This document analyzes data on political participation patterns of Turkish youth from 1998 to 2008. It shows that voting and membership in political parties and civil society organizations have declined over time, while unconventional activities like protesting online have increased. International comparisons show Turkish youth engage less in conventional politics than countries like France. Even if Turkish youth had the same education levels as French youth, their political participation would likely still be lower due to cultural and institutional factors.
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Turkish Youth Political Participation
1. An Example of «Reductio ad Absurdum»
Method: Political Participation of Turkish
Youth, if They were French…
Dr. Emre Erdoğan
2. Political Participation Patterns of Turkish Youth:
1998-2008
Percentages
1999
2003
2008
Voting
61,5
52,6
48,0
Being a member to the youth branch of a political party
10,0
8,3
9,0
Being a member to of a political party except the youth branch
6,0
3,5
4,1
Canvassing in a political campaign
6,7
4,1
5,0
Distributing brochures in a political campaign
8,1
5,3
5,3
Petitioning about a local problem
18,0
9,4
8,0
Petitioning about a personal problem
20,6
10,2
7,3
Participating in a political demonstration
12,8
9,4
11,3
Participating in a boycott
7,9
6,4
6,8
Participating in a protest activity conducted over internet
3,2
4,3
7,2
Being a member of a civil society organization
4,3
2,9
4,4
3. Conventional vs. Unconventional Political Participation
Percentages
1999
2003
2008
Voting
61,5
52,6
48,0
Being a member to the youth branch of a political party
10,0
8,3
9,0
Being a member to of a political party except the youth branch
6,0
3,5
4,1
Canvassing in a political campaign
6,7
4,1
5,0
Distributing brochures in a political campaign
8,1
5,3
5,3
Petitioning about a local problem
18,0
9,4
8,0
Petitioning about a personal problem
20,6
10,2
7,3
Participating in a political demonstration
12,8
9,4
11,3
Participating in a boycott
7,9
6,4
6,8
Participating in a protest activity conducted over internet
3,2
4,3
7,2
Being a member of a civil society organization
4,3
2,9
4,4
5. 0%
Member of a Party
Worked for a Party
Croatia
Cyprus
Greece
Estonia
Romania
Norway
Ireland
Denmark
Israel
Sweden
Belgium
Portugal
Finland
Ukraine
Slovenia
Germany
Netherlands
Turkey
Russian Federation
Switzerland
France
Spain
Bulgaria
Slovakia
Poland
Latvia
United Kingdom
Czech Republic
Hungary
Conventional Political Participation: Source ESS-2008
15%
12,8%
10%
5%
9. Unconventional Political Participation: Source EVS-2008
80%
60%
40%
0%
RO
RU
SK
HU
LT
BG
BY
CY
MT
SI
LV
EE
AM
PL
MD
PT
NIR
ES
NCY
GB
GE
TR
UA
NL
CH
HR
CZ
IE
BA
AT
DE
BE
DK
GR
ME
AL
RS
SE
LU
KOS
MK
NO
FR
IT
AZ
IS
FI
20%
Boycotts
Lawful Demonstrations
10. Unconventional Political Participation: Source EVS-2008
40%
0%
BG
BY
CY
EE
FI
GE
IS
LT
LV
NIR
SI
SK
RO
HU
MD
MT
PT
RU
SE
AM
GB
NL
NO
PL
BE
NCY
IE
ME
LU
ES
RS
BA
TR
UA
CZ
HR
MK
CH
KOS
DE
AL
AT
DK
FR
AZ
IT
GR
20%
Unofficial Strikes
Occupying Buildings
11. MDS
Unconventional Political Participation
-- Dim2 -->
AZ
UA
BY
MD
AM
TR
BG HU
RU
GE
FR
IT
GR
ES
LU
KOS
CY
DK
AL
DE
RS MK
CH AT
PT ME
CZ
LT
MT
RO LV EE PL
BA
NL
SI
IE
SK NIR
HR
GB
NCY
-- Dim1 -->
IS
NO
BE
SE
FI
15. «If all countries had same distribution in
R’s and F’s education levels?»
Counterfactual Analysis
If education level of Turkish youth and
their fathers would be same with the
French youth?
16. Propensity Score Matching:
Definition:
Given X, the probability of receiving the treatment,
depending to several covariates
e (X) = P(T = 1|X)
Treatment: Being a French citizen or not…
Covariates: Respondent and Father’s
Education Level