This document discusses structuralism and concepts related to analyzing narratives like stories and literature. It defines structuralism as analyzing language and other human sciences as a system of relationships. It explains key concepts for analyzing narratives, including order, frequency, duration, voice, and mood. For duration, it distinguishes between discourse time (length of the narrative) and narrative time (length of events). For voice, it discusses perspectives like intra-diegetic (within the text) and extra-diegetic (outside the text). It also defines the mood or tone of a narrative based on the distance and perspective of the narrator.

1. Name: Vaghela Sejal Pareshbhai.
No. 29
Paper No.7
Paper Name:
Literary Criticism
Submitted to:
Department of English
Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar
University.

2. What is Structuralism ?
 Structuralism is the name given to Saussure’s
approach to language as a system of
Relationship,
 But it is applied also to the Study of philosophy,
Literature and other Sciences of humanity.

3. “It can be therefore be
metaliterature, that is to say, 'a literature
of which literature is the imposed
object’.”

4.  Order
 Frequency
 Duration
 Voice
 Mood

5.  Say a story is as follows:
› A murder Occurs
› Then the circumstances of the murder are revealed to a
detective
› Finally the murderer is caught.

6.  The separation between an event and its narration
allows several possibilities.
 An event can occur n times and be narrated once.
 An event can Occur once and be narrated once.
 An event can Occur once and be narrated n times.
 An event can Occur n times and be
, narrated n times.

7.  The separation between an event and its narration
 These are the two main elements of duration:
 Discourse time
 “Five years passed” is the lengthy
Discourse time.
 Narrative time
 Five years is a short narrative time.

8.  Voice is concerned with who narrates and from
where.
› Where the narration is form
 Intra-diegetic: inside the text
 Extra diegetic: Outside the text

9.  Is the narrator a character in the story?
 Hetero-diegetic: The narrator is not a character in
the story.
 Homo-diegetic: The narrator is a character in the
story

10.  Narrative mood is depend on the ‘DISTANCE’ and
‘PERSPECTIVE’ of the narrator.
 Like Music, narrative mood has predominant
patterns.
 It is related to voice.
› Distance of the narrator changes with narrated speech,
transposed and reported speech.
› Perspective of the narrator is called focalization.
 Narratives can be non-focalized.