Understanding Plagiarism

|UNDERSTANDING

Santosh C. Hulagabali
Librarian
Nagindas Khandwala College | Malad (W) | Mumbai-400 064
www.nkc.ac.in | santosh@nkc.ac.in

Overview
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Meaning
Why Plagiarism is so rampant?
Cases
Why does plagiarism matter?
Referencing Styles
How to avoid
Penalties
Plagiarism Detection-Softwares
Tips
COIST | Librarian Santosh C. Hulagabali

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“I didn’t write the report. I printed it directly from the
Internet but did all of the stapling and collating myself”


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Meaning
 Plagiarism: Copying or paraphrasing of other
people’s work or ideas into your own work
without full acknowledgement (UoO).
 Collusion is another form of plagiarism
involving the unauthorised collaboration of
students (or others) in a piece of work (UoO).


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Paraphrasing

 Paraphrasing involves taking a set of facts or
opinions and rewording them.
 If the wording of the paraphrase is too close to
the wording of the original content, then it is
plagiarism.


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Why Plagiarism is so rampant?
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Competition
Advent of Internet
Quick result
Quick degree
Thirst for name and fame
No time for intellectual work
Policies
No control

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http://blog.writingshield.com/

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Few Cases
 Jolie didn't plagiarize 'Blood and Honey,' says
judge (TOI March 31, 2013)
 Tulsidas accused of plagiarism (TNN November 29, 2010)
 Playwright refutes plagiarism charge (TOI 14 Jan 2009)
 Nitish in 'plagiarism' row (TOI 16 May 2009)
 Plagiarism issue jolts Bollywood ( TOI May 18 2003)

 LU professor accused of plagiarism (TOI 3 Feb 2013)
 Oscar-nominated Pi's Lullaby in plagiarism
controversy (TOI 13 Jan 2013)

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In plagiarism too, China beats India
(The Telegraph, Tuesday, October 2, 2012 )


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Why does plagiarism matter?

 It is a breach of academic integrity.
 Plagiarism is unethical.
 Can have serious consequences for your
future career.
 It also undermines the (self) standards of your
institution and of the degrees it issues.


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Unintentional Plagiarism
 Paraphrasing poorly: changing a few words
without changing the sentence structure of the
original, or changing the sentence structure but
not the words.
 Quoting poorly: putting quotation marks around
part of a quotation but not around all of it, or
putting quotation marks around a passage that is
partly paraphrased and partly quoted.
 Citing poorly: omitting an occasional citation or
citing inaccurately.
MLA handbook for writers of research papers. (7th ed.). The Modern Language Association of America. New York: 2009. Print.


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Intentional Plagiarism
 Passing off as one’s own pre-written papers
from the Internet or other sources.
 Copying an essay or article from the
Internet, on-line source, or electronic
database without quoting or giving credit.
 Cutting and pasting from more than one
source to create a paper without quoting or
giving credit.
 Borrowing words or ideas from other
authors or sources without giving credit.
MLA handbook for writers of research papers. (7th ed.). The Modern Language Association of America. New York: 2009. Print.


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Examples of Plagiarism
Include: copying (using another person's language
and/or ideas as if they are a candidate's own), by:
 quoting verbatim another person's work
without due acknowledgement of the source;
 paraphrasing another person's work by
changing some of the words without due
acknowledgement of the source;

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Cont..

 using ideas taken from someone else without
reference to the originator;
 cutting and pasting from the Internet;
 submitting someone else's work as part of a
candidate's own, without identifying clearly
who did the work.


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How to avoid Plagiarism?
– The use of another’s exact words (quoting
verbatim) without citing the author.
Incorrect
Plagiarism is the reproduction of someone else’s words,
ideas or findings and presenting them as one’s own
without proper acknowledgement.

Correct
Plagiarism is the “reproduction of someone else’s words,
ideas or findings and presenting them as one’s own
without proper acknowledgement” (Undergraduate
Course Handbook: 2008, p.24)

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Cont..
 when presenting the views and work of others,
you must give an indication of the source of the
material conventions.
write: '... as Sharpe (1993) has shown', and give
the full details of the work quoted in your
bibliography
 if you quote text verbatim, make this completely
evident
'The elk is of necessity less graceful than the
gazelle' (Thompson, 1942, p. 46).

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Cont..
 set the quoted text apart from your own text (e.g. by
indenting a paragraph) and identify it in a suitable way (e.g.
by using inverted commas and adding a reference as above)
 if you are copying text, keep a note of the author and the
reference as you go along, with the copied text, so that you
will not mistakenly think the material to be your own work
when you come back to it in a few weeks' time.
 if you reproduce an illustration or include someone else's
data in a graph or table, include the reference to the
original work, e.g. '(figure redrawn from Webb, 1976)' or '(1
= data from Webb, 1976).

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Plagiarism Detection
 A process of locating instances of plagiarism
within a work or document.
 Widespread use of computers and the advent
of the Internet has made it easier to plagiarize
the work of others.
 Many free/commercial softwares available

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Plagiarism Softwares
Free

Commercial

Chimpsky
CitePlag
CopyTracker
Plagium
SeeSources
The Plagiarism Checker
Plagiarism Detect

Turnitin
Attributor
Copyscape
PlagTracker
Ithenticate
Plagiarismdetect
PlagScan
Veriguide


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Referencing conventions

 Stylistic conventions vary from Universities
Departments/Subjects.
 Contact the concerned authority.
 Understand the style and practice.
 Be cautious while generating automated
references.

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Reference Styles
 APA (American Psychological Association)
Citation technique usually used in the Social Sciences
 Chicago
Style guide for typographical and citation techniques often
used by academic publishers
 Harvard
The most commonly used style of referencing; used widely
in academic journals
 IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
Referencing guidelines used in the fields of Engineering and
Technology

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Cont..
 MLA (Modern Language Association)
Style guide used particularly in academic writing for
languages and literature.
 MRHA (Modern Humanities Research Association)
Style guide used for academic theses and essays in the
Humanities
 OSCOLA (Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities)
Citation guidelines for legal materials.
 Vancouver
Style of referencing using a numerical system - often used
in medical writing

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The Penalties of Plagiarism
 Although plagiarism can be intentional or
unintentional, both have consequences.
– Receiving zero on the assignment
– Failing the course
– Suspension
– Expulsion


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Tips
 At first it may seem very difficult to develop your
own views.
 You are not necessarily expected to become an
original thinker, but you are expected to be an
independent one.
 Assess critically the work of others, weigh up
differing arguments and draw your own
conclusions.
 Practice any one reference style (APA).

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Cont..
 Mastery of the techniques of academic writing
is not merely a practical skill, but one that
lends both credibility and authority to your
work.
 All these only possible, if you are:
* Analytical in your approach
* A true reader and reviewer
* Discuss and debate

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Disclaimer:
The information and screenshots used in this presentations are used for educational training, teaching
and research, not for any commercial purposes.
© 2011 Librarian Santosh C. Hulagabali

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References
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http://www.ox.ac.uk/students/academic/goodpractice/about/
http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/univ/plagiarism/students/statement.html
www.centralia.edu/academics/.../Plagiarism.ppt
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plagiarism_detection
http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples/examples-of-paraphrasing.html
http://fairuse.stanford.edu/Copyright_and_Fair_Use_Overview/chapter9/9-a.html
http://blog.writingshield.com/index.php/2011/02/understanding-student-plagiarism/
www.google.com
http://www.telegraphindia.com/1121002/jsp/nation/story_16042659.jsp


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Understanding Plagiarism

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