The history of Serbia begins in the 6th century with Slavic settlements in the Balkans under Byzantine rule. Serbia evolved into a kingdom, empire, and confederation before gaining independence in the 19th century. Today, Serbia exists as a republic located in the Balkans, with Belgrade as its capital. The population is largely Serbian and Eastern Orthodox, and the economy relies on foreign investment and industry. The military consists of the army, air force, and participates in UN peacekeeping missions. Prehistoric cultures in Serbia date back 40,000 years, with important sites of the Vinča and Starčevo cultures revealing some of the earliest copper metallurgy in Europe.

1. 1

2. History of the country
 The history of Serbia, as a country, begins with the Slavic settlements in the
Balkans, established in the 6th century in territories governed by the Byzantine
Empire
 Through the centuries, the Serbian realm evolved into a Kingdom (1217), then an Empire (1345),
before the Ottomans annexed it in 1540.
 In 1804 the Serbian Revolution began, resulting in the liberation of Serbia. In 1918,
Yugoslavia was established as a confederation of South Slavic nations.
 In 1991, Yugoslavia was dissolved, with Serbia and Montenegro continuing the federation.
As of 2006, Serbia exists under the name of "Republic of Serbia".
 Serbia achieved its current borders after World War II,
when it became a federal unit within the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
 After the dissolution of Yugoslavia in a series of wars in the 1990s,
Serbia once again became an independent state on 5 June 2006,
following the breakup of a short-lived union with Montenegro.
2
Serbia under the Vlastimirović dynasty
The Serb Archonty c. 850.

3.  Stefan Dušan proclaimed the Serbian Empire in 1346. During Dušan's rule,
Serbia reached its territorial,
political and economical peak, proclaiming itself as the successor of the Byzantine Empire,
and indeed was the most powerful Balkan state of that time.
3

4.  Serbia gained its autonomy from the Ottoman Empire
in two uprisings in 1804 (led by Đorđe Petrović –
Karađorđe) and 1815 (led by Miloš
Obrenović), although Turkish troops continued to
garrison the capital, Belgrade, until 1867. The Turkish
Empire was already faced with a deep internal crisis
without any hope of recuperating.
Serbia in World War I
 Despite its small size and population of 4.6
million, Serbia had the most effective
manpower mobilization of the war, and had a
highly professional officer corps. It called
350,000 men to arms, of whom 185,000
were in combat units.[27] However the
casualties and expenditure of munitions in
the Balkan Wars left Serbia depleted and
dependent on France for supplies. Austria
Serbia in World War II 1941–1944 invaded twice in 1914 and was turned back.
 On 6 April 1941 Germany, Italy, Hungary, and Bulgaria invaded Yugoslavia,
and the Luftwaffe bombed Belgrade for
3 days killing 17,000 people.
Belgrade was captured by German forces on 13 April 1941,
and four days later on 17 April 1941 the
Royal Yugosavian Army surrendered unconditionally.
Acting upon advice and with a heavy heart,
King Peter II left the country to seek Allied support.

5. Geography of Serbia
 Serbia is landlocked country located in the Balkans
(a historical and geographical region of southeastern Europe)
and in the Pannonian Plain (a region of central Europe).
It shares borders with Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Hungary, the Republic of Macedonia,
Montenegro, Romania, and Albania.
It is landlocked, although access to the Adriatic is available through Montenegro,
and the Danube River provides shipping access to inland Europe and the Black Sea.
 The most significant mountains in Serbia are:
1. Divčibare
2. Tara
3. Zlatibor
4. Kopaonik
5. Brezovica
6. Fruška Gora
The highest peak in Serbia is Đeravica on Prokletije
(2,656 m) in Kosovo.
 Climate of Serbia is moderate continental with a
diversity on local level, caused by geographic
location, relief, terrain exposition, presence of river
and lake systems, vegetation, urbanization etc.
Proximity of the mountain ranges of Alps,
Carpathians, Rhodopes, as well as Adriatic Sea and
Pannonian plain affect the climate. Location of river
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ravines and plains in the northern area of the country
enable occasional deep southward protrusion of polar
air masses on winters, while hot Saharan air often
intrudes over the Mediterranean Sea on summers.

6.  National parks:
1. Fruška Gora (250 km²)
2. Kopaonik (120 km²)
3. Tara (220 km²)
4.Đerdap (Iron Gate) (640 km²)
6

7. People, social structure, settlement
 Serbs (Срби, Srbi) are a South Slavic people who live mainly in
Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia. They are
also a significant minority in the Republic of Macedonia. A Serbian diaspora dispersed
people of Serbian descent to Germany, Switzerland, Austria, the United States, Canada
and Slovenia.
Nationality
 Serbs form a majority of 82.86% of the
population, followed by Hungarians 3.91%,
1.82% Bosniaks, Roma 1.44%, 1.08%
Yugoslavs, Croats, 0.94%, 0.92%
Montenegrins, Albanians 0, and 82% of
Slovaks, Vlachs, Romanians, Macedonians,
Muslims, Bulgarians, Bunjevci, Ukrainians,
Slovaks, Gorani, Germans, Russians, Czechs
and others.
 Language
Formal / official language is Serbian. In
addition to Serbian Vojvodina official / official
languages ​are Hungarian, Slovak, Croatian,
Romanian, Ruthenian and Montenegro (in the
municipality of Mali Lošinj). In Kosovo and
Metohija official languages ​are Serbian,
Albanian
Religion
7  The largest religion is Orthodox
Christianity, followed by Muslims
(Sunnis), Roman Catholics, Protestants and
atheists.

8. Political system, administrative
 Anthem of the Republic of Serbia is the old anthem of the
former Kingdom of Serbia "God of Justice", with slightly
altered lyrics.
The coat of arms of the Republic of Serbia coat of arms from
the time of the Kingdom of Serbia in 1882. and contains two-
headed white eagle with a red shield on the chest where there
is a white cross with four symbols C (Serbian cross), and over
the heads of an eagle with a crown Nemanjić.
The Republic of Serbia is the National tricolor flag that is
horizontally placed with the colors: red, blue and white. In
addition to National, State, and there is a flag which is
basically the same as with the folk on a blue field with a small
The coat of arms of the
emblem of the Republic of Serbia
Republic of Serbia,
 The current president of Serbia, Tomislav Nikolic, who won is identical to the former
the presidential election in 2012. Kingdom of Serbia coat of
arms.
 Justice in the Republic of Serbia is the third part of the
government in addition to the legislative and executive
powers, and therefore it is not subject to the legislative and
executive branches.
The judiciary in Serbia is divided into: general jurisdiction
courts and courts of special jurisdiction
The courts of general jurisdiction:
8 The Supreme Court of Cassation
courts of Appeal
Higher courts Flag
The basic courts (court record)

9. Serbian border
9

10. Economy of Serbia
o In recent years, Serbia has seen an increasingly swift foreign direct investment
trend, including metal processing industry US Steel, building material industry
Lafarge, food and beverages industry Carlsberg, Coca Cola, Nestle, textile industry
Golden Lady, Pompea, leather industry Progetti Company, Falc East, ICT Industry
Microsoft and Siemens. By countries, most cash investments in 2005-2009 period
came from Austria ($2.68bn), Greece ($1.62bn), Norway ($1.55bn), Germany
($1.30bn),[and Italy ($0.95bn), while major investor countries also include
Slovenia, Netherlands, Russia and France. The actual amount of investments from
countries such as the United States and Israel are significantly higher than the official
figure due to their companies investing primarily through European affiliates.
Macroeconomic trends
GDP
Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
GDP (USD Billions) 8.7 11.4 15.1 19.5 23.7 25.2
29.3 39.0 47.7 42.8 43.6 46.2 48.5
53.1
GDP growth rate 5.3% 5.6% 3.9% 2.4% 9.3% 5.4%
5.2% 6.9% 5.5% -3.0% 1.0% 1.6% 0.5%
3.0%
GDP Per Capita (USD) 1152 1524 2012 2613 3169
3391 3958 5277 6684 5808 5897 6240
6539 7136
GDP (PPP) per capita (Geary-Khamis $) 5655 6100 6468 6786
10 7598 8315 8928 9722 10821 10635 10897
11364 12121 13004
Source: IMF [20]

11. 11

12. Serbian Armed Forces
 The Serbian Armed Forces (Serbian: Bojcka Србије / Vojska Srbije)
are the armed services of Serbia. They consist of the Serbian Army
(includes River Flotilla on the Danube) and the Serbian Air Force and Air
Defence. The armed forces are entirely professional and volunteer
 based.
The first military formation in Serbia dates over 1,500 years ago when
Vlastimir of Serbia formed the first medieval Serbian state of Raška in
the seventh century. Over the following centuries it would evolve into
the Serbian Empire, one of the largest states in Europe at the time.
 Moravian Serbia was governed by Stefan Lazarević who introduced
Serbian Armed
modern military tactics and firearms to his army however the new
Forces
technology failed to defeat the superior numbers of the Ottoman
Bojcka Србије
Empire. The Ottomans had suppressed the formation of a Serbian state
Vojska Srbije
along with its military from 1540 until 1804, the year of the first Serbian
uprising.
 The 1804 Serbian Revolution, started with a Serbian rebellion against the Ottoman
occupation of Serbia. The victories in the battles of Ivankovac, Misar, Deligrad and
Belgrade, led to the establishment of the Principality of Serbia in 1817. The subsequent
Second Serbian Revolution led to full recognition of Serbian independence, establishment
of the Kingdom of Serbia and weakened the Ottoman dominance in the Balkans.
 The Serbian General Staff is composed of the highest-ranking officers who form the basic
strategic command. The current Chief of Staff is Lieutenant General Ljubiša Diković.
 Tactical and operational command is separated into the branches, consisting of the
Army, Air Force and Air Defence, and a Training Command.
Serbia abolished conscription on January 1, 2011
12

13.  The Serbian Armed Forces currently take part in five United Nations peacekeeping
missions.[7] The Serbian Medical Corps has participated in the Congo since March
2003.
Country Current Mission Number of personnel
1 staff officer, 2 observers
Cyprus UNFICYP
and 6 infantry
2 staff officers, 2 doctors and
DR Congo MONUC
4 technicians
3 officers as military
Ivory Coast UNOCI
observers
Lebanon UNIFIL 5 staff officers
4 officers as military
Liberia UNMIL
observers
 The Serbian Army is the armed forces of defense and head of the armed opposition
to military forms of endangering state security.
Fundamentals of organizational structure and the numerical size of the Army by the
competent public authorities, on the proposal of the Ministry of Defense, depending
on the degree of threat, resources, missions, objectives, and international standards.
13

14. Prehistory
o The oldest traces of human existence, on the ground now in the Republic of Serbia, dated
to the time of the last glacial period, about 40,000. BC. The most important sites of this
period are caves near the village of Gradac, Jerina below the hill far from Kragujevac and
Risovaca to get married in Arandjelovac
o At the end of the Ice Age, during the Holocene, large changes in
climate and flora and fauna, have led to the formation of human
communities that will create one of the most complex praistoriskih
culture, culture Lepenski Vir.
o Starčevačku culture has replaced the Middle Neolithic Vinča
culture, which is named after its location Vinca - Belo Brdo, near
Belgrade, on the banks of the Danube and is the most technologically
advanced prehistoric cultures in the world. Her late Neolithic sites from
the pavement by the namesake village near Prokuplje or Belovode and
Belolice near Petrovac, on the basis of the findings found copper, is the
Lepenski Vir: oldest European centers of metallurgy, which moves the beginnings of
ancestresses, sculptures the Iron Age in the more distant past.
from the sanctuary XLIV
o The Vinča culture is mlađeneolitsku ranoeneolitsku and culture of
Europe (between the first centuries of the fifth millennium BC and
the first centuries of the 4th millennium BC). Extending from the
middle Tisa River in the north to the south of the Skopje valley and
the river Usora and Bosnia in the west to the south of Sofia Basin
and included the territory of present-day Serbia, Romania,
Macedonia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Vinca culture was the most
technologically advanced prehistoric cultures in the world. The
14
earliest copper metallurgy in Europe comes from the Vinča sites
Belovode in eastern Serbia. General Urban Development Plan of
Belgrade. Figurine from Vinca

15. The territorial organization of the Republic
of Serbia  Because of the great ethnic, cultural and economic
disparities, and to meet and facilitate the exercise of the Rights of
Man and of the Citizen, in the territory of the Republic of Serbia
formed two autonomous provinces:
Vojvodina (the administrative center of Novi Sad)
Kosovo and Metohija (administrative center: Pristina)
These provinces have clearly defined responsibilities for their
work and are responsible republican government.
Note: By establishing statistical regions in Serbia in 2009.
year, part of the territory of the Republic of Serbia, who was
outside the autonomous regions are colloquially called Central
Serbia. Central Serbia was not a separate administrative-
management unit, but was under the direct rule of the Republic.
Constitution of 1990. territory of the unified and indivisible. At
the same opinion and the Constitution of 2006. year.
Republic of Serbia
15 Autonomous Province:
- Vojvodina
- Kosovo

16. Statistical regions
 In February 2010. The Serbian parliament has proposed a law that
established five statistical regions in the territory of Serbia
Srbije.Statistički regions are:
Vojvodina
Belgrade
Šumadija and Western Serbia
Southern and Eastern Serbia
Kosovo and Metohija
16

17. Demography
 Serbs form a majority of 82.86% of the population, followed by Hungarians 3.91%,
1.82% Bosniaks, Roma 1.44%, 1.08% Yugoslavs, Croats, 0.94%, 0.92%
Montenegrins, Albanians 0, 82%, followed by Slovaks, Vlachs, Romanians,
Macedonians, Muslims, Bulgarians, Bunjevci, Ukrainians, Slovaks, Gorani, Germans,
Russians, Czechs, Turks and others.
 According to the 2002 census. year, which is not done in the entire territory of the Republic
of Serbia, as it is not done in the south of Serbia, in the Autonomous Province of Kosovo
and Metohija, a census of the territory of the Republic of Serbia had 7,498,001 inhabitants.
52% of the population lives in cities.
The percentage of the population is written 96.4% [27] (men 98.9%, women 94.1%).
The birth rate is 1.78 children on average each woman. The average length of life of the
population of Serbia was 75.3 years (males 71.25, females 77.1).
According to the census from 2011. year, this time even that was not conducted in Kosovo
and Metohija, and did not include any Albanians from southern Serbia, which it boycotted,
the population of Serbia, excluding Kosovo and Metohija was 7,120,666. This represents a
decrease of 377,335 from the previous census in 2002.
According to a separate list of Kosovo, which was not conducted in northern Kosovo, the
Kosovo 2011th 1,733,872 inhabitants lived.
It is estimated that in southern Serbia still alive approximately 36,000 Albanians who did
not participate in the census, and to live in northern Kosovo has about 68,000 inhabitants.
17

18. State symbols
 Anthem of the Republic of Serbia is the old anthem of the former Kingdom of Serbia
"God of Justice", with slightly altered lyrics.
The coat of arms of the Republic of Serbia is an old coat of arms of the Kingdom of
Serbia Obrenovic dynasty in 1882. years and makes it two-headed white eagle with a
shield on the chest where they cross and four symbols C and above the eagle's head is
a crown Nemanjić.
Serbia has a national flag with three colors, which is horizontally placed colors:
red, blue and white. In addition to National, State, and there is a flag which is basically
the same as with the folk-third the length of the run from left to right on a blue field
with a small emblem of the Republic of Serbia.
18

19. Policy
 The current president of Serbia, Tomislav Nikolic, who was defeated in the second round of the
2012 elections. year.
After the parliamentary elections on 6th May 2012., Serbia on 24 July 2012. Lists won
coalition government's move Serbia, gathered around the Serbian Progressive Party, the list
centered around the Socialist Party of Serbia, the United Regions of Serbia, the Serbian Social
Democratic Party, the Party of Democratic Action of Sandžak, led by Prime Minister Ivica Dacic.
Larger opposition parties in the current session of the Assembly of Serbia: The Democratic
Party, the Democratic Party of Serbia and the Liberal Democratic Party.
The current President of the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia Nebojsa Stefanovic
from the SNS.
The Republic of Serbia is a member of several international organizations such as the United
Nations (UN), the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), the Stability
Pact for South Eastern Europe, the Council of Europe (CoE), the NATO Partnership for Peace,
the International Organization for Migration, the International Committee of the Red Cross and
Red Crescent Societies. Advocates for accession to the European Union, the candidate has
received the 2012th
19
Tomislav Nikolic, the President of the Republic of
Serbia.

20. Literature
o Start of Serbian literacy is linked to the activity of brothers Cyril and Methodius in the Balkans.
There are monuments of Serbian literacy from the early 11th century, written Glagolitic. Back
in the 12th century, there are texts written in Cyrillic. From this epoch is the oldest Serbian
Cyrillic book editorial, Gospel Zahum prince Miroslav, brother of Stefan Nemanja. Miroslav
Gospel is the oldest and most beautifully illustrated books Serbian medieval times.
During the Turkish rule in Serbia, is developing oral lyric and epic literature.
In the era of national revival, in the first half of the 19th century Vuk Stefanović Karadžić
translated the New Testament into Serbian national language and reformed the Serbian
language and spelling. The foundations were laid by the Serbian literature of recent times. The
most important Serbian poets 19th century were Branko Radicevic, John Doe Njegos, Laza
Kostic, Djura Jaksic and Jovan Jovanovic Dragon. In the 20th century has been given to fiction
writers: Ivo Andric, Isidora Sekulic Milos Crnjanski, Mesa Selimovic, Dobrica Cosic, Danilo Kis,
Aleksandar Tisma, though there are valuable poetic achievements: Milan Rakic, Jovan Ducic,
Desanka Maksimovic, Miodrag Pavlovic, Miroslav Antic, Branko Miljkovic and Vasko Popa.
20
Vuk Stefanovic Karadzic

21. World Cultural Heritage Site by
UNESCO in Serbia
1979 - City of Stari Ras monastery, and
Sopocani Peter's Church (the oldest church in
Serbia)
1986 - Abbey Studenica
2004 - Decani Monastery
2006 - Monastery of Gracanica, Pec
Patriarchate and the Church of the Virgin
Ljeviška
2007 - Felix Imperial Palace in Romuliana
Gamzigrad
 Conditions for the development of science and education in Serbia did not exist during the
Ottoman rule.
The first attempt at establishing a national school system was the Great School in 1808, backed
Serbs from Austria. Only during the period 1835-1878.
Education leads to institutionalization. Great School was opened in 1863 and was transformed
into the University 1905th Founding institutions of the National Museum (1844) and the Society o
Serbian Letters (1841), which evolved into the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, the
generated conditions for doing science organized.
In Austria, the Serbs organized the Serbian nut (1826) as a cultural institution.
He later moved its headquarters from Budapest to Novi Sad.
Conditions in Austria were considerably more favorable for the development of the Serbian
education and science.
 Apart from them, many Serbian scientists have worked and worked abroad. Such are, for
example Mihajlo Pupin and Nikola Tesla.
During the second half of the 20th century in Serbia opened the Institute of Nuclear Sciences in
21
Vinca Institute and Engineering "Mihajlo Pupin". These are now the two most important scientific
institutes in the country.

22. Monastery Studenica
22

23. Felix Imperial Palace in Romuliana Gamzigrad
23

24. Monastery of Gracanica, Pec Patriarchate
and the Church of the Virgin Ljeviška
24

25. Decani Monastery
25

26. City of Stari Ras monastery, and Sopocani
Peter's Church
26