Module 2 youth in the community ppt v 15.3.13

Module 2
Youth in the Community
(c) Copyright CTA CODE of Course CHC51408, MODULE 2 Version Date: 15.03.2013
CHCCD412B Work within a
Community Development Framework
1

Principles and practises of
Community Development work
 Structural disadvantage and Inequality
 Social Justice and Human Rights
 Participation and Empowerment
 Political process
2

Structural disadvantage and
inequality
 Lack of community services, employment
opportunities, shops or social/recreational
opportunities in an area
 Specific groups in a community are
marginalised and lack access to some features
of their communities; or those features are
not appropriate for them
3

Disadvantaged Groups may include:
 Children and young people
 Those with mental health issues
 Minority racial, cultural or
religious groups
 Low Socio economic status
 The elderly
 Those with disabilities
 The socially isolated
 Those with special needs: drug
addicts, gamblers, victims of
domestic violence, homeless,
etc.
4

Social Justice and Human Rights
 Social Justice is built upon the concepts of Human
Rights and Equality
 Social Justice rejects disadvantage. Everyone
should enjoy the same freedoms and life
opportunities
 Community development aims to provide social
justice by eliminating social imbalances in a
community

Participation and Empowerment
 One of the aims of Community Development is
for political empowerment of individuals and
groups within a community
 This political power is often expressed through
opportunities for community participation in
decision making
 This can involve having a say in the design of
community programs that you hold an interest in
or to have your vote on the outcome of an
important decision that affects your community
6 (c) Copyright CTA CODE of Course CHC51408, MODULE 2 Version Date: 15.03.2013

Participation and Empowerment cont.
 You can empower people by giving them an
opportunity to express their needs and to
influence the decision making process
 In community development that means listening
to the needs of all community members and
allowing everyone to have their say on the
decisions being made
 True empowerment involves supporting
community members to effectively participate in
the decision making process. For example:
 by hosting community meetings
 by providing them with all the information they
need to make informed decisions

Community Participation and
Empowerment
 A developer wants to build a beachfront resort.
The local council hosts a community meeting to
discuss the proposal. Some people are for the
development because it will create jobs and extra
tourist dollars for local businesses. Others are
worried about losing access to the beach and
have environmental concerns
 The community meeting allows everyone to
express their concerns and share ideas on how
the proposal can be amended so that it is
acceptable for all
 The decisions made in the meeting are then
incorporated into the development plan

Why is Community Participation and
Empowerment important?
 Professional experts and Politicians are not
perfect; they do not always make the best
decisions
 The best decisions are made when all relevant
information is available
 Local knowledge, experience, values and beliefs
are important. This information paired with
expert knowledge is most likely to lead to
successful decision making
 Community members are more likely to support
the final outcome when they have participated in
the decision making process

Political Process
 Through Community Participation and
Empowerment, political power is granted to
individual community members
 Depending on the organisation, council or
government department that has set up the
process, the power of individuals in the
participation process can range from token to
complete decision making powers
 Decisions can be made via a public vote or the
end outcome can be the result of careful analysis
of the feedback and either a partial or complete
deferral to community opinion or advice
10

Political Process; Stakeholders
 Other times a reference group of stakeholders is
chosen/elected to work in collaboration with the
decision-making body or organisation; working
together for an appropriate outcome
 When conducting Community Consultation it is
important to balance the community participation and
empowerment outcomes
 It is often not feasible to try and get the whole
community involved in decision making processes, part
of what a community worker must do is to identify the
key stakeholders
 The key stakeholders are the people who are most
affected by what is happening and the final decision

Community Consultation
 It is often a matter of policy that community
consultation be done and the views of community
members to be considered in decision making
 Community organisations, local councils and
government departments can conduct community
consultation
 A good community consultation where advice is
heeded leads to community acceptance of the final
decision. If the community’s advice is ignored, the
final decision may be rejected by that community

Models of work for Community
Development
 Locality Development Work
 Brokering connections between
communities and systems
 Community needs analysis
 Research
 Social Action
 Advocacy

Social Action Model
 Social Action or Group Action is where individuals
with an issue will band together to be heard and
create political power for themselves
 Social Action is often coordinated by a number of
volunteers who do fundraisers, rallies, advertising
campaigns and petitions to promote and advocate
for their cause
 Social Action groups become more powerful as
they grow in membership
 Politicians can co-operate with social action
groups to gain their support
 Politicians who ignore powerful social action
groups risk being dumped at the next election

Advocacy Model
 Similar to the Social Action Model
 Advocates or Advocacy groups speak out for
disadvantaged or marginalised groups in an effort
to influence government policy to help support
those groups
 Advocacy groups actively engage in the political
process and are often sought to be involved as
stakeholders in decision making processes
 Charities often function in advocacy roles

Locality Development Work
 Locality development work is community
development that is initiated by the community
members that are in need (and professionals and
volunteers are invited to assist)
 An easy to recognise form of Locality Development
Work is disaster relief, for example cyclone, floods
 Locality Development Work is always controlled by
the community members seeking support and
outsiders are directed as to what needs to be done
to help them

Brokering connections between
communities and systems
 Another form of Community Development work is
when an organisation or government department
actively tries to forge links with communities to learn
how to make their services more user-friendly
 This is an area where community reference groups
come into play
 These reference groups provide on-going advice to
the organisation on things like policies, procedures
and needs in the community

Community needs analysis / research
 Forming and supporting a community
reference group can provide on-going
advice to an organisation on what they
should be doing. Sometimes an
organisation will just want a snap-shot of
what they should be doing next
 A community needs analysis or research
project is an exercise where community
members and stakeholders are
approached and their needs documented
(often as a survey). This data helps the
organisation plan what they should be
doing next

Working with Individuals in Groups
 In community development you will work with
many individuals from a wide variety of
backgrounds and a range of personalities
 An effective community development worker will be
respectful, friendly and a great listener
 When working with groups it is also important for
the worker to be able to push discussions along and
prevent them from going off-topic and also to
ensure everyone has a chance to express
themselves

Individual differences
 Talkative
 Shy
 Helpful
 Difficult
 Optimist
 Pessimist
 Respectful
 Disrespectful
 Prepared
 Unprepared

Individual differences
 Language
 Social, economic, physical and health issues
 Culture and cultural practices relating to:
 Religion / Spiritual Observances
 Family Relationships
 Status / Protocol
 Ceremonies / Celebrations
 Prohibition / Taboos

Areas of bias
 Pro-business
 Pro-environment
 Religious bias
 Cultural bias
 Age bias
 Bias against unemployed, homeless, drug
addiction, gamblers, etc
 Bias against illness, disability or mentally
health status
 Personal beliefs bias
 Bias to issues you are dealing with personally

Constructive Outcomes from
In community meetings the Community Development
Worker assumes the role of the facilitator
As a facilitator you must:
 Ensure everyone at the meeting understands what is
under discussion.
 Start with presentation, use agenda or info pamphlets
 Show no bias towards any group or individual
 Make sure everyone knows the rules for the meeting
and that those who break them will be asked to leave
 Ensure every person receives an equal opportunity to
express their ideas and opinions

Constructive Outcomes from
As a facilitator you must:
 Prevent discussions from going off-topic
 Prevent any one person from dominating the
discussions
 Conduct meetings in a culturally appropriate
manner
 Keep meetings to time and ensure agenda is
followed (if there is one) – an agenda can be
agreed on at the very start of the meeting
 Record discussions and outcome of meetings

Making a difference
 A community consultation meeting can by
itself provide valuable feedback for
organisations to improve programs or make
better decisions
 However for a more meaningful approach and
if there is enough community interest and
resources available, creating a community
reference or working group can be valuable

Making a difference
 A community reference or working group can be
formed by delegates of various stakeholder groups
or made up from elected representatives from a
community meeting
 A community reference group can be involved in
all steps of the decision making process and their
recommendations can be incorporated into the
plan for whatever is happening
26

Summary
 Community Development is action that serves the
needs of groups in a community that need
support and don’t have a voice
 Community Development is not led by the ideas
of “experts” and imposed upon communities
 Community Development is always informed by
the ideas, knowledge and values of community
members
 The outcomes of Community Development
include quality community services, programs,
policies, local laws and decisions for the sale and
use of public land and waters

Community Development is making a
Town or City Home for all Community
members

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