“Poets say science takes away from the beauty of the stars - mere globs of gas atoms. I, too, can see the stars on a desert night, and feel them. But do I see less or more?” - Richard P. Feynman We all have wondered about the origins of our universe. How did it all begin? What do we see when we look up at the night sky? What exactly is dark matter? Are there more universes out there? What about aliens? Jaya — a student of astronomy — is on her way to discovering the answers to these questions and unravelling other mysteries of our universe. She’s here this weekend to share what she’s learnt so far with us. Date: Saturday, January 8, 2011 Time: Presentation at 8:00 PM, followed by a discussion, dinner and some star-gazing. Venue: Tunnel Top, Mini Matheran Resort

1. the universe in your backyard Projector Friday with Jaya Ramchandani January 8, 2010 (Near) Mumbai

3. Alien-where

4. Stars and Constellations

5. Galaxies

6. Our Solar System

7. Astro-talk

8. Big Bang Theory

9. Dark Energy

10. Relativity

12. What is Light?

15. What’s in an atom?

16. The forces of nature

17. A human being is part of a whole, called by us ‘universe’, a part limited in time and space. ~Albert Einstein, Founder of the Big Bang Cosmology

18. movie

20. Cosmic background radiation

21. Observation of Helium which agree with the standard Big Bang model.Evidence for big bang

22. Secret to these observations Radio Telescopes Space Telescopes

23. Composition of the current universe “Normal Matter” 4% Dark Energy 73% Dark Matter 23%

24. What is dark energy? Dark energy is a hypothetical form of energy that permeates all of space and tends to increase the rate of expansion of the universe. In the standard model of cosmology, dark energy currently accounts for 73% of the total mass-energy of the universe.

25. What is dark Matter? Dark matter is matter that is inferred to exist from gravitational effects on visible matter and background radiation, but is undetectable by emitted or scattered electromagnetic radiation.

26. Travel to the Stars? Kinetic Energy = 1/2 Mv2 What does it take to get a 1000-ton spaceship to 10% of the speed of light? (43 years to Alpha Centauri) M=106 kg, v = 3 x 107 m/sec KE = 1/2 x 106 x 9 x 1014 = 4.5 x 1020 joules Equals U.S. Energy Production for 4.5 years Once you get there, you have to stop.

30. This Brahma's day, Kalpa, is named as ShvetaVarahaKalpa.

31. We are in the Kaliyuga of the 28th Mahayuga. This Kaliyuga began in the year 3102 BCThe time elapsed since the current Brahma has taken over the task of creation can be calculated as 155.52 Trillion Years

34. The Multiverse Are multiple universes possible?

35. Trillions of years: Star formation ends 10-100 trillion years: Stars stop radiating 1015 – 1020 years: Planetary orbits decay 1032 – 1041 years: Protons decay Heat Death? Big Crunch? Big Bounce? How will it all end?

37. Drake’s equation Ns= number of stars in the Galaxy fs-p= fraction of stars with planets fp-e= fraction of planets that are “earthlike” fp-l = fraction of “earthlike” planets that develop life fl-i= fraction of above that develop intelligence fi-c= fraction of above that develop communication Tc = lifetime of communicative civilization Tg= age of Galaxy

39. Say the galaxy contains ~ 10^11 stars, if N ~ 104, we would expect to have to survey ~10^7 stars before we found one ETI.

40. Even then, ETIs will rarely co-exist at the same time.“We may really be alone…we should have a better picture in the next 50 years if we use instruments with fast survey speeds.” – My radio astronomy professor

42. Formed from nuclear fusion

43. Nuclear fusion produces tremendous energy (stars shine because of this energy)

45. Star classification

47. There are 88 Constellations: Orion, Leo, Aries, Taurus, etc. 12 are based on the Zodiac.

49. The milky way The band of light called the “Milky Way” traces the galactic plane as it appears from our location in the outskirts of the galaxy.

50. Other types of galaxies Spiral Elliptical Irregular

51. The local group

52. The local super cluster

53. Large scale structure

54. Formation of our solar system Cloud of “dust” starts to pull in and contract due to gravity Nuclear fusion starts the sun Loose rock starts to pull together to form the planets Solar system forms – about 5.5 billion years ago Earth is about 4.6 billion years old

55. Our planets

57. Why Isn’t Pluto a Planet Any More?

58. Why Is the Sky Blue?

59. Why Doesn’t the Moon Fall Down?

60. What Will Happen to the Earth When the Sun Dies?

61. Do the Stars Really Move?

62. Where Is the Center of the Universe?

63. What Causes an Eclipse of the Moon?