3. Preterite Preterite is used with: Past actions that are completed Actions viewed as a single event Actions repeated a specific number of times; occurred during a specific time period Actions part of a chain of events To state the beginning or end of an action Ar: Er/Ir:
4. Trigger Words (Preterite) Ayer- yesterday Anoche- last night El añopasado- last year La semanapasada- last week Anteayer- day before yesterday
8. Snake Stem changers in the usted e > I Pedir-pide/piden Preferir- prefire/prefiren Competir- compite/compiten Repetir- repite/repiten Servir- sirve/sirven Sentir- sinte/sinten o>u Dormir- durme/durmen Morir- mure/muren
9. Snakey Stem changes in 3rd person Y Leer, Creer, Oir -Í -ímos -Í -ístes -yo -yero
10. Imperfect -actions that “set the stage” for another past action tions repeated habitually -telling time -stating one’s age -mental states (usually) -physical states (usually) -describe characteristics of people, things or conditions Actions not seen as completed Ar: Er: abaía abasías abaía ábamosíamos abaisíais abanían
11. Trigger Words (Imperfect) Todos los dias- everyday Cadames- every month Siempre- always Nunca- never A veces- sometimes Muchas veces- many times Frecuentemente- frequently A menudo- often Todo el tiempo- all the time
13. Preterite vs. Imperfect Preterite Actions that can be viewed as a single event Actions that were repeated a specific number of times Actions that occurred during a specific period of time Actions that were part of a chain of events To state the beginning or en of an action Imperfect Actions that were repeated habitually Actions that “set the stage” for another past action For telling time Stating one’s age Mental states (usually) Physical sensations (usually) To describe the characteristics of people, things or conditions
14. Ser vs. Estar Ser D- descriptions O- occupation C- characteristics T- time O- origin R- relationship P- possession E- events D- dates Estar H- health E- emotions L- location P- present condition I- N- ar=ando G- er=endo
15. Verbs Like Gustar Aburir, Encantar, Faltar, Fascinar, Importar, Interesar, Molestar, Quedar, Caerbien/mal, Doler, Disgustar, Hacer, Preocupar, Sorprender, Apetecer When gustar is followed by one or more verbs in the invinitive; singular form is used Often used in the conditional (me gustaría) to soften a request Would íaíamos Should ías Could íaían
16. Compartive/Superlative Mas … que/ menos… que/ tan… como Para decir “more than” o “less than” con números se usamás de or menos de Irregulares: Bueno- mejor Malo- peor Viejo- mayor Joven- menor
17. Transition Words Aunque- even though También- also Mientras- while A pesar de- inspite of Pero- but Por lo tanto- therefore Sin embargo/ no obstante- nevertheless
18. Future Yo- infinitive + é Tú- infintive + ás El/ella/usted- infinitive + á Nosotros- infinitive + emos Vosotros- infinitive + éis Ellos/ellas/ustedes- infinitve + án Estudiar + É Ás Á Emos Éis Án
19. Trigger Words (Future) El proximodía El proximosemana Mañana El proximoaño El proximohora
20. Irregular (Future) Decir- Dir Hacer- Har Poner- Pondr Salir- Saldr Tener- Tendr Valer- Valdr Venir- Vendr Poder- Podr Querrer- Querr Saber- Sabr Caber- Cabr Haber- Habr É Ás Á Emos Éis Án
21. Por Passing through… PORtal General rather than specific location… PORtugal How long something lasts…. PORever The cause of something… PORpuse An exchange… exPORt/imPORt Doing something in place of or instead of someone else… I’m POR, pay for me A means of transportation… transPORtation
22. Para For whom something is done… surprise PARAty Destination… PARAguay The purpose for which something is done To express an opinion… PARAdon me, but To contrast or compare To express idea of deadline… PARAmedic
23. Demonstrative Adjectives Masculin Plural Feminine Plural Estos (these) Estas (these) Esos (those) Esas (those) Aquellos (those) Aquellas (those) Masculine Singular Feminine Singular Este (this) Esta (this) Ese (that) Esa (that) Aquel (that) Aquella (that)
