Kemal Kılıç - Younger People and Political Parties
1. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
Younger People and Political Parties
Kemal Kılıç
Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabancı University, Istanbul, Turkey
21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
1 / 75
2. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
Content
Content
Participating
Old Politics
- Literature
•
Participation of Younger People to “Old” Politics
– Literature in Turkey
– Survey Results
•
Participation of Younger People “New” Politics
– Who were there?
– Who were not?
Participating
Old Politics
-Survey
Perceptions
of Old Politics
Obstacles for
Participation
New Politics
Left out?
•
21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
Discussion Question
2 / 75
3. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
Content
Participating to Politics (General)
Participating
Old Politics
- Literature
Participating
Old Politics
-Survey
• Membership to an organization (NGO, Labour Unions, Political
Parties, etc.) is 7%.
• Those that state that they are interested with politics is 31%.
Perceptions
of Old Politics
Obstacles for
Participation
• Those that participate a meeting or a demonstration is below 5%.
New Politics
Left out?
21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
(Ersin Kalaycıoğlu, ,“Türkiye’de Demokrasi’nin Pekişmesi: Bir Siyasal Kültür Sorunu”, Serap
Yazıcı, Kemal Gözler, Fuat Keyman (der.) Özbudun’a Armağan / Essays in Honor of Ergun
Özbudun içinde, Ankara: Yetkin Yayınları, 2008 (Cilt I: Siyaset Bilimi), s. 252. )
3 / 75
4. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
Content
Participating to Politics (Young People)
1999
2003
2008
Voting
61.5
52.6
48.0
Membership to a Political Party
10.0
8.3
9.0
Participating
Old Politics
-Survey
Membership to a NGO
4.3
2.9
4.4
Working in a Political Campaign
(Home Visits)
6.7
4.1
5.5
Perceptions
of Old Politics
Working in a Political Campaign
(Distributing Pamphlets)
8.1
5.3
5.3
Obstacles for
Participation
Petition
20.6
10.2
7.3
Participating Political
Demonstrations
12.8
9.4
11.3
Online Protests
3.2
4.3
7.2
Participating
Old Politics
- Literature
New Politics
Left out?
21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
* Gençlerin Katılımı: 1999-2008, ARI Hareketi
4 / 75
5. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
DETAILS OF THE SURVEY
Content
Participating
Old Politics
- Literature
Participating
Old Politics
-Survey
• Principal Investigator: Prof. Dr. Yılmaz Esmer
• Scope: Young People (age 16-29) living in urban centers
• Sample: One city representing each one of the 12 NUTS-1
regions: Ankara, Antalya, Diyarbakır, Erzurum, İstanbul,
Perceptions
of Old Politics
Obstacles for
Participation
New Politics
İzmir, Kayseri, Malatya, Samsun, Tekirdağ, Trabzon
• Dates: May – June 2007
• Sample Size: 1203
Left out?
21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
5 / 75
6. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
DEMOGRAPHICS
Content
Participating
Old Politics
- Literature
Participating
Old Politics
-Survey
Perceptions
of Old Politics
Obstacles for
Participation
New Politics
Left out?
21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
6 / 75
7. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
DEMOGRAPHICS
Content
Participating
Old Politics
- Literature
Participating
Old Politics
-Survey
Perceptions
of Old Politics
Obstacles for
Participation
New Politics
Left out?
21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
7 / 75
8. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
Content
Interest to Politics?
Participating
Old Politics
- Literature
Participating
Old Politics
-Survey
Perceptions
of Old Politics
Obstacles for
Participation
New Politics
Left out?
21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
Very Close
Somewhat
Not Much
Not At All
8 / 75
9. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
Content
Interest to Politics?
Participating
Old Politics
- Literature
Participating
Old Politics
-Survey
Perceptions
of Old Politics
Obstacles for
Participation
New Politics
Left out?
21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
1 - Very Close
2 - Somewhat
3 - Not Much
4 - Not At All
9 / 75
10. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
Membership to Political Parties
Content
Content
Participating
Participating
Old Politics
Old Politics
- Literature
- Literature
Participating
Participating
Old Politics
Old Politics
-Survey
-Survey
Perceptions
Perceptions
of Old Politics
of Old Politics
Obstacles for
Obstacles for
Participation
Participation
New Politics
New Politics
Left out?
Left out?
21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
Member (Active)
Member (Passive)
Not a Member (Participates)
Not a Member (Don’t Participate)
10 / 75
11. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
Party Preference for Participating People (1,2 and 3)
Content
Participating
Old Politics
- Literature
Participating
Old Politics
-Survey
Perceptions
of Old Politics
Obstacles for
Participation
New Politics
Left out?
21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
11 / 75
12. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
How often talks politics with family?
Content
Participating
Old Politics
- Literature
Participating
Old Politics
-Survey
Perceptions
of Old Politics
Obstacles for
Participation
New Politics
Left out?
21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
Daily
Once a Week
Less Than Once a Week
Never
12 / 75
13. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
Content
How often talks politics with family?
(1, 2 and 3)
Participating
Old Politics
- Literature
Participating
Old Politics
-Survey
Perceptions
of Old Politics
Obstacles for
Participation
New Politics
Left out?
21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
13 / 75
14. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
How often talks politics with friends?
Content
Participating
Old Politics
- Literature
Participating
Old Politics
-Survey
Perceptions
of Old Politics
Obstacles for
Participation
New Politics
Left out?
21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
Daily
Once a Week
Less Than Once a Week
Never
14 / 75
15. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
Content
How often talks politics with friends?
(1, 2 and 3)
Participating
Old Politics
- Literature
Participating
Old Politics
-Survey
Perceptions
of Old Politics
Obstacles for
Participation
New Politics
Left out?
21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
15 / 75
16. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
Content
How often talks politics in NGOs, etc. /
www?
Participating
Old Politics
- Literature
Participating
Old Politics
-Survey
Perceptions
of Old Politics
Obstacles for
Participation
New Politics
Left out?
3 -Signing a Petition 14%
21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
16 / 75
17. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
There is Corruption in Political Parties
Content
Participating
Old Politics
- Literature
Participating
Old Politics
-Survey
Perceptions
of Old Politics
Obstacles for
Participation
New Politics
Left out?
21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
17 / 75
18. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
Content
I can’t Solve Any Problem by Working in a Party
Participating
Old Politics
- Literature
Participating
Old Politics
-Survey
Perceptions
of Old Politics
Obstacles for
Participation
New Politics
Left out?
21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
18 / 75
19. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
The Political Parties are Managed Democratically
Content
Participating
Old Politics
- Literature
Participating
Old Politics
-Survey
Perceptions
of Old Politics
Obstacles for
Participation
New Politics
Left out?
21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
19 / 75
20. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
Content
Participating
Old Politics
- Literature
Participating
Old Politics
-Survey
Perceptions
of Old Politics
Obstacles for
Participation
New Politics
Motivations and Obstacles for Participation
(Emre Erdoğan)
• Motivations:
• Family and Friends
• Role Models
• Ideals
• Pragmatic Expectations
• Obstacles:
• Family Pressure (Depolitization)
• Lack of Resources (Time and Money)
• Social Exclusion (Loosing Friends)
Left out?
21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
(Emre Erdoğan,“Türk Gençliği ve Siyasal Partilere Katılım”, Cemil Boyraz (der.) Gençler
Tartışıyor: Siyasete Katılım, Sorunlar ve Çözümler, İstanbul: TÜSES Yayınları, 2010, sayfa 67) 20 / 75
21. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
Content
Participating
Old Politics
- Literature
Participating
Old Politics
-Survey
Perceptions
of Old Politics
Obstacles for
Participation
New Politics
Reasons for Low Level Participation
(Demet Lüküslü)
• Politics is corrupted!
– Therefore they don’t want to engage with
something “dirty” (bulaşmak?) with politics.
• Politics is solid!
– No hope to change itself and change the
world with it.
• Political organization structures are not
welcoming!
Left out?
(Demet Lüküslü,“Gençlerin Siyaset Algıları ve Deneyimleri: Yeni Bir Siyaset Modeli Üzerinde
21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL Düşünmek”, Cemil Boyraz (der.) Gençler Tartışıyor: Siyasete Katılım, Sorunlar ve Çözümler, 21 / 75
İstanbul: TÜSES Yayınları, 2010, sayfa 67)
22. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
Kahrolsun Bağzı Şeyler!
Content
Participating
Old Politics
- Literature
Participating
Old Politics
-Survey
Perceptions
of Old Politics
Obstacles for
Participation
• Political activity in opposition…
– No need to govern, “Let them do, what we want!”
– Concept based mobility
– Everybody is a minority
– Pluralism as opposed to majority rules
– Data/Information based decisions as opposed to
“I decided as such”
– New faces, new rhetoric and new perspective!
New Politics
Left out?
21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
22 / 75
23. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
Content
Participating
Old Politics
- Literature
Participating
Old Politics
-Survey
Perceptions
of Old Politics
Kahrolsun Bağzı Şeyler!
(KONDA SURVEY)
• 400 interviews every
2 hours ( Total 30
hours and 4411
interviews)
• 6 and 7 June 2013
Obstacles for
Participation
New Politics
Left out?
21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
23 / 75
24. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
KONDA SURVEY – Education Level
Content
Participating
Old Politics
- Literature
Participating
Old Politics
-Survey
Perceptions
of Old Politics
6 3
Türkiye
5 2
Gezi
New Politics
14
40
3 6
İstanbul
Obstacles for
Participation
38
35
27
14
25
43
0
50
Okuryazar değil
Ortaokul mezunu
Yüksek lisans / Doktora
Diplomasız okur
Lise mezunu
11 1
13
1
13
100
İlkokul mezunu
Üniversite mezunu
Left out?
21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
24 / 75
25. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
KONDA SURVEY – Fathers Education Level
Content
Participating
Old Politics
- Literature
Participating
Old Politics
-Survey
16
Türkiye
13
İstanbul
55
8
8
58
7
9
9
9
3
4
Perceptions
of Old Politics
19
Gezi
Obstacles for
Participation
New Politics
10
28
0
33
50
Okuryazar değil
Ortaokul mezunu
Yüksek lisans / Doktora
Diplomasız okur
Lise mezunu
6
100
İlkokul mezunu
Üniversite mezunu
Left out?
21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
25 / 75
26. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
Which Part of the City?
Silivri % 0,1
Adalar %0,1
Kadıköy %13
Şişli %11
Şile % 0,1
Sultanbeyli %0,3
Beşiktaş %7
Üsküdar %6
Tuzla % 0,4
Fatih %5
Sancaktepe %0,4
Beyoğlu %5
Sarıyer %5
Esenyurt %1
Esenler %1
Bakırköy %4
Bahçelievler %4
Büyükçekmece %1
Ataşehir %4
Bayrampaşa %1
Maltepe %3
Kağıthane %3
Sultangazi %
Küçükçekmece %2
Avcılar %2
Kartal %2
Eyüp %2
Beylikdüzü
21 June 2013 %2
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
Çekmeköy %1
Beykoz %1
Pendik %1
Ümraniye %2
Başakşehir %2
Bağcılar %1
Gaziosmanpaşa %2
Güngören %1
26 / 75
27. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
Who they were not?
Content
Participating
Old Politics
- Literature
Öğrenci; 37
Emekli; 3
Participating
Old Politics
-Survey
Ev kadını; 2
İşsiz veya
çalışamaz
halde; 6
Perceptions
of Old Politics
Obstacles for
Participation
New Politics
Çalışıyor; 52
Left out?
21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
27 / 75
28. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
Content
Who they were not?
Participating
Old Politics
- Literature
Participating
Old Politics
-Survey
Perceptions
of Old Politics
Obstacles for
Participation
New Politics
Left out?
21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
28 / 75
29. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
Who they were not?
Content
Participating
Old Politics
- Literature
Öğrenci; 37
Emekli; 3
Participating
Old Politics
-Survey
Ev kadını; 2
İşsiz veya
çalışamaz
halde; 6
Perceptions
of Old Politics
Obstacles for
Participation
New Politics
Çalışıyor; 52
Left out?
21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
29 / 75
30. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
Level of Censorship in Turkey…
21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
30 / 75
31. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
Level of Censorship in Turkey…
21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
31 / 75
32. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
Kaynakça
TEŞEKKÜRLER!
?
21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
32 / 75
33. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
DETAILS OF THE SURVEY
• Principal Investigator: Prof. Dr. Yılmaz Esmer
• Scope: Young People (age 16-29) living in urban centers
• Sample: One city representing each one of the 12 NUTS-1
regions: Ankara, Antalya, Diyarbakır, Erzurum, İstanbul,
İzmir, Kayseri, Malatya, Samsun, Tekirdağ, Trabzon
• Dates: May – June 2007
• Sample Size: 1203
21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
33 / 75
34. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
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21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
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35. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
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21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
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36. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
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Dsf
21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
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37. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
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21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
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38. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
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Dsf
21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
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39. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
Xx
Dsf
21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
39 / 75
40. Workshop on the Political
Participation of Young People
Xx
Dsf
21 June 2013
Beyazıt, İSTANBUL
40 / 75