The document provides information about HIV/AIDS, including its history, epidemiology, transmission, testing, prevention, and treatment. It discusses how HIV was first identified in 1981 and attacks the immune system. The highest rates of HIV infections are in Africa. HIV is primarily spread through unprotected sex and sharing needles. Testing involves antibody and viral load tests. Prevention methods include abstinence, condoms, needle exchange programs, and PrEP. Treatment involves combinations of antiretroviral drugs that suppress the virus.
8. HIV in the U.S. AND FLORIDA The #1 cause of death in FL African Americans age 25-44 2009 42,959 people infected with HIV. 5,500 in Florida. >550,000 AIDS DEATHS >1,107,404 Living With HIV 1,142,714 living with AIDS IN FLORIDA 2009 - 166 new HIV diagnoses in children under the age of 13 Approximately 19 MSM die each week in FL 21% of all people in Florida do not know they are infected
9. Cumulative Reported AIDS Cases State Number of Cases % of Total 1. New York 199,433 18 % 2. California 160,998 15 % 3. Florida 120,701 11 % 4. Texas 79,568 7 % 5. New Jersey 54,483 5 % “ Top 5 Total” 615,183 56 % All Other States 408,223 44 % TOTAL U.S. 913,433 100% At the end of 2008 the number of persons living with AIDS was 479,161 FLORIDA IS SECOND IN THE U.S. IN PEDIATRIC HIV/AIDS CASES
21. On the surface of the helper T-cell, HIV finds a protein molecule called CD4+. This is why the helper T-cells are often referred to as CD4+ cells or T-4 cells. The CD4+ acts as a specific receptor for HIV. IT is this perfect match between the virus and the molecule that makes the helper T-cells of our immune system so vulnerable to HIV.
22. HIV life cycle animation video http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter24/animation__hiv_replication.html
25. When an individual is first infected with HIV it is not readily detectable on an HIV test. It takes up to three months for a person to seroconvert from HIV negative to HIV positive. It takes a median of 25 days before the HIV antibody test indicates a positive result. We refer to the amount of time that it takes an individual to seroconvert as the window period . Symptoms of acute HIV infection generally occur 2 to 6 wks
33. All babies born to HIV positive mothers will test positive at birth! This is because when a child is first born, their antibodies reflect that of the mother. It is not until the babies own immune system develops that we know if that child is infected or not. The 26% refers to the number of newborns actually infected by their mother . TAKE NOTE!
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35. The chance of HIV transmission is lowered down to 2% !!
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42. HIV can be transmitted sexually when the virus enters the body through ports of entry (breaks) in the mucosal surfaces in the mouth, vagina and anus. HIV must have a way to enter the bloodstream in order to cause an infection .
43. The most efficient way to transmit the HIV virus sexually is through anal sex . The next most efficient route is vaginally . While the risk is not as high as anal or vaginal sex it has been found that there is significant risk associated with oral sex .
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45. There is no risk of contracting HIV through giving blood. There is about a 1 in 500,000 chance of contracting HIV through receiving a blood transfusion today.
46. All blood that is drawn is tested for a number of diseases, including HIV, within 24 hours. A special test called the NAAT (nucleic acid amplification test) is used to ensure blood is HIV-negative before being used. This test can detect the virus even in the early stages of HIV infection.
48. When a person is infected with HIV their immune system produces HIV antibodies. The antibodies are what the HIV test looks for. The production of antibodies is an autoimmune response, it does not mean that the body will fight off HIV infection. The HIV test is an antibody test .
90. On July 13, 2010, the White House released the National HIV/AIDS Strategy (NHAS). This ambitious plan is the nation’s first-ever comprehensive coordinated HIV/AIDS roadmap with clear and measurable targets to be achieved by 2015.
91. Achieving a More Coordinated National Response to the HIV Epidemic in the United States Vision for the National HIV/AIDS Strategy “ The United States will become a place where new HIV infections are rare and when they do occur, every person, regardless of age, gender, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender identity or socio-economic circumstance, will have unfettered access to high quality, life-extending care, free from stigma and discrimination ”
92. The Urgency of Now: Reduce incidence. Improve access. Promote equity . NHAS calls for alleviating the epidemic among gay and bisexual men, transgender persons, and among racial and ethnic populations disproportionately affected by the epidemic. By focusing limited resources on populations and risk groups in geographic areas most affected by the epidemic, the United States can break through the persistent pattern of HIV infection in this country.
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97. 2. One behavior that can result in HIV transmission is: A. Shaking hands with someone B. Kissing someone C. Having sex with an HIV-infected person D. Eating from the same plate as an HIV-infected person
98. 3. The time it usually takes from infection until major opportunistic diseases occur is more than: A. Six week B. Six months C. Four years D. 10 years
99. 4. Which of the following body fluids does not transmit HIV? A. Blood B. Urine C. Vaginal secretions D. Breast milk
100. 5. T-helper (CD4+) cells are: A. The main target of HIV in the bloodstream B. Part of the body’s defense system C. Not likely to be affected by HIV D. A & B
101. 6. What type of condom is best for HIV protection? A. Lambskin B. Cloth C. Latex D. Metal
102. 7. Two opportunistic infections associated with an AIDS diagnosis are: A. Mononucleosis and tetracycline B. The common cold and the influenza virus C. Tuberculosis and Kaposi’s sarcoma D. Chickenpox and Herpes
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104. 9. The BEST way to avoid HIV infection is to: A. Have sex with as many people as possible B. Clean used needles before injection of drugs C. Use a condom every time you have sex D. Not have sex or use drugs at all
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106. 11. From this list, who is the most at risk and should consider being tested for HIV antibodies? A. A person who had unprotected sex with more than one person in the past year B. A health care worker who correctly follows standard universal precautions C. A person who never used drugs or had sex D. A person who has been in a mutually monogamous relationship for 20 years
107. 12. Confidential HIV testing means the person being tested can only be identified by a number: A. True B. False
110. 15. A “person with AIDS” is defined as: A. Someone who has had the HIV virus for six years or more B. Someone who practices unsafe sex and uses IV drugs C. Someone who has HIV and is Homosexual D. Someone who is infected with HIV and has T-cell count of less than 200 T-cells per cubic millimeter.
111. Florida Department of Health Bureau of HIV/AIDS 4052 Bald Cypress Way BIN A09 Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1715 (850) 245-4335 FAX: (850) 414-6719 Florida AIDS Hotline: 1-800-FLA-AIDS For more information contact:
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Hinweis der Redaktion
Reported AIDS cases and annual rates (per 100,000 population), by area of residence 2006.
It is estimated that sexual transmission accounts for 32,000 of the 40,000 new infections each year. Conservative estimates based on the changes in behavior observed once people find out they are infected with HIV indicate that the 25% of people who are unaware that they are infected account for at least 54%, and potentially as much as 70%, of the new sexually transmitted infections each year. The transmission rate among those who don’t know they are infected is 3.5 times higher than for people who know about their HIV infection. The importance of getting these individuals tested and into care that includes both treatment and prevention interventions is critical.
On the surface of the helper T-cell, HIV finds a protein molecule called CD4+. This is why the helper T-cells are often referred to as CD4+ cells or T-4 cells. The CD4+ acts as a specific receptor for HIV. IT is this perfect match between the virus and the molecule that makes the helper T-cells of our immune system so vulnerable to HIV.
Seroconversion = development of detectable specific antibodies to microorganisms in the serum as a result of infection
Sexual contact accounts for most of the HIV cases transmitted both in the US and worldwide
Generally 15-18 months for baby to develop it’s own immune system, but can always perform a PCR to detect the actual virus.
Tenofovir, Trudvada South Africa, MSM in the US Some are safety and efficacy and others such as MSM in the US are both.
Slide 4: This presentation breaks down the National AIDS Strategy by Goal, Action Steps, and steps within Action Steps. Each state is encouraged to develop, implement, report, and evaluate coordinated efforts to meet the Strategy goals. Please note that the bulk of these strategy recommendations are federally funded.
Slide 5 The Vision for the National HIV/AIDS Strategy is worth stating: “The United States will become a place where new HIV infections are rare and when they do occur, every person, regardless of age, gender, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender identity, or socio-economic circumstance, will have unfettered access to high quality, life-extending care, free from stigma and discrimination.”
Slide 9: We must also move away from thinking that one approach to HIV prevention will work, whether it is condoms, pills, or information. The Strategy’s four Goals are: Reduce the number of HIV infections Increase access to care and better health outcomes for PLWHAs. Reduce HIV related health disparities, discrimination and stigma And, achieve a more coordinated national response
Slide 11: For the first couple of years of implementing the Strategy, the focus will be to take the necessary steps to ensure that we have the data we need, and that we use these data to enhance efforts to ensure that resources for prevention follow incidence levels of the epidemic. We also believe that a short-term focus needs to be on identifying and evaluating effective combinations of HIV prevention methods for specific high risk groups, as well as evaluating the success of existing programs. In future years, we expect to know more about which combinations of interventions work for which communities and then we can turn to scaling up our efforts to deploy effective prevention combinations.
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