1. PRESENT PERFECT (Aff.)
(General) Do
I I
have + past part. have done
You You
He / She / It has + past part. He / She / It has done
We We
You have + past part. You have done
They They

2. Examples
• I have always been a good student.
• You have eaten all the cake without telling
anyone.
• Pedro has already done his homework.
• María has been my girlfriend for a few months.
• The cat has eaten all its food.
• Pedro, María and I have never been to the USA.
• “You, boys and girls have done well in your
exam.”
• Pedro and María have recently had a baby.

3. PRESENT PERFECT (Neg.)
(General) Do
I I
haven’t + past part. haven’t done
You You
He / She / It hasn’t + past part. He / She / It hasn’t done
We We
You You haven’t done
haven’t + past part.
They They

4. Examples
• I haven’t always been a good student.
• Fortunately you haven’t eaten all the cake.
• Pedro hasn’t done his homework yet.
• María hasn’t prepared her exams properly.
• The cat hasn’t eaten all its food.
• Pedro, María and I haven’t done our
homework.
• “You, boys and girls haven’t studied hard
enough for your exam.”
• Pedro and María haven’t had a baby yet.

5. PRESENT PERFECT (Aff. Int.)
(General) Do
I I
have + past part. have done
You You
He / She / It has + past part. He / She / It has done
We We
You have + past part. You have done
They They

6. PRESENT PERFECT (Int.)
(General) Do
I
I
Have past part.? Have done ?
you
you
Has he / she / it past part. ? Has done ?
he / she / it
we
we
Have you past part. ? Have done ?
you
they
they

7. Examples
• Have I always been a good student?
• Have you eaten all the cake?
• Has Pedro finished his homework?
• Has María ever been your girlfriend?
• Has the cat eaten all its food?
• Have Pedro, María and I been to the USA?
• Have you all studied hard for the exam?
• Have Pedro and María had a baby yet?

8. Short Answers
• Have I always been a good student?
Yes, you have. // No, you haven’t.
• Have you eaten all the cake?
Yes, you have. // No, you haven’t.
• Has Pedro finished his homework?
Yes, he has. // No, he hasn’t.
• Has María ever been your girlfriend?
Yes, she had // No, she hadn’t
• Has the cat eaten all its food?
Yes, it has. // No, it hasn’t.
• Have Pedro, María and I been to the USA?
Yes, you have. // No, you haven’t.
• Have you all studied hard for the exam?
Yes, we have. // No, we haven’t.
• Have Pedro and María had a baby yet?
Yes, they have. // No, they haven’t.