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Presented by:-
Sanjana Murya
Bsc. Nsg IIIrd yr
Roll No. 74
 Menopause :-
Permanent cessation of menstruation caused by
failure of ovarian follicular development in the
presence of adequate gonadotrophin stimulation.
Derived from the Greek words “men” (month) and
“pausis” (cessation)
 Climacteric :-
The physiologic period in a women's life during
which there is regression of ovarian function.
 Premature ovarian failure :-
Cessation of menstruation due to depletion of
ovarian follicles before the age of 40y.
Typically between 42 and
56 years of age
Median - 51.4, range of
48-55 yrs
Median for
perimenopause - 47.5
years, median length of
4 years
 Physiologic menopause
 Iatrogenic menopause :-
Surgical, radiation therapy ,chemotherapy,
infection and tumor
Menopause nine by sanjana
 Degeneration of granulosa & thica cells
Failure to react to endogenous gonadotrophine
↓ Estrogen
↑ FSH & LH
Postmenopausal yearsPremenopausal years
* Monthly cycle begins to change.
* Number of stored eggs in the ovaries
decreases.
* Hormone levels fluctuate
 Androgens :-
 ↑ androgen level due to stromal cell
stimulation by endogenous gonadotrophins
 ↓ Androstenedion (adrenal)
 ↑ Testosterone level
 Estrogen :
 In preimenpausal women ,the main Estrogen
is E2
 In post menopause is E1(from the peripheral
conversion of Androstenadione)
Brain
Helps maintain body
temperature
mood, cognition,
sexual health
Ovaries
Stimulates maturation
and start of woman’s
menstrual cycle
Vagina
Stimulates maturation
and helps maintain
lubricated and thick
vaginal lining
Heart and liver
Regulates production of
cholesterol / decreases
plaque in coronary
arteries
Bones
Helps to preserve bone
density
Breast
Stimulates development
at puberty and prepares
glands for future milk
production
Uterus
Stimulates maturation
and helps to prepare the
uterus to nourish a
developing fetus
 Hot flushes / night sweats
 Irregular periods
 Change in cholesterol / blood vessels
 Mental function
 Sexuality
 Sleep disturbances
 Joint discomfort
 Vaginal / vulvar / bladder changes
 Loss of bone / osteoporosis
 Mood changes
No two women experience
menopause in the same way
 Lifestyle changes
 Alternative & complementary therapies
 Traditional hormonal therapy
 Non-hormonal prescription therapies
 Avoid triggers (hot drinks, alcohol)
 Breathing techniques
 Ceiling/bedside fan
 Cool evening shower or bath
 Dress in layers - dry wicking clothing
 Turn down thermostat
 How Can We Maximize Our Health
As We Get Older?
 94% of risks are things you
 can change:
 1. Obesity
 2. High blood pressure
 3. Smoking
 4. Stress
 5. Diet (fruits and vegetables)
 6. Alcohol
 7. Blood lipid levels
 Balanced diet
 Reduce total fat
intake / cholesterol
intake
 Control weight
 Calcium 1000 –
1500 mg / day
 Vitamin D at least
400-800 IU / day
 Limit alcohol intake
 Limit caffeine intake
1 in 4 women over 50 has osteoporosis
Estrogen helps maintain bone strength
Crucial time: 2 to 4 years around the last
menstrual period
 Essential for good bone health
 Average Canadian diet –
only 500 mg per day
 Recommended intakes
(from diet and supplements):
◦ Peri-menopause - 1000 mg/d
◦ Post-menopause - 1500 mg/d
◦ Should be taken in divided doses
 Calcium therapy alone is not enough to
prevent fracture
 Important to maintain
bone health
 Most recommend intake
of 1000 IU/day
 Deficiency due to limited sun exposure / use
of sunscreen
 Food sources not adequate
 May be more important
than calcium
 Risk to your health:
◦ Diabetes
◦ Hypertension
◦ Cancer
◦ Stroke
 Will happen if you don’t maintain an
active lifestyle
 Average weight gain 5-10 lbs
 •Estrogens and progestogens prescribed to
treat symptoms of menopause (e.g., hot
flashes, vaginal dryness) not to treat or to
achieve a specific blood hormone level
 •Also effective for prevention of osteoporosis
and urogenital atrophy.
 •Detailed scientific studies have evaluated
efficacy and safety (including endometrial
safety)
 •Monitor BP, glucose, lipid profile, thyroid function
 •Regular Pap smear
 •Regular breast exam (personal & provincial
mammogram screening program)
 •Bowel cancer screening
 •Flu shot
 •Safe sex
 •Selective bone density testing
 •Fracture risk assessment
 •Cautionary recommendations concerning accidents
such as falls or slips
Above ALL…..
Be The Heroine Of Your Life…Classy &
Fabulous….!!   
As UsuaL….
There Is A Great Women Behind Every
Interesting Idiot…..!!   

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Menopause nine by sanjana

  • 1. Presented by:- Sanjana Murya Bsc. Nsg IIIrd yr Roll No. 74
  • 2.  Menopause :- Permanent cessation of menstruation caused by failure of ovarian follicular development in the presence of adequate gonadotrophin stimulation. Derived from the Greek words “men” (month) and “pausis” (cessation)  Climacteric :- The physiologic period in a women's life during which there is regression of ovarian function.  Premature ovarian failure :- Cessation of menstruation due to depletion of ovarian follicles before the age of 40y.
  • 3. Typically between 42 and 56 years of age Median - 51.4, range of 48-55 yrs Median for perimenopause - 47.5 years, median length of 4 years
  • 4.  Physiologic menopause  Iatrogenic menopause :- Surgical, radiation therapy ,chemotherapy, infection and tumor
  • 6.  Degeneration of granulosa & thica cells Failure to react to endogenous gonadotrophine ↓ Estrogen ↑ FSH & LH
  • 7. Postmenopausal yearsPremenopausal years * Monthly cycle begins to change. * Number of stored eggs in the ovaries decreases. * Hormone levels fluctuate
  • 8.  Androgens :-  ↑ androgen level due to stromal cell stimulation by endogenous gonadotrophins  ↓ Androstenedion (adrenal)  ↑ Testosterone level  Estrogen :  In preimenpausal women ,the main Estrogen is E2  In post menopause is E1(from the peripheral conversion of Androstenadione)
  • 9. Brain Helps maintain body temperature mood, cognition, sexual health Ovaries Stimulates maturation and start of woman’s menstrual cycle Vagina Stimulates maturation and helps maintain lubricated and thick vaginal lining Heart and liver Regulates production of cholesterol / decreases plaque in coronary arteries Bones Helps to preserve bone density Breast Stimulates development at puberty and prepares glands for future milk production Uterus Stimulates maturation and helps to prepare the uterus to nourish a developing fetus
  • 10.  Hot flushes / night sweats  Irregular periods  Change in cholesterol / blood vessels  Mental function  Sexuality  Sleep disturbances  Joint discomfort  Vaginal / vulvar / bladder changes  Loss of bone / osteoporosis  Mood changes No two women experience menopause in the same way
  • 11.  Lifestyle changes  Alternative & complementary therapies  Traditional hormonal therapy  Non-hormonal prescription therapies  Avoid triggers (hot drinks, alcohol)  Breathing techniques  Ceiling/bedside fan  Cool evening shower or bath  Dress in layers - dry wicking clothing  Turn down thermostat
  • 12.  How Can We Maximize Our Health As We Get Older?
  • 13.  94% of risks are things you  can change:  1. Obesity  2. High blood pressure  3. Smoking  4. Stress  5. Diet (fruits and vegetables)  6. Alcohol  7. Blood lipid levels
  • 14.  Balanced diet  Reduce total fat intake / cholesterol intake  Control weight  Calcium 1000 – 1500 mg / day  Vitamin D at least 400-800 IU / day  Limit alcohol intake  Limit caffeine intake
  • 15. 1 in 4 women over 50 has osteoporosis Estrogen helps maintain bone strength Crucial time: 2 to 4 years around the last menstrual period
  • 16.  Essential for good bone health  Average Canadian diet – only 500 mg per day  Recommended intakes (from diet and supplements): ◦ Peri-menopause - 1000 mg/d ◦ Post-menopause - 1500 mg/d ◦ Should be taken in divided doses  Calcium therapy alone is not enough to prevent fracture
  • 17.  Important to maintain bone health  Most recommend intake of 1000 IU/day  Deficiency due to limited sun exposure / use of sunscreen  Food sources not adequate  May be more important than calcium
  • 18.  Risk to your health: ◦ Diabetes ◦ Hypertension ◦ Cancer ◦ Stroke  Will happen if you don’t maintain an active lifestyle  Average weight gain 5-10 lbs
  • 19.  •Estrogens and progestogens prescribed to treat symptoms of menopause (e.g., hot flashes, vaginal dryness) not to treat or to achieve a specific blood hormone level  •Also effective for prevention of osteoporosis and urogenital atrophy.  •Detailed scientific studies have evaluated efficacy and safety (including endometrial safety)
  • 20.  •Monitor BP, glucose, lipid profile, thyroid function  •Regular Pap smear  •Regular breast exam (personal & provincial mammogram screening program)  •Bowel cancer screening  •Flu shot  •Safe sex  •Selective bone density testing  •Fracture risk assessment  •Cautionary recommendations concerning accidents such as falls or slips
  • 21. Above ALL….. Be The Heroine Of Your Life…Classy & Fabulous….!!    As UsuaL…. There Is A Great Women Behind Every Interesting Idiot…..!!   