2. Table of Contents
• What is Communication?
• Transmission Model of Communication
• Verbal and Nonverbal Communication
• Communication Environments
• Defining Argumentative Communication
• Goals of Argumentation
• Threshold
3. What is Communication?
• Communication is when one or
more people send and receive a message.
• The messages are distorted by noise, occur in context,
have an effect, and allow feedback.
• The message goes through a process of sender,
encoding, message, channel, receiver, decoding, and
feedback.
4. Transmission Model of Communication
• The sender is the source of message and the person
sending the message.
• The message is then encoded by the sender, where
there’s a selection of verbal/nonverbal selection of
how to send the message. Represents the actual idea
and thought.
• After encoding, the message is then finally sent
containing composition and grammar.
5. Transmission Models of
Communication (Cont.)
• Channel is the medium in which the message is past.
Our channels of communicating are our five senses.
• The message is then acknowledged by the receiver.
The receiver is the audience that the message was
intended for.
• Once the message is received, it is then decoded.
• Decoding is the ability to translate the message into
symbols that the receiver can comprehend. A message
can be decoded based on the amount of noise.
• Once the message is decoded, the receiver must then
send feedback or information back to the sender.
6. Verbal and Nonverbal Communication
• Verbal Communicating is communication that uses
language such as words, numbers, or symbols.
• Verbal communication is 9% writing, 16% reading, 30%
speaking, and 45% listening.
• Nonverbal Communication takes place when a
message is sent through non-linguistic ways.
• Nonverbal communication is body language, facial
expressions, and eye contact.
7. Communication Environments
• There are five communication environments: intrapersonal,
interpersonal, small group, community, and mass.
• Intrapersonal communication is when you communicate
with yourself. It could be thinking or talking to yourself.
• Interpersonal communication is taken place when a couple
of people are communicating.
• Small group communication takes place in a conversation
between three or more people.
• Community communication is communication between
fifth teen or more people.
• Mass communication is communication transmitted by the
media. For example, newspapers, radio, and television.
8. Defining Argumentative
Communication
• An argument is caused by a disagreement or confusion in
the message.
• Some argument are easy to resolve and require little
thought or have an authority figure to resolve it.
• However, some arguments are more difficult to resolve and
require some thought or a type of value.
• This is when communication and argumentation take
action.
9. Goals of Argumentation
• The goals of argumentation are to find not the
truth but an argument that is valid.
• Truth is the complete accuracy of propositions,
statements, or sentences.
• Arguing over the truth promotes dogmatism,
which discourages constructive argumentation.
• Validity is the strength of the conclusion and
supports the argument being made.
• Arguing for the most valid position promoted open-
mindedness which encourages constructive
argumentation.
10. Threshold
• Threshold is the degree of validity and
certainty which helps the audience made a
decision.
• The continuum of argumentative certainty
helps people determine the validity.
• Here is an example of the continuum.
0%------25%------50%------75%------99%
Opinion Assertion Inference Fact
