1. Displacement and time
Bodies that move with SHM (simple harmonic motion) have a displacement that
varies sinusoidally with time.

4. Velocity of a pendulum bob

5. In real oscillating systems there are always resistive forces, such as friction or
air resistance, that lead to energy being transferred to the surroundings.
These oscillations are said to be damped. In damped oscillations the amplitude
gradually decreases as the total energy of the system gets less.