SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 1
Downloaden Sie, um offline zu lesen
Courtesy Deborah Levine




To obtain a high-quality nuchal translucency image, measure the maximum lucency perpendicular to the long axis of the fetal nuchal region.


ment. You’re looking at structures that are         Although special training is needed
extremely small, and calipers have to be         to perform NT screening, “it’s becoming
positioned precisely.”                           more in demand, and not enough facili-
                                                                                                    TO THE POINT
                                                 ties o er this,” says Kleiner. “Very few           • Nuchal translucency (NT)
A Valuable Education                             people are exposed to this unless they’re            screening, an obstetrical
   Levine describes several criteria             going into perinatology practice. I think            ultrasound test that can help
for a high-quality NT image. An NT               most [programs] aren’t giving residents              calculate risk for Down syn-
measurement should be obtained from              training in ultrasound.”                             drome and other chromosomal
an image magni ed to contain the fetal              Levine and other members of the ACR               abnormalities, is an opportunity
head and neck region, which should               Commission on Ultrasound are working                 for radiologists to recapture
represent at least two-thirds of the image.      with the Fetal Medicine Foundation and               obstetric ultrasound volume.
Additionally, the image should be in the         the Nuchal Translucency Quality Review             • Radiologists and sonographers
true sagittal plane (i.e., pro le of a fetus’s   Program to ensure that radiologists                  are uniquely suited to perform
face without an orbit in the image), with        and the technologists they work with                 NT screening because they
the fetus’s head in the neutral position.        continue to have access to the education             tend to look not just at the
Calipers should be “on-to-on” with               and quality-assurance programs o ered by             fetus but also at areas
respect to the ultrasound echoes sur-            these organizations.                                 surrounding the uterus.
rounding the NT. e maximum lucency                  Although more education and training            • Currently, two organizations
should be measured perpendicular to the          are necessary for such a specialized test, radi-     can certify individuals to
long axis of the fetal nuchal region.            ologists may be able to o er more compre-            perform NT screening, The
   A er the image is acquired, an algorithm      hensive screening for patients because “we           Fetal Medicine Foundation
is used to calculate the individualized          tend not to look only in the uterus, so we can       (www.fetalmedicineusa.com)
risk of trisomy 21, 18, or 13 from the           pick up other abnormalities,” says Kleiner.          and the Nuchal Translucency
NT measurement, biochemical markers              “If you’re going to o er to do obstetrical           Quality Review Program
(pregnancy-associated Plasma Protein A           imaging, it’s important to be able to o er the       (www.ntqr.org).
and free beta-HCG), and patient age.             entire spectrum of services.” //

                                                 Advocacy • Economics • Education • Clinical Research • Quality & Safety | 9

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

Breast imaging pitffals mri p taourel
Breast imaging pitffals mri p taourelBreast imaging pitffals mri p taourel
Breast imaging pitffals mri p taourel
JFIM
 
Poster presentation2
Poster presentation2Poster presentation2
Poster presentation2
Theresa Sheen
 

Was ist angesagt? (6)

Implementing SGRT for Left Breast DIBH from Start to Finish
Implementing SGRT for Left Breast DIBH from Start to FinishImplementing SGRT for Left Breast DIBH from Start to Finish
Implementing SGRT for Left Breast DIBH from Start to Finish
 
How to communicate with mammography patients
How to communicate with mammography patients How to communicate with mammography patients
How to communicate with mammography patients
 
Breast imaging pitffals mri p taourel
Breast imaging pitffals mri p taourelBreast imaging pitffals mri p taourel
Breast imaging pitffals mri p taourel
 
Poster presentation2
Poster presentation2Poster presentation2
Poster presentation2
 
Removal of Uterine Fibroid Tumors
Removal of Uterine Fibroid TumorsRemoval of Uterine Fibroid Tumors
Removal of Uterine Fibroid Tumors
 
BASIC OBSTETRIC ULTRASOUND TRAINING
BASIC OBSTETRIC ULTRASOUND TRAININGBASIC OBSTETRIC ULTRASOUND TRAINING
BASIC OBSTETRIC ULTRASOUND TRAINING
 

Ähnlich wie Nuchaltranslucency(NT) screening

Acs0305 Breast Procedur
Acs0305 Breast ProcedurAcs0305 Breast Procedur
Acs0305 Breast Procedur
medbookonline
 
Use of new image capturing and sharing systems in colposcopy training Ameli T...
Use of new image capturing and sharing systems in colposcopy training Ameli T...Use of new image capturing and sharing systems in colposcopy training Ameli T...
Use of new image capturing and sharing systems in colposcopy training Ameli T...
triumphbenelux
 
Nuchal Translucency Measurement on the Fetus in a Difficult Position
Nuchal Translucency Measurement on the Fetus in a Difficult PositionNuchal Translucency Measurement on the Fetus in a Difficult Position
Nuchal Translucency Measurement on the Fetus in a Difficult Position
Tony Terrones
 

Ähnlich wie Nuchaltranslucency(NT) screening (20)

Automated Cervicography Using a Machine Learning Classifier
Automated Cervicography Using a Machine Learning ClassifierAutomated Cervicography Using a Machine Learning Classifier
Automated Cervicography Using a Machine Learning Classifier
 
Isuog practice guidelines performance of first trimester fetal ultrasound scan
Isuog practice guidelines performance of first trimester fetal ultrasound scanIsuog practice guidelines performance of first trimester fetal ultrasound scan
Isuog practice guidelines performance of first trimester fetal ultrasound scan
 
Guía ISUOG sobre ecografía en embarazo gemelar
Guía ISUOG sobre ecografía en embarazo gemelarGuía ISUOG sobre ecografía en embarazo gemelar
Guía ISUOG sobre ecografía en embarazo gemelar
 
Detection of abnormalities in Fetus using Medical Image Processing
Detection of abnormalities in Fetus using Medical Image ProcessingDetection of abnormalities in Fetus using Medical Image Processing
Detection of abnormalities in Fetus using Medical Image Processing
 
Mid trimester scan
Mid trimester scan  Mid trimester scan
Mid trimester scan
 
Cervical incompetence
Cervical incompetenceCervical incompetence
Cervical incompetence
 
2. Fetal Imaging.pptx
2. Fetal Imaging.pptx2. Fetal Imaging.pptx
2. Fetal Imaging.pptx
 
Acs0305 Breast Procedur
Acs0305 Breast ProcedurAcs0305 Breast Procedur
Acs0305 Breast Procedur
 
radiology & imaging in OB/GYN
radiology & imaging in OB/GYNradiology & imaging in OB/GYN
radiology & imaging in OB/GYN
 
Screening when where why
Screening when where why Screening when where why
Screening when where why
 
ISUOG Mid-trimester Guidelines
ISUOG Mid-trimester GuidelinesISUOG Mid-trimester Guidelines
ISUOG Mid-trimester Guidelines
 
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY.pptx
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY.pptxARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY.pptx
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY.pptx
 
Women’s Health Imaging Center Awarded Prestigious Accreditation
Women’s Health Imaging Center Awarded Prestigious AccreditationWomen’s Health Imaging Center Awarded Prestigious Accreditation
Women’s Health Imaging Center Awarded Prestigious Accreditation
 
Assessment gestational age
Assessment gestational ageAssessment gestational age
Assessment gestational age
 
PELVIMETRY.pptx
PELVIMETRY.pptxPELVIMETRY.pptx
PELVIMETRY.pptx
 
Use of new image capturing and sharing systems in colposcopy training Ameli T...
Use of new image capturing and sharing systems in colposcopy training Ameli T...Use of new image capturing and sharing systems in colposcopy training Ameli T...
Use of new image capturing and sharing systems in colposcopy training Ameli T...
 
Circlage
CirclageCirclage
Circlage
 
Nuchal Translucency Measurement on the Fetus in a Difficult Position
Nuchal Translucency Measurement on the Fetus in a Difficult PositionNuchal Translucency Measurement on the Fetus in a Difficult Position
Nuchal Translucency Measurement on the Fetus in a Difficult Position
 
Breast imaging.pptx
Breast imaging.pptxBreast imaging.pptx
Breast imaging.pptx
 
Deep Learning Techniques for Breast Cancer Risk Prediction.pptx
Deep Learning Techniques for Breast Cancer Risk Prediction.pptxDeep Learning Techniques for Breast Cancer Risk Prediction.pptx
Deep Learning Techniques for Breast Cancer Risk Prediction.pptx
 

Mehr von Salvo Fedele

Risposta Del Dr Noto
Risposta Del Dr Noto Risposta Del Dr Noto
Risposta Del Dr Noto
Salvo Fedele
 
Dott Atti terapia ddh
Dott Atti terapia ddhDott Atti terapia ddh
Dott Atti terapia ddh
Salvo Fedele
 
Toxoplasmosi congenita e test sierologici
Toxoplasmosi congenita e test sierologiciToxoplasmosi congenita e test sierologici
Toxoplasmosi congenita e test sierologici
Salvo Fedele
 
Testing Treatments: Better Research for Better Healthcare
Testing Treatments: Better Research for Better HealthcareTesting Treatments: Better Research for Better Healthcare
Testing Treatments: Better Research for Better Healthcare
Salvo Fedele
 

Mehr von Salvo Fedele (20)

Risposta Del Dr Noto
Risposta Del Dr Noto Risposta Del Dr Noto
Risposta Del Dr Noto
 
i lavori infiniti del progetto "area pediatrica della città di Palermo"
i lavori infiniti del progetto "area pediatrica della città di Palermo"i lavori infiniti del progetto "area pediatrica della città di Palermo"
i lavori infiniti del progetto "area pediatrica della città di Palermo"
 
Sicilia eServizi: Procedura abilitazione del Browser per accedere al portale ...
Sicilia eServizi: Procedura abilitazione del Browser per accedere al portale ...Sicilia eServizi: Procedura abilitazione del Browser per accedere al portale ...
Sicilia eServizi: Procedura abilitazione del Browser per accedere al portale ...
 
2004 Prescrire: a drug company (MSD) sues an ISDB member bulletin, and loses...
2004 Prescrire: a drug company (MSD) sues an ISDB member bulletin, and loses...2004 Prescrire: a drug company (MSD) sues an ISDB member bulletin, and loses...
2004 Prescrire: a drug company (MSD) sues an ISDB member bulletin, and loses...
 
Lo strano caso del dottor Donzelli e del Signor MSD
Lo strano caso del dottor Donzelli e del Signor MSDLo strano caso del dottor Donzelli e del Signor MSD
Lo strano caso del dottor Donzelli e del Signor MSD
 
2001: quanto leggono i pediatri?
2001: quanto leggono i pediatri?2001: quanto leggono i pediatri?
2001: quanto leggono i pediatri?
 
2001: Intervista a Perry Klass pediatra e responsabile del progetto Reach out...
2001: Intervista a Perry Klass pediatra e responsabile del progetto Reach out...2001: Intervista a Perry Klass pediatra e responsabile del progetto Reach out...
2001: Intervista a Perry Klass pediatra e responsabile del progetto Reach out...
 
#NOECM: DAVE SACKETT’S GROUND RULES
#NOECM: DAVE SACKETT’S GROUND RULES#NOECM: DAVE SACKETT’S GROUND RULES
#NOECM: DAVE SACKETT’S GROUND RULES
 
Lo sai Mamma? L'importanza di assumere Acido Folico tre mesi prima della gra...
Lo sai Mamma?  L'importanza di assumere Acido Folico tre mesi prima della gra...Lo sai Mamma?  L'importanza di assumere Acido Folico tre mesi prima della gra...
Lo sai Mamma? L'importanza di assumere Acido Folico tre mesi prima della gra...
 
#doctorbridge So... is this my country? Un paese cosi?
#doctorbridge So... is this my country? Un paese cosi?#doctorbridge So... is this my country? Un paese cosi?
#doctorbridge So... is this my country? Un paese cosi?
 
Dott Atti terapia ddh
Dott Atti terapia ddhDott Atti terapia ddh
Dott Atti terapia ddh
 
Manifesto di Fabrizio Barca
 Manifesto di Fabrizio Barca Manifesto di Fabrizio Barca
Manifesto di Fabrizio Barca
 
Anteprima ibook ABC
Anteprima ibook ABC Anteprima ibook ABC
Anteprima ibook ABC
 
Toxoplasmosi congenita e test sierologici
Toxoplasmosi congenita e test sierologiciToxoplasmosi congenita e test sierologici
Toxoplasmosi congenita e test sierologici
 
Join the club
Join the clubJoin the club
Join the club
 
Media e/o salute
Media e/o saluteMedia e/o salute
Media e/o salute
 
Perché a Palermo bisogna votare Leoluca Orlando
Perché a Palermo bisogna votare Leoluca OrlandoPerché a Palermo bisogna votare Leoluca Orlando
Perché a Palermo bisogna votare Leoluca Orlando
 
Come sapere se una cura funziona"
Come sapere se una cura funziona"Come sapere se una cura funziona"
Come sapere se una cura funziona"
 
Testing Treatments: Better Research for Better Healthcare
Testing Treatments: Better Research for Better HealthcareTesting Treatments: Better Research for Better Healthcare
Testing Treatments: Better Research for Better Healthcare
 
Editoriale per MB del 1999
Editoriale per MB del 1999Editoriale per MB del 1999
Editoriale per MB del 1999
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

Russian Call Girls In Pune 👉 Just CALL ME: 9352988975 ✅❤️💯low cost unlimited ...
Russian Call Girls In Pune 👉 Just CALL ME: 9352988975 ✅❤️💯low cost unlimited ...Russian Call Girls In Pune 👉 Just CALL ME: 9352988975 ✅❤️💯low cost unlimited ...
Russian Call Girls In Pune 👉 Just CALL ME: 9352988975 ✅❤️💯low cost unlimited ...
chanderprakash5506
 
Difference Between Skeletal Smooth and Cardiac Muscles
Difference Between Skeletal Smooth and Cardiac MusclesDifference Between Skeletal Smooth and Cardiac Muscles
Difference Between Skeletal Smooth and Cardiac Muscles
MedicoseAcademics
 
Cara Menggugurkan Kandungan Dengan Cepat Selesai Dalam 24 Jam Secara Alami Bu...
Cara Menggugurkan Kandungan Dengan Cepat Selesai Dalam 24 Jam Secara Alami Bu...Cara Menggugurkan Kandungan Dengan Cepat Selesai Dalam 24 Jam Secara Alami Bu...
Cara Menggugurkan Kandungan Dengan Cepat Selesai Dalam 24 Jam Secara Alami Bu...
Cara Menggugurkan Kandungan 087776558899
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

Circulatory Shock, types and stages, compensatory mechanisms
Circulatory Shock, types and stages, compensatory mechanismsCirculatory Shock, types and stages, compensatory mechanisms
Circulatory Shock, types and stages, compensatory mechanisms
 
Call girls Service Phullen / 9332606886 Genuine Call girls with real Photos a...
Call girls Service Phullen / 9332606886 Genuine Call girls with real Photos a...Call girls Service Phullen / 9332606886 Genuine Call girls with real Photos a...
Call girls Service Phullen / 9332606886 Genuine Call girls with real Photos a...
 
Call Girls Bangalore - 450+ Call Girl Cash Payment 💯Call Us 🔝 6378878445 🔝 💃 ...
Call Girls Bangalore - 450+ Call Girl Cash Payment 💯Call Us 🔝 6378878445 🔝 💃 ...Call Girls Bangalore - 450+ Call Girl Cash Payment 💯Call Us 🔝 6378878445 🔝 💃 ...
Call Girls Bangalore - 450+ Call Girl Cash Payment 💯Call Us 🔝 6378878445 🔝 💃 ...
 
Russian Call Girls In Pune 👉 Just CALL ME: 9352988975 ✅❤️💯low cost unlimited ...
Russian Call Girls In Pune 👉 Just CALL ME: 9352988975 ✅❤️💯low cost unlimited ...Russian Call Girls In Pune 👉 Just CALL ME: 9352988975 ✅❤️💯low cost unlimited ...
Russian Call Girls In Pune 👉 Just CALL ME: 9352988975 ✅❤️💯low cost unlimited ...
 
Cardiac Output, Venous Return, and Their Regulation
Cardiac Output, Venous Return, and Their RegulationCardiac Output, Venous Return, and Their Regulation
Cardiac Output, Venous Return, and Their Regulation
 
Call Girls Kathua Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Kathua Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Kathua Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Kathua Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Bhawanipatna Call Girls 📞9332606886 Call Girls in Bhawanipatna Escorts servic...
Bhawanipatna Call Girls 📞9332606886 Call Girls in Bhawanipatna Escorts servic...Bhawanipatna Call Girls 📞9332606886 Call Girls in Bhawanipatna Escorts servic...
Bhawanipatna Call Girls 📞9332606886 Call Girls in Bhawanipatna Escorts servic...
 
💰Call Girl In Bangalore☎️63788-78445💰 Call Girl service in Bangalore☎️Bangalo...
💰Call Girl In Bangalore☎️63788-78445💰 Call Girl service in Bangalore☎️Bangalo...💰Call Girl In Bangalore☎️63788-78445💰 Call Girl service in Bangalore☎️Bangalo...
💰Call Girl In Bangalore☎️63788-78445💰 Call Girl service in Bangalore☎️Bangalo...
 
Difference Between Skeletal Smooth and Cardiac Muscles
Difference Between Skeletal Smooth and Cardiac MusclesDifference Between Skeletal Smooth and Cardiac Muscles
Difference Between Skeletal Smooth and Cardiac Muscles
 
Lucknow Call Girls Just Call 👉👉8630512678 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Lucknow Call Girls Just Call 👉👉8630512678 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableLucknow Call Girls Just Call 👉👉8630512678 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Lucknow Call Girls Just Call 👉👉8630512678 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Call Girls Wayanad Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Wayanad Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Wayanad Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Wayanad Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Cara Menggugurkan Kandungan Dengan Cepat Selesai Dalam 24 Jam Secara Alami Bu...
Cara Menggugurkan Kandungan Dengan Cepat Selesai Dalam 24 Jam Secara Alami Bu...Cara Menggugurkan Kandungan Dengan Cepat Selesai Dalam 24 Jam Secara Alami Bu...
Cara Menggugurkan Kandungan Dengan Cepat Selesai Dalam 24 Jam Secara Alami Bu...
 
Call Girls Service Jaipur {9521753030 } ❤️VVIP BHAWNA Call Girl in Jaipur Raj...
Call Girls Service Jaipur {9521753030 } ❤️VVIP BHAWNA Call Girl in Jaipur Raj...Call Girls Service Jaipur {9521753030 } ❤️VVIP BHAWNA Call Girl in Jaipur Raj...
Call Girls Service Jaipur {9521753030 } ❤️VVIP BHAWNA Call Girl in Jaipur Raj...
 
Lucknow Call Girls Service { 9984666624 } ❤️VVIP ROCKY Call Girl in Lucknow U...
Lucknow Call Girls Service { 9984666624 } ❤️VVIP ROCKY Call Girl in Lucknow U...Lucknow Call Girls Service { 9984666624 } ❤️VVIP ROCKY Call Girl in Lucknow U...
Lucknow Call Girls Service { 9984666624 } ❤️VVIP ROCKY Call Girl in Lucknow U...
 
Race Course Road } Book Call Girls in Bangalore | Whatsapp No 6378878445 VIP ...
Race Course Road } Book Call Girls in Bangalore | Whatsapp No 6378878445 VIP ...Race Course Road } Book Call Girls in Bangalore | Whatsapp No 6378878445 VIP ...
Race Course Road } Book Call Girls in Bangalore | Whatsapp No 6378878445 VIP ...
 
Call Girls Rishikesh Just Call 9667172968 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Rishikesh Just Call 9667172968 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Rishikesh Just Call 9667172968 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Rishikesh Just Call 9667172968 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM.pptx
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM.pptxANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM.pptx
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM.pptx
 
Chennai ❣️ Call Girl 6378878445 Call Girls in Chennai Escort service book now
Chennai ❣️ Call Girl 6378878445 Call Girls in Chennai Escort service book nowChennai ❣️ Call Girl 6378878445 Call Girls in Chennai Escort service book now
Chennai ❣️ Call Girl 6378878445 Call Girls in Chennai Escort service book now
 
7 steps How to prevent Thalassemia : Dr Sharda Jain & Vandana Gupta
7 steps How to prevent Thalassemia : Dr Sharda Jain & Vandana Gupta7 steps How to prevent Thalassemia : Dr Sharda Jain & Vandana Gupta
7 steps How to prevent Thalassemia : Dr Sharda Jain & Vandana Gupta
 
Call Girls in Lucknow Just Call 👉👉8630512678 Top Class Call Girl Service Avai...
Call Girls in Lucknow Just Call 👉👉8630512678 Top Class Call Girl Service Avai...Call Girls in Lucknow Just Call 👉👉8630512678 Top Class Call Girl Service Avai...
Call Girls in Lucknow Just Call 👉👉8630512678 Top Class Call Girl Service Avai...
 

Nuchaltranslucency(NT) screening

  • 1. Courtesy Deborah Levine To obtain a high-quality nuchal translucency image, measure the maximum lucency perpendicular to the long axis of the fetal nuchal region. ment. You’re looking at structures that are Although special training is needed extremely small, and calipers have to be to perform NT screening, “it’s becoming positioned precisely.” more in demand, and not enough facili- TO THE POINT ties o er this,” says Kleiner. “Very few • Nuchal translucency (NT) A Valuable Education people are exposed to this unless they’re screening, an obstetrical Levine describes several criteria going into perinatology practice. I think ultrasound test that can help for a high-quality NT image. An NT most [programs] aren’t giving residents calculate risk for Down syn- measurement should be obtained from training in ultrasound.” drome and other chromosomal an image magni ed to contain the fetal Levine and other members of the ACR abnormalities, is an opportunity head and neck region, which should Commission on Ultrasound are working for radiologists to recapture represent at least two-thirds of the image. with the Fetal Medicine Foundation and obstetric ultrasound volume. Additionally, the image should be in the the Nuchal Translucency Quality Review • Radiologists and sonographers true sagittal plane (i.e., pro le of a fetus’s Program to ensure that radiologists are uniquely suited to perform face without an orbit in the image), with and the technologists they work with NT screening because they the fetus’s head in the neutral position. continue to have access to the education tend to look not just at the Calipers should be “on-to-on” with and quality-assurance programs o ered by fetus but also at areas respect to the ultrasound echoes sur- these organizations. surrounding the uterus. rounding the NT. e maximum lucency Although more education and training • Currently, two organizations should be measured perpendicular to the are necessary for such a specialized test, radi- can certify individuals to long axis of the fetal nuchal region. ologists may be able to o er more compre- perform NT screening, The A er the image is acquired, an algorithm hensive screening for patients because “we Fetal Medicine Foundation is used to calculate the individualized tend not to look only in the uterus, so we can (www.fetalmedicineusa.com) risk of trisomy 21, 18, or 13 from the pick up other abnormalities,” says Kleiner. and the Nuchal Translucency NT measurement, biochemical markers “If you’re going to o er to do obstetrical Quality Review Program (pregnancy-associated Plasma Protein A imaging, it’s important to be able to o er the (www.ntqr.org). and free beta-HCG), and patient age. entire spectrum of services.” // Advocacy • Economics • Education • Clinical Research • Quality & Safety | 9