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State of the Art Thin Provisioning,[object Object],Stephen Foskett,[object Object],stephen@fosketts.net,[object Object],twitter.com/sfoskett,[object Object]
Storage Is Supposed To Be Getting Cheaper!,[object Object],Disk cost is dropping rapidly,[object Object],$250 buys:,[object Object],1994: 2 GB,[object Object],1999: 20 GB,[object Object],2004: 200 GB,[object Object],2009: 2000 GB,[object Object],But enterprise storage costs keep rising!,[object Object],2,[object Object]
Where Is The Cost?,[object Object],Hardware and software make up a small percentage of total enterprise storage spending…,[object Object],…and hard disk drive capacity makes up a small percentage of that!,[object Object],Data center/environmental, administrative personnel, maintenance, and data protection are much bigger,[object Object],The biggest opportunity is inefficiency, but this has always been hard to tackle,[object Object],3,[object Object]
Over-Allocation and Under-Utilization,[object Object],4,[object Object],Raw Disk Capacity Purchased,[object Object],Conventional storage provisioning is grossly inefficient,[object Object],Usable Protected Storage,[object Object],Capacity Allocated to Servers,[object Object],Requested Capacity,[object Object],Used by Files,[object Object],Required Capacity,[object Object]
Thin Provisioning Simplified!,[object Object],5,[object Object],Traditional storage provisioning,[object Object],Thin storage provisioning,[object Object],Allocated but unused,[object Object],Free for allocation,[object Object],Actually Used,[object Object],Used,[object Object]
Thin Provisioning: Potentially Problematic,[object Object],Storage is commonly over-allocated to servers,[object Object],Some arrays can “thinly” provision just the capacity that actually contains data,[object Object],500 GB request for new project, but only 2 GB of initial data is written – array only allocates 2 GB and expands as data is written,[object Object],What’s not to love?,[object Object],Oops – we provisioned a petabyte and ran out of storage,[object Object],Chunk sizes and formatting conflicts,[object Object],Can it thin unprovision?,[object Object],Can it replicate to and from thin provisioned volumes?,[object Object]
Are You Solving a Technical or Business Issue?,[object Object],7,[object Object]
Ever Play the “Telephone” Game?,[object Object],Application,[object Object],IV,[object Object],File/Record Layer,[object Object],File System,[object Object],Database,[object Object],III,[object Object],Each layer obscures the ones above and below it,[object Object],IIc,[object Object],Block,[object Object],Aggregation,[object Object],Host,[object Object],IIb,[object Object],Network,[object Object],Device,[object Object],IIa,[object Object],Storage Devices,[object Object],I,[object Object],SNIA Shared Storage Model,[object Object]
File System,[object Object],It’s (Relatively) Easy to Allocate on Write,[object Object],9,[object Object],As applications write data,[object Object],Storage,[object Object],Capacity is allocated,[object Object],File system write requests pass through to storage systems,[object Object],so they can wait to allocate as requested,[object Object]
File System,[object Object],But What About De-Allocate on Delete?,[object Object],10,[object Object],Data is deleted,[object Object],Storage,[object Object],Capacity is freed up,[object Object],Most file systems don’t send a consistent “de-allocate” message to storage,[object Object],so many thin systems get fatter over time,[object Object]
Two Approaches To Thin,[object Object],11,[object Object]
Server Smarts: Metadata Monitoring,[object Object],File system/VM combos can handle thin provisioning on their own,[object Object],ZFS, Veritas Volume Manager, VMware VMFS,[object Object],Arrays can “watch” an operating system allocate and de-allocate storage,[object Object],Perilous! Known file systems and volume formats only!,[object Object],Data Robotics Drobo supports FAT32, NTFS, HFS+,[object Object],12,[object Object],Drobo watches the file allocation table for deletes,[object Object],File System,[object Object],Storage,[object Object]
Storage Smarts: Zero Page Reclaim,[object Object],Storage arrays watch for “pages” containing all zeros and simply don’t write them,[object Object],IBM XIV, 3PAR, NetApp (with dedupe), HDS, EMC V-Max,[object Object],Some storage vendors rely on utilities to reclaim,[object Object],NetApp SnapDrive for Windows 5.0,[object Object],Compellent Free Space Recovery,[object Object],Veritas Storage Foundation Thin Reclamation,[object Object],Can also force it with sdelete,[object Object],13,[object Object]
Zero Page Reclaim: Pros and Cons,[object Object],Pro:,[object Object],Straightforward to implement in storage,[object Object],Some implementation: VMware eagerzeroedthick,[object Object],Con:,[object Object],Requires application/OS/file system to actually have written all zeroes - most just ignore unused space rather than zeroing,[object Object],Most implementations are page-based,[object Object],Drives more I/O,[object Object],VMware thin/thick don’t work,[object Object],14,[object Object]
The Lingo: WRITE_SAME,[object Object],Facilitates zero page reclaim,[object Object],“Write this block 1,000,000 times”,[object Object],Pro:,[object Object],Conserves I/O operations,[object Object],Popular with array vendors,[object Object],Exists and is even implemented (a little),[object Object],Con:,[object Object],Depends on file system layer intelligence,[object Object],Still introduces extra I/O,[object Object],Could be very, very bad in a thin-unaware array,[object Object],15,[object Object]
The Bridge: Veritas Thin API,[object Object],Thin Reclamation API can communicate de-allocation to arrays by zeroing using WRITE_SAME/UNMAP,[object Object],Introduced in 5.0 (UNIX) and 5.1 (Windows),[object Object],Supports 3PAR, EMC CLARiiON CX4, HDS USPV/VM, HP XP20k/24k, IBM XIV,[object Object],Will also support Compellent, EMC Symmetrix DMX, Fujitsu Eternus, HP EVA, HDS AMS, IBM DS8k, NetApp,[object Object],SmartMove copies only allocated blocks,[object Object],Supports any/all storage systems,[object Object],Works with thin-capable arrays,[object Object],Speeds up migrations in all cases,[object Object],16,[object Object]
What About TRIM?,[object Object],TRIM (ATA) and TRIM/UNMAP/PUNCH (SCSI) can inform storage that a block is no longer needed,[object Object],Designed for SSD architecture:,[object Object],Cells grouped into 4 kB pages and 512 kB blocks,[object Object],Only empty pages can be written to,[object Object],Writing to empty pages is quick!,[object Object],Writing to used pages requires a block erase,[object Object],Read-erase-write is slow(er),[object Object],OS support for TRIM:,[object Object],Windows 7 & Server 2008 R2,[object Object],Linux 2.6.33, Open Solaris, FreeBSD 9,[object Object],17,[object Object]
TRIM Isn’t For Thin,[object Object],Not really a thin-provisioning command but could play one on TV,[object Object],NetApp proposed a hole punching standard to INCITS T10 committee,[object Object],HDS and EMC prefer UNMAP bit,[object Object],A similar NetApp approach uses NFS and a Windows file system redirect,[object Object]
More Obstacles!,[object Object]
Large page – no thin provisioning,[object Object],Granularity (Page Sizes),[object Object],20,[object Object],Small page – thin even with fragmentation,[object Object]
Processing and Scheduling,[object Object],21,[object Object],Intensive,[object Object],Ineffective,[object Object]
Fragmentation Kills Thin Provisioning,[object Object],22,[object Object],Fragmented file,[object Object],system spans,[object Object],thin pages,[object Object],Defragmented,[object Object],file system allows,[object Object],thin provisioning,[object Object]
The Performance Crunch,[object Object],How high can we drive utilization without killing performance?,[object Object]
Stephen’s Dream,[object Object],Thin provisioning could be awesome, provided it is integrated at all levels of the stack,[object Object],Smart applications that don’t spew data everywhere,[object Object],Smart file systems and volume managers that communicate what is and isn’t used,[object Object],Smart virtualization layers that don’t obscure usage,[object Object],Smart storage systems that act on all of this information with granularity and without falling over dead,[object Object],Smart monitoring systems to tie everything together and head off disaster,[object Object]
Thank You!,[object Object],Stephen Foskett,[object Object],stephen@fosketts.net,[object Object],twitter.com/sfoskett,[object Object],+1(508)451-9532,[object Object],FoskettServices.com,[object Object],blog.fosketts.net,[object Object],GestaltIT.com,[object Object],25,[object Object]

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