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Errors in Reasoning
- 1. GD573: Graduate seminaR Trend Diagram & Essays Errors in Reasoning The Dangers of a Mindset Jumping to Conclusions Misconceptions Wrong Generalizations Mistaking Evidence for Proof Circular Reasoning False Analogies Misusing Statistics Relative Versus Absolute Extreme Judgments
- 2. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Dangers of a Mindset to wear a seat belt
- 3. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Dangers of a Mindset personal experiences influence the development of our beliefs and values
- 4. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Dangers of a Mindset mindets are patterns of thinking that guide the way we react to situations
- 5. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Dangers of a Mindset mindsets determine what we notice and what we ignore
- 6. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Dangers of a Mindset we see and hear what we want to
- 7. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Dangers of a Mindset we select facts that reinforce our ideas
- 8. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Dangers of a Mindset ... but mindsets perform important functions
- 9. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Dangers of a Mindset checks and balances: examine assumptions & play devil’s advocate
- 10. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Jumping to Conclusions you did it
- 11. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Jumping to Conclusions don’t have all the facts and closed to new facts
- 12. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Jumping to Conclusions didn’t see it happen don’t know why it happened
- 13. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Jumping to Conclusions judgment based on circumstantial evidence
- 14. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Jumping to Conclusions checks and balances: assume benevolence & ask open questions & have the courage to be wrong
- 15. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Misconceptions national tests predict performance
- 16. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Misconceptions confuse the meaning of a relational word i.e. average
- 17. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Misconceptions the glass is half full or half empty
- 18. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Misconceptions stereotypes, prejudices, and discrimination
- 19. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Misconceptions checks and balances: define terms & support conclusion with direct facts (not inference)
- 20. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Wrong Generalizations pit bulls are aggressive dogs
- 21. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Wrong Generalizations too many exceptions to the rule
- 22. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Wrong Generalizations biased selection of information
- 23. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Wrong Generalizations overgeneralization applied beyond its proper limits and likely to produce wrong conclusions
- 24. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Wrong Generalizations checks and balances: define limitations & contextualize statements
- 25. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Mistaking Evidence for Proof belief that women are inferior to men
- 26. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Mistaking Evidence for Proof absolutely sure of generalized facts
- 27. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Mistaking Evidence for Proof beliefs become self-fulfilling prophecies
- 28. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Mistaking Evidence for Proof testimonies are not reliable
- 29. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Mistaking Evidence for Proof checks and balances: identify exceptions & evidence must be overwhelming
- 30. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Circular Reasoning Taxation of income is for the common good. Why do you say that? Because in the long run, taxation of income is in the best interest of all citizens.
- 31. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Circular Reasoning rephrase the statement you’re proving and then use a similar statement as proof for the original
- 32. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Circular Reasoning “because” makes it seem as if you’re saying why
- 33. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Circular Reasoning checks and balances: “5 Why’s” activity & list multiple effects
- 34. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning False Analogies there are plenty of fish in the sea
- 35. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning False Analogies if two things are similar in one way, they may also be similar in other ways
- 36. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning False Analogies “maybe” gets converted into “is”
- 37. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning False Analogies omit important differences
- 38. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning False Analogies an analogies is only a hypothesis
- 39. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning False Analogies proverbs appear to be sage advice, but can support any side i.e. “Make hay while the sun shines” (buy) “Haste makes waste” (don’t buy)
- 40. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning False Analogies checks and balances: identify assumptions & identify concrete similarities
- 41. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Misusing Statistics the modern plague of ADHD http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_ embedded&v=zDZFcDGpL4U
- 42. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Misusing Statistics makes the information seem accurate
- 43. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Misusing Statistics used to argue for special interests
- 44. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Misusing Statistics does not include outliers or discounted
- 45. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Misusing Statistics misinterpret “average” does not give any indication of the distribution of numbers
- 46. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Misusing Statistics checks and balances: learn basic statistical principles & verify the population & methods & look at the whole data set
- 47. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Relative Versus Absolute
- 48. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Relative Versus Absolute subjective words are relative lack established standards
- 49. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Relative Versus Absolute checks and balances: avoid absolutes (yes/no) & relation to multiple examples & plot examples along a spectrum
- 50. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Extreme Judgments legalized in 1967
- 51. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Extreme Judgments black and white interpretations
- 52. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Extreme Judgments convinced beyond a shadow of doubt
- 53. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Extreme Judgments seeking justice and/or revenge
- 54. GD573: Graduate seminaR .:. Trend Diagrams & Essays Errors in Reasoning Extreme Judgments checks and balances: investigate the backstory & see from multiple sides & practice compassion