1. “I am going to the sea
to fetch a new
baby…the journey is
dangerous and I
may not return . . .”
- Saying of Tanzanian women near
the time of delivery

3.  Identify the goals and philosophy of
maternal and child health nursing
 Discuss the implications of the
common standards of maternal and
child health nursing and the health
goals for the nation for maternal and
child health.

4.  Increase awareness of health
educators regarding their crucial role in
improving status of women and
children’s health and welfare.
 Discuss the ethico-legal-moral basis of
Maternal and Child Health Nursing

5.  ASSOCIATION OF WOMEN’S HEALTH,
OBSTETRIC AND NEONATAL NURSES
STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES
 Standards of Professional Performance
Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric and Neonatal
Nurses (1998), Standards for the nursing care of women and
newborns (5th ed.). Washington, DC

6.  Standard I: Quality of Care
The nurse systematically evaluates
the quality and effectiveness of
nursing practice.

7.  Standard II:
Performance
Appraisal
The nurse evaluates
his/her own nursing
practice in relation to
professional practice
standards and
relevant statutes and
regulations.

8.  Standard III:
Education
The nurse acquires
and maintains current
knowledge in nursing
practice
 Standard IV:
Collegiality
The nurse contributes
to the professional
development of
peers, colleagues
and others

9.  Standard V: Ethics
The nurse’s decisions and
actions on behalf of
patients are determined in
an ethical manner.
 Standard VI: Collaboration
The nurse collaborates
with the patient, significant
others, and health care
providers in providing
patient care.

10.  Standard VII: Research
The nurse uses research
findings in practice
 Standard VIII: Resource
Utilization
The nurse considers
factors related to
safety, effectiveness
and cost in planning
and delivering patient
care.

11.  Standard IX: Practice
Environment
The nurse contributes
to the environment of
care delivery within
the practice settings.

12.  Standard X:
Accountability
The nurse is
professionally and
legally accountable for
his/practice. The
professional registered
nurse may delegate to
and supervise qualified
personnel who provide
patient care.

13.  Standards of Care
Comprehensive pediatric
nursing care focuses on
helping children and their
families and communities
achieve their optimum health
potentials. This is best
achieved within the
framework of family-centered
care and the nursing process,
including, secondary and
tertiary care coordinated
across health care and
community settings.

14.  Standard I:
Assessment
The pediatric nurse
collects health data.
 Standard II: Diagnosis
The pediatric nurse
analyzes the
assessment data in
determining
diagnoses.

15.  Standard III: Outcome
Identification
The pediatric nurse
identifies expected
outcomes
individualized to the
client.
 Standard IV: Planning
The pediatric nurse
develops a plan of
care that prescribes
interventions to obtain
expected outcomes.

16.  Standard V: Implementation
The pediatric nurse implements
the interventions identified in
the plan of care.
 Standard VI: Evaluation
The pediatric nurse evaluates
the child’s and family’s progress
toward attainment of
outcomes.

17.  Standard I: Quality of Care
The pediatric nurse
systematically evaluates the
quality and effectiveness of
pediatric nursing practice.
 Standard II: Performance
Appraisal
The pediatric nurse evaluates
his or her own nursing
practice in relation to
professional practice
standards and relevant
statutes and regulations.

18.  Standard III: Education
The pediatric nurse acquires and
maintains current knowledge.
 Standard IV: Collegiality
The pediatric nurse contributes to
the professional development of
peers, colleagues and others.

19.  Standard V: Ethics
The pediatric nurse’s
decisions and actions on
behalf of children and their
families are determined in
an ethical manner.
 Standard VI: Collaboration
The pediatric nurse
collaborates with the child,
family and health care
provider in providing client
care.

20.  Standard VII: Research
The pediatric nurse uses research
findings in practice.
 Standard VIII: Resource Utilization
The pediatric nurse considers factors
related to safety, effectiveness and cost
in planning and delivering care.
American Nurses Association and the Society of Pediatric Nurses (1996) Statement on
the Scope and Standards of Pediatric Clinical Practice. Washington, DC: American
Nurses Publishing House

21.  Primary goal of maternal and child
health nursing:
Promotion and maintenance of
optimal family health to ensure
cycles of optimal childbearing and
childrearing.

22. Range of practice:
 Preconceptual health
care
 Care of women during
three trimesters of
pregnancy and the
puerperium
 Care of children during
the perinatal period
 Care of children from
infancy through
adolescence
 Care in settings as varied
as the birthing room,
pediatric intensive care
unit and the home

23. 1. Maternal and child health nursing is family-
centered; assessment data must include a
family and individual assessment.
2. Maternal and child health nursing is
community-centered; the health of families
depends on and influences the health of
communities.
3. Maternal and child health nursing is research-
oriented because research is the means
whereby critical knowledge increases.
4. Nursing theory and evidence-based practice
provide a foundation for nursing care.

24. 5. A maternal and
child health nurse
serves as an
advocate to
protect the rights of
all family members,
including the fetus.
6. Maternal and child
health nursing uses
a high degree of
independent
nursing functions
because teaching
and counseling are
so frequently
required.

25. 7. Promoting health is an important nursing
role because this protects the health of the
next generation.
8. Pregnancy or childhood illnesses can be
stressful and can alter family life in both
subtle and extensive ways.
9. Personal, cultural, and religious attitudes
and beliefs influence the meaning of illness
and its impact on the family.
Circumstances such as illness or pregnancy
are meaningful only in the context of total
life.
10. Maternal and child health nursing is a
challenging role for the nurse and is a
major factor in promoting high-level
wellness in families.

26. I. Legal Basis of Maternal and Child
Nursing:
› Scope of Nursing Practice
› Standards of Nursing Care
› Client/Patients Safety
› Informed Consent
› Right to Privacy

28. Section 28. Scope of Nursing.
 A person shall be deemed to be practicing
nursing within the meaning of this Act when
he/she singly or in collaboration with another,
initiates and performs nursing services to
individuals, families and communities in any
health care setting. It includes, but not limited
to, nursing care during conception, labor,
delivery, infancy, childhood, toddler,
preschool, school age, adolescence,
adulthood, and old age. As independent
practitioners, nurses are primarily responsible
for the promotion of health and prevention of
illness. As member of the health team, nurses
shall collaborate with other health care
providers for the curative, preventive, and
rehabilitative aspects of care, restoration of
health, alleviation of suffering, and when
recovery is not possible, towards a peaceful
death.

29. (a) Provide nursing care through the utilization of the nursing process.
Nursing care includes, but not limited to, traditional and innovative
approaches, therapeutic use of self, executing health care
techniques and procedures, essential primary health care, comfort
measures, health teachings, and administration of written
prescription for treatment, therapies, oral topical and parenteral
medications, internal examination during labor in the absence of
antenatal bleeding and delivery. In case of suturing of perineal
laceration, special training shall be provided according to protocol
established;
(b) establish linkages with community resources and coordination with
the health team;
(c) Provide health education to individuals, families and communities;

30.  These establish the minimum criteria for
competent and proficient delivery of
nursing care. Such standard are designed
to protect the public and are use to judge
the quality of care provided.
› Examples
 Standards of Practice for Maternal- Child Health by
ANA
 Standards for Pediatric Clinical Nursing Practice by
ANA and Society of Pediatric Nurses (2003)
 Scopes and Standards of Practice for Neonatal
Nursing by ANA and National Association of
Neonatal Nurses (2004)

31.  JCAHO (Joint
Commission on
Accreditation of
Healthcare
Organization) has
identified patient
safety as an important
responsibility of
healthcare providers
and established seven
goals as requirements
for accreditation last
2005.

32. 1. Improve the accuracy of patients
identification
2. Improve the effectiveness of
communication among caregivers
3. Improve the safety of using medications
4. Improve the safety of using infusion pumps
5. Reduce the risk of healthcare-associated
infections
6. Accurately and completely reconcile
medications across the continuum of care
7. Reduce the risk of patient harm resulting
from fall

33. This is a legal
concept that
protects a
person’s right to
autonomy and
self-determination
by specifying that
no action may be
taken without that
individual’s prior
understanding
and freely given
consent.

34.  When they are minor parents of the child
client
 When they are emancipated minors
(self-supporting adolescents under 18
y.o.)
 When they are adolescents between 16-
18 seeking birth control, mental health
counseling or substance abuse
treatment

35.  When the child and the parents do not
agree on major treatment options.
 When the parents’ choice of treatment
does not permit lifesaving treatment for the
child.
 When there is a potential conflict of interest
between the child and parents (e.g.
Suspected child abuse or neglect) .
 When parents are incapacitated and
cannot make a decision (e.g. critically
injured in the same motor accident).

36.  The right of a
person to
protect his or her
person or
property free
from public
scrutiny.

37.  Autonomy – the right/freedom to decide (the
patient has the right to refuse despite the
explanation of the nurse) Example: surgery, or
any procedure
 Nonmaleficence – the duty not to harm/cause
harm or inflict harm to others (harm maybe
physical, financial or social)
 Beneficence- for the goodness and welfare of
the clients
 Justice – equality/fairness in terms of
resources/personnel
 Veracity – the act of truthfulness
 Fidelity – faithfulness/loyalty to clients

38.  Golden Rule
 The principle of Totality – The whole is greater than its parts
 Epikia
 One who acts through as agent is herself responsible –
(instrument to the crime)
 No one is obliged to betray herself
 The end does not justify the means
 Defects of nature maybe corrected
 If one is willing to cooperate in the act, no justice is done
to him
 A little more or a little less does not change the substance
of an act.
 No one is held to impossible