-∂p-t]m-Im≥- I-gn-bp-∂n-√- F-∂-
Xpw- A-Ø-cw- ]¿h--X-`m-K-ßƒ-°-Sp-Øv- Kp-cp-Xzm-I¿-j-
Ww- Ip-d-bp-∂p-sh-∂-Xpw- kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv- B- ]¿-h-X-
ßƒ- K-Wy-am-b- Af-hn¬- D-≈n-te-°v- B≠p-In-S-°p-∂p-
sh-∂m-Wvv- A-Y-hm- A-Snbn¬- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂- _-kmƒ-
´n¬- sN-‰p-ap-´p-∂- th-cp-Iƒ- A-h-bv-°p-s≠-∂m-Wv.- H-cp-
sF-kv- _¿Kn-s‚ (ln-am-n-bp-sS) s]m-ßn-°m-Wp-∂- `m-

59
K-tØ-°mƒ- F-{X-tbm- h-ep-Xm-bn-cn-°pw- ap-ß-n-°n-S-°p-
∂- `m-K-sa-∂-t]m-se ]¿-h-X-ßƒ-°v- Io-gn-ep-≈- I-cn-ºm-
d- ta-J-e- k-a-X-e-ßƒ°v- Io-sg-bp-≈-Xn-s‚ m-en-c-´n-
tbm-fw- I--ap-≈-X-m-bn-cn-°pw''.-
`q-an-bp-sS- k-¥p-en-X-Xz-Øn¬- ]¿-h-X-ßƒ-°p-≈- ]-
¶m-Wv- hnip-≤- Izp¿B≥- ssZ-hn-IZr-jv-Sm-¥sa-∂- n-e-
bn¬- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂- a-s‰m-cp- Im-cyw.- C-∂pw- A-]-
Iz-a-Xn-I-fm-b- hn-a¿-i-I-∑m¿- X-≈n-∏-dbm-dp-≈- Cu- ssZ-
hn-IZr-jv-Sm-¥-sØ- km-£y-s∏-Sp-Xp-∂- hn-[-Øn-em-Wv- B-
[p-n-I- K-th-j-W-ßƒ- o-ßp-∂-Xv.-
""`q-an-bn¬- mw- D-d-®p-n¬-°p-∂- ]¿-h-X-ß-fp-≠m-
°n-bn-cn-°p∂p-.- `q-an- A-h-sc-bpw sIm-≠v- o-ßnt∏m-
Im-Xn-cn-°m≥''- (Izp¿B≥- 21:-31).-
a-‰v- A-t-Iw- h-m-Iy-ß-fn-epw- ]¿-h-X-ßƒ- ¬-Ip-∂-
kp-ÿnc-X- Izp¿B≥- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂p≠v.-
`q-I-º-X-cw-K-ß-sf-bpw- `q-`m-K-{`w-i-ß-sf-bpw- `q-K¿-`-
N-e--ß-sf-bpw- ]-‰n-bp-≈- B-[p-n-I]-T--ßƒ- hn-ip-
≤- Izp¿B-n-s‚ A-h-X-c-W-Im-e-Øv- tem-I-Øn-v- A-
Pv-Rm-X-am-bn-cp-∂- [m-cm-fw- h-kv-Xp-X-Iƒ- sh-fn-®-Øv- sIm-
≠p-h-∂n-´p-≠v.- A-h-bn¬- ]-e-Xpw- ]¿-h-X-ß-sf-∏-‰n-bp-
≈- Izp¿B-n-I- ]-cm-a¿-i-ß-fpsS- k-Xy-X-bnte-°v- hn-
c¬- Nq-≠p-∂-X-s{X.-
`q-I-º-X-cw-K-ß-fp-sS- th-K-X-sb- n-b-{¥n-®p-sIm-≠pw,-
`q-tKm-f-Øn-s‚ B-¥-cn-I-hpw- _m-ly-hpam-b- L-S-- ]-
cn-c-£n-°p-∂-Xn¬- ]¿-h-X-ßƒ- h-ln-°p-∂- ]-¶v- `q-K¿-
`-im-kv-{Xw- B-[p-n-I- km-t¶-Xn-I- hn-Zy-bp-sS- k-lm-b-

6060
tØm-sS- C-∂v- kq-£v-a-am-bn- hne-bn-cp-Øns°m-≠n-cn-
°p-I-bm-Wv.- Zn-hy-Z¿-i--Øns‚ A-`m-h-Øn¬- 1400 h¿-
jw-ap-ºv- H-cp- hy-Iv-Xn-°v- Cu- hn-j-bw- ]-cm-a¿-in-°m≥-
Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.-
`q-tKm-fw- Izp¿B-n¬-
K-eo-en-tbm- K-eo-en-bm-Wv- `q-an- D-cp-≠-Xm-sW-∂v- {]-
kv-Xm-hn-®- B-Zyhy-Iv-Xn-sb-∂pw- A-t±-l-Øn-v- ap-ºv- F-
√m-h-cpw- [-cn-®n-cp∂-Xv- `q-an- ]-c-∂-Xm-sW-∂p-am-bn-cp-∂p-
sh-∂pw- ]-e-cpw- H-gp-°≥-a-ń¬- ]-d-bmdp-≠v.- Izp¿B-n¬-
]-c-∂- `q-an-sb-∏-‰n-bm-Wv- ]-d-™n-´p-≈-sX-∂pw- ap-kv-enw-
I-sfm-s°- `q-an- ]-c∂Xm-sW-∂m-bn-cp-∂p- [-cn-®n-cp-∂-sX-
∂pw- C-kv-emw- hn-cp-≤¿- ]-d-™p--S-°m-dp-≠v.- C-°q´¿-
hn-ip-≤- Izp¿Bs-∏-‰n-bpw- ap-kv-enw- N-cn-{X-sØ-∏-‰n-bpw-
A-Pv-R-cm-sW-∂v- am-{X-a-√,- s]m-Xp-hn-Pv-Rm--Øn¬-t]m-
epw- ]-cnXm-]-Ic-amw-hn-[w- ]n-t∂m-°-am-sW-∂m-Wv- sX-
fn-bn-°p-∂-Xv.-
k-l-{km-_v-Z-ßƒ-°v- ap-ºp-X-s∂- Cu-Pn-]v-‰p-Im-cpw-
tdm-am-°mcpw- a-‰pw- 3651
/4 Zn-h-k-ap-≈- ku-c-h¿jw- K-
Wn-®n-cp-∂p-sh-∂v- Ncn-{X-Øn-s‚ _m-e-]m-T-sa-¶n-epw- ]-
Tn-®-h¿-s°m-s°- A-dn-bmw.- Ipsd- {]mh-iyw- ss¬- -
Zn-bn¬- ]-c-am-h-[n- sh-≈w- I-b--dp-∂- Znh-k-ßƒ- n-co-
£n-®n-´v- A-Ø-cw- c-≠v- Zn-h-kßƒ- X-Ωn-ep-≈- A-I-ew-
I-W-°m-°n- A-Xn-s‚ i-cm-i-cn- K-Wn-®n-´m-Wv- 3651
/4 F-
∂- D-Ø-cw- In-ńbsX-∂v- ù-Xn-I-hm-Zn-bm-b- H-cp- -c-hw-
i- imkv-{X-Pv-R≥- tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-°-≠p.- Pq-en-b≥- I-e-
≠¿- cq-]w-sIm-≠Xv- F-hn-sS- sh-≈w- I-b-dn-b-Xn-s‚ I-

61
W-°p-tm-°n-bn-´m-sW-∂v- B-cpw- F-hn-sS-bpw- F-gpXn-
°-≠n-√.- `q-an- kq-cy-v- Np-‰pw- H-cp- {]Z£n-Ww- ]q¿-Øn-
bm-°m-s-Sp-°p-∂- k-a-b-Øn-v- Xp-ey-am-b- H-cp-h¿-jw-
I-Wn-i-am-bn- K-Wn-®-h¿- ]m-b- t]m-se-tbm- ]-∏-Sw- t]m-
se-tbm- D-≈- `q-an-sb- a--kn¬- I≠p-sIm-≠m-Wv- A-ß-
s- sN-bv-X-sX-∂v- hm-Zn-°m≥- n-jv-]-£-a-Xn-Iƒ-°v- km-
[y-a-√.- K-eo-en-tbm- ]n-d-°p-∂-Xn-v- q-‰m-≠p-Iƒ-°v- ap-
ºp-X-s∂- ap-kv-enwim-kv-{X-⁄-∑m-cpw- a-X-]-Wv-Un-X-∑m-
cpw- `q-an-bpsS- tKm-fm-Ir-Xn-sb-∏-‰n- tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-
≠v.-
Any how, the fact of the earth being a sphere of very
small dimensions in comparison to the size of the universe
was accepted without a position by every Arabian Scholar,
and the very first scientific work undertaken after the vise of
Astronomy among them was a determination of the size of
the earth. It was carried out by order of Khalif Al-Mamoon
in the plane Palmyra according to the account given by Ibn
Junus that the length of a degree was measured by two ob-
servers between Wamia and Tadmoor and by two others in
another locality we are not tole where. The first measure
given a degree equal to 57, and second one equal to 56.25
Arabian milesof 4000 black cubits, and the approximate
mean 3652
/3 -miles was adopted as the final research. The
cricumference of the earth being 20400 miles and the diam-
eter 6500 miles.
(A History of Astronomy from Thales to Kepler by Ile
Dreyar. 2nd Edn.Dover Publication, New york)
""{]-]-©-hp-am-bn- Xp-e-w- sN-øp-tºmƒ- h-f-sc- sN-dn-

6262
b- ]-cn-amWw-- am-{X-ap-≈- H-cp- tKm-f-am-Wv- `q-ansb-∂- h-
kv-Xp-X- G-tXm- hn[-Øn¬- A-td-_y≥- ]-Wv-Un-X-∑m¿-
°n-S-bn¬- A-n-tj-[y-am-b- kzoIm-cyX- t-Sn-°-gn-™n-
cp-∂p.- A-h¿-°n-S-bn¬- tPym-Xn-im-kv-{X-Øn-s‚ D-Z-v-K-Xn-
sb-Xp-S¿-∂v- BZy-am-bn- S-Ø-s∏-´- im-kv-{Xo-b- kw-cw-
`w- `-q-an-bp-sS- h-en-∏w- n¿-W-bn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- ]m¬an-
dm- k-a-X-eØn¬- J-eo-^m- am-aq-p-s‚ D-Ø-c-hv- {]-Im-c-am-
Wv- AXv- -S-∂-Xv.- C-_v-p-bq-p-kv- ¬-In-bn-´p-≈- hn-h-
c-ß-fp-k-cn-®v- A∂v- m-ev- n-co-£-I-∑m¿- tN¿-∂v- H-cp-
Un-{Kn-bp-sS- ssZ¿-Lyw- A-f°p-I-bm-Wv- sN-bv-XXv.- c-≠p-
t]¿- hm-an-bv-°pw- X-Zv-aq-dn-pw- C-S-°pw,- a-‰v- c-≠p-t]¿- tc-
J-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-ń-ń-√m-Ø- a-s‰m-cp- ta-J-e-bn-ep-am-Wv- A-
f-hp-I-sf-Sp-Ø-Xv.- B-Zyw- In-ń-b- A-f-h-p-k-cn-®v- H-cp- Un-
{Kn- 57 A-td-_y≥- m-gnI-°v- Xp-ey-am-bn-cp-∂p.- c-≠m-a-Xv-
In-ńb- A-f-h-p-k-cn-®v- 56.-25m-gn-I-bpw.- 4000ap-g-a-s{X- H-
cp- A-td_y≥- m-gn-I.- A-¥n-a- hn-i-I-e--Øn¬- c-≠v-
A-f-hp-I-fp-sS-bpw- Iq-Sn- G-ItZ-i- i-cm-i-cn- 3651
/3 mgn-
I- H-cp- Un-{Kn-bp-sS- ssZ¿-Ly-am-bn- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-
∂p.- A-ß-s- `q-an-bp-sS- Np-‰-f-hv- 20400 mgn-I-bm-bpw-
hym-kw- 6500 m-gn-I-bm-bpw- K-Wn-°-s∏-´p''- (tPym-Xn-im-
kv-{X- N-cn-{Xw- sX-bv¬-kv- apX¬- sI-π¿- h-sc).-
`q-an-sb- H-cp- tKm-f-am-bn- I-≠-p-sIm-≠v- C-kv-em-an-s‚
{]-`m-h Im-e-Øv- (tIm-∏¿- n-°-kpw- K-eoentbmbpw- P-
n-°p-∂-Xn-v- q‰m-≠p-Iƒ-°v- ap-ºv) -S-Ø-s∏-´- n-co-
£-W- K-th-j-W-ß-fp-sS- sNdnsbm-cw-iw- am-{X-am-Wv- Cu-
D-≤-c-Wn-bn¬- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°-s∏-´Xv.- hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B-
n-s‚ ssZ-hn-I-X-bn¬ ]q¿-W-am-bn- hn-izm-k-a¿-∏n-®n-cp-

63
∂-h¿- X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p- Cu- K-th-j-W-ß-fn-te¿-s∏-´n-
cp-∂-Xv.- `q-an- tKm-fm-Ir-Xn-b-m-bn-cn-°p-I- F-∂-Xv- Izp¿B-
v- hn-cp-≤-am-sW-∂v- A-h-tcm- A-h-cp-sS- k-a-Im-en-I-cm-
b- apkv-enw- ]-WvUn-X-∑m-tcm- n-cq-]n-°p-I-t]m-epw- sN-
bv-Xn-´n-√.-
X-s∂-bp-a-√- kq-cy-N-{μ-∑m-sc-bpw- cm-∏-I-ep-I-sf-bpw-
]-‰n- {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂- k-μ¿-`-ß-fn¬- hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B≥-
- kzo-I-cn-®n-´p-≈- ssien- hy-Iv-X-am-bpw- tKmfm-Ir-Xn-sb-
Ip-dn-°p-∂-Xm-sW-∂- Imcy-Øn¬- ap-kv-enw- k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-
se- {]-ap-J- ]-Wv-Un-X-∑m¿-°v- X¿-°-an-s√-∂v- am-k-∏n-d-
hn-sb-∏-‰n-bp-≈- H-cp- eLp-Ir-Xn-bn¬- ssiJp¬- C-kv-
emw- C-_v-p-ssX-an-ø - kv-]-jv-S-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v.- {]ap-J-
Izp¿B≥- hym-JymXmhm-b- C-amw- dm-kn- bpw- C-°m-
cyw- A-k∂n-Kv-≤-am-bn- Xp-d-∂v- ]-d-™n-´p-≠v.- C-_v-p-ssX-
an-b- bpw- Camw- dmkn- bpw- -thm-∞m--Im-e-Øn-v- F-
{X-tbm- ap-ºv- C-kv-em-an-I- hn-⁄m-o-b-ß-fp-sS- sh-fn-
®Øn¬- Im-cy-ßƒ- tm-°n-°-≠- ]-Wv-Un-X∑m-c-s{X.-
hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B-n-s‚ A-am-p-jn-I-X-°p-≈- Hm-tcm-
sX-fnhpw- A-]-{K-Yn-®v- Cu- e-Lp-Ir-Xn- hen®p-o-´m-p-
t±-in-°p-∂n-√.-
a-p-jy-sc-∏-‰n-bpw- {]-]-©-sØ-∏-‰n-bpw- a-p-jy-s‚ ]-
X--Ønpw- D¬-I¿-j-Øn-pw- n-Zm--am-b- au-en-I- h-
kv-Xp-X-I-sf-∏-‰n-bpw- hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B≥- A-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-
∂- B-i-b-ßƒ- tI-hew- H-cp- a-pjy-s‚ Nn-¥-I-fm-bn-
cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬- A-h- H-cn-°-epw- nXy-k-Xy-ß-fm-Ip-am-bn-
cp-∂n-√.- Im-e-tZ-i-ßfp-sS- A-Xn¿-h-c-ºp-Iƒ-°-∏p-d-tØ-

6464
°v- A-h- o-≠p-n¬-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.- Cu- h-kv-Xp-X- kp-
X-cmw- hy-Iv-Xam-°p-∂-X-s{X- ap-I-fn¬- ]-cm-a¿-in-°-s∏-´-
sXfn-hp-Iƒ.-
h-m-b--°m-tcm-Sv,-
a-p-jy≥- k-Xyw- kzo-I-cn-°-W-sa-∂v- n¿-_-‘-an-√.-
]t£,- k-Xyw- F-¥m-sW-∂v- I-≠p-]n-Sn-°mp-≈- Xm¬-
]-cy-an-√m-bv-a- ap-jym-kv-Xn-Xz-Øn-p--X-s∂- A-]-am--am-
Wv.- A-Xn-s- n-tj-[n-°m≥- im-iz-X- -c-I-Øn-se-Øp-
∂- ]m-X-I-am-Wv.-
ssZhw- a-p-jy-v- hn-th-Nn-°m-p-≈- I-gn-hv- ¬-In-b-
Xn-m¬- a-p-jy≥- h-kv-Xp-n-jv-T-am-bn- hn-thNn-°p-sa-∂v-
{]-Xo-£n-°p-∂p-sh-∂m-Wv- C-kv-emw- ]-Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.- Nn-
¥n-°p-I,- tNm-Zyw- sN-øpI,- ho-≠pw- Nn-¥n-°p-I.-
C-kv-em-an-s‚ G-sX-¶n-epw- H-cp- A-[ym-]-w- h-f-sc-
[r-Xn-bn¬- kzo-I-cn-°p-hm≥- B-cpw- Xm-¶-sf- n¿-_-‘n-
°p-I-bn-√.- Ckv-emw- a-p-jy-v- kz-ta-[-bm- Nn-¥n-®v- sX-
c-s™-Sp-°p-hm-p-≈-k-zm-X-{¥yw- A-p-h-Zn-°p-∂p.- C-kv-
em-an-s- ]-‰n- Xm-¶-fp-sS- A-dn-hv- k-a-{K-amtWm- F-∂v- kz-
bw- ]-cn-tim-[n-°p-I.- D≈- A-dn-hv- A-ap-kv-enw- aqe-ß-
fn¬-n-∂pw- e-`n-®-Xm-tWm- F-∂pw.- A-Ø-cw- aqe-ßƒ-
Hcp-]-s£,- Ckv-em-an-s- kw-_-‘n-®- `m-Kn-IZr-iy-ß-
fn¬-n-∂v- cq]-s∏-´-Xpw- h-kv-Xp-n-jv-T-hpw- {I-a-hp-am-b-
]cntim-[--°v- hn-t[-bam-°m-Ø-h-bpw- BIm-n-S-bp-≈-
h-bm-tWm- F-∂pw- ]-cn-tim-[n-°pI.-
H-cp- ]-Yym-lm-cw- A-Xv- cp-Nn-®p-tm-°m-Ø-h-cn¬-n-
∂p-≈- tI´p-tIƒ-hn-bp-sS- A-Sn-ÿm--Øn¬- kzm-Zn-jv-S-

65
am-tWm- F-∂v- Xo-cpam-n-°p-∂-Xv- ym-b-bp-Iv-X-am-tWm?-
A-√-t√-m.- A-Xp-t]m-se- C-kvem-ans- kw-_-‘n-®v- Xm-
¶ƒ- H-cp- A-`n-{]m-bw- cq-]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv- hn-iz-kv-X-am-b-
aq-e-ß-fn¬- n-∂m-bncn°-Ww.- A-Xv- cp-Nn-®p-tm-°p-I-
am-{X-a-√- A-Xv- Z-ln-°p-I-bpw- th-Ww,- Xm-¶ƒ- H-cp- A-
`n{]m-bw- cq]s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-v- ap-ºv.- A-Xm-bn-cn-°pw- C-
kv-em-an-t-m-Sp≈- _p-≤n-am-s‚ k-ao-]-w.-
Xm-¶ƒ-X-s∂- A-Sp-Ø-]-Sn- sX-c-s™-Sp-°p-I.- sX-c-
s™-Sp-°p-hm-p-≈- Xm-¶-fp-sS- kzm-X-{¥y-hpw,- ssZ-hw-
¬-In-b- Xm-¶-fp-sS- Nn-¥m-i-Iv-Xn-bpw- tN-X--bpw- D-]-
tbm-Kn-°p-hm-p-≈ kzm-X-{¥yhpw- B-Zcn-°-s∏-Sp-sa-∂v-
C-kv-emw- n-c-¥-cw- Xm-¶ƒ-°v- D-d-∏v- X-cp-∂p-sh-∂-Xv- Xm-
¶-sf- k-lm-bn-°pw.- F-√m-ap-jy¿-°pw- Cu- kzm-X-{¥y-
hm-Rv-O-bp-≠v.- a-s‰m-cmƒ-°pw- A-Xv- Xm-¶-fn¬-n-∂v- F-
Sp-Øp-I-f-bm≥- A-[n-Im-c-an-√.- k-Xy-Øn-te-°p-≈- Xm-
¶-fp-sS- _p-≤n-]-c-am-b- bm-{X- kp-J-{]-Z-am-°-s´- F-∂pw-
Xm-¶ƒ-°v- tem-I-{k-jvSm-hv- k-Xyw- kzo-I-cn-°m-p-≈-
sI¬-∏v- ¬-I-s´- F-∂pw- R-ßƒ- B-iw-kn-°p-∂p.-
Xm-¶ƒ-°v- C-kv-em-an-s- kw-_-‘n-®v- h-kv-Xp-n-jv-S-
am-bn- ]Tn-°-W-sa-∂v- B-{K-l-ap-s≠-¶n¬- n-®v- Hm-^v- {Sq-
Øn-s- k-ao-]n°pI.-

6666
kXyØns≥d hnf°pamSw
apgph≥ apjycpsSbpw ∑°pw
CltemIsØbpw ]ctemIsØbpw hnPbØnpambn
{]]©mY≥ ¬Inb ktμiamWv Ckvemw.
CXv ]n¥pStc≠Xv apjycpsS _m[yXbmWv.
c£bnte°pw kam[mØnte°pw
im¥nbnte°pamWXv £Wn°p∂Xv.
]ctemI hnPbamWXns≥d e£yw.
AXnmbn,
GImb A√mlpsh am{Xw Bcm[n°pI
Ah≥ aplΩZv _nbneqsS ¬Inb ktμiw
]n¥pScpI.
Cu kXyØnte°v F√mhscbpw £Wn°p∂p.
_v[s∏SpI:
NICHE OF TRUTH
P.B. N0: 832, Poothole, Thrissur-4.
Tel: 9746547777
Email:dawa@nicheoftruth.org
www.nicheoftruth.org

67

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