1. Presentation on
State Policy Of Prophet
Muhammad (Sm.)
Presented by:
1. Sanjida Haque (ID. 1013ECE00091)
2. Najmoon Nahar Khanom (ID. 1013ECE00093)
3. Afia Anjum Chowdhury (ID. 1117ECE00108)
4. Taslima Akter Surma (ID. 1117ECE00109)
5. Fahmida Shabnaj (ID. 1117ECE00110)
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Contents:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Introduction
About Prophet Muhammad(Sm.)
What is state policy?
What was Prophet’s policy?
State Policy of Prophet Muhammad(Sm.)
5.1. Islamic state
5.2. Public treasury
5.3. Military policy
5.4. The code of laws in Islamic state
5.6. Political contacts
5.7. Chaliphabet
5.8. Economy
5.9. Slavery system
5.10. Establishing women’s right
6. Conclusion
7. References
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1. Introduction
Islam is a comprehensive and universal religion for all races and classes of people not
inclined to serve a specific category or group of people but specially aimed to address
the needs of all humanity with its moral, spiritual, social, legal, political and economic
systems.
The aim of Islam is to establish the ideal human society and brotherhood spreading general
benevolence and the divine guidance among men for their betterment and salvation.
The Prophethood mission of Prophet Muhammad (Sm.) provides guidance for a perfect
balancing of individual and spiritual life with social and material life.
“O mankind! The (Prophetic) Messenger has come to you with the truth from your
Lord. Then believe; (it is) better for you. But if you disbelieve, still, surely, to Allah
belongs whatsoever is in the heavens and the earth, and Allah is ever Knower,
Wise.” (4:170)
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2. About Prophet Muhammad (570 – 632)
The Prophet Mohammad is the greatest and most honourable person that Allah has ever
created.
“Muhammad is not the father of [any] one of your men, but [he is] the Messenger of
Allah and last of the prophets. And ever is Allah , of all things, Knowing.” (Al-Ahzaab
33:40)
Muhammad was born on the month of Rabi’ al-awwal in 570. He belonged to the Banu
Hashim clan, one of the prominent families in Mecca. Prophet’s father, Abdullah, died
almost six months before He was born. At Six years of age Death of mother Aminah.
Muhammad (Sm.) grew up in His loving uncle's house. At the age of 25 years old He got
married with Khadijah bint Khuwailid.
At the age of 40 Prophet Muhammad (Sm.) received the revelation. In 610 when he was 40
the first message came to him from Allah by Zibrail (ah.). The day was Monday
21st Ramadan.
Muhammad (Sm.) breathed his last breath on Monday, 12th Rabi’ al- Awwal 632.
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Prophet’s excellent Morals
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3. What is State Policy?
Policy is a definite course of action adopted for the sake of expediency, facility. It is a course of
action adopted and pursued by a government, ruler, political party. It is an action or procedure
conforming to or considered with reference to prudence or expediency: It was good policy to
consent.
State policy means the set of rules or actions adopted or pursued by a Government or State
leader to make the state peaceful & violence free.
Islamic State
An Islamic state (Arabic:
al-dawlah al-islamīyah) is a type of government, in
which the primary basis for government is Islamic religious law. From the early years of Islam,
the Caliphate established by Muhammad Himself where Caliph (meaning, "successor" to the
Prophet Muhammad)
In an Islamic State, affairs are conducted within limits laid down by the Quraan. Nobody has
the right to transgress these limits; in other words, the right to rule belongs to Allah alone.
„Surely I have manifest proof from my Lord and you call it a lie; I have not with me that
which you would hasten; the Decision (Command / Judgment) is only Allah's; He
relates the truth and He is the best of deciders. (Al_Quraan_006.057)‟
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4. What was Prophet’s Policy
Prophet’s political leadership along with his religious guidance, establishment and observation
of the relationships between the newly formed Muslim society and other groups grew in
importance.
The political structure in the Arabian Peninsula changed within a quarter century with the
developments under the leadership of Prophet Muhammad.
The Prophet who had struggled heavily against the dominant religion, social concepts and
institutions also tried to form a new moral and social order in a society rotting in terms of
these concepts.
He eliminated tribal animosities, social injustice, and inequalities, putting an end to the
superiority concept which is believed to exist by birth.
He removed artificial obstacles that separate individuals in a society.
He founded a society based on fellowship, cooperation and affection.
He prevented the killing of girls and misbehaviors towards women.
He raised the status of women who were living under an oppressive obedience rule to a
level that they shared life with men and they had mutual rights and responsibilities.
When the Prophet was in Medina and was Head of State, He declared,
“Whoever dies and leaves a wealth behind, it
belongs to his or her heir.” 4
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5. State policy Of Prophet Muhammad(Sm.)
5.1. ISLAMIC STATE
The Islamic state policy was formed on the basis of Quran.
The third politically constructive act was to knit the Jews of Medina and the Muslims
into one social system for which a written agreement was made which may justly be
called the first written constitution of the world.
The Over lordship of Allah and the Divine law were given fundamental importance
in the organized society of Medina.
The final political, legal and judicial authority was given to the Prophet.
In the matter of defense the entire population of Medina and its neighborhood was
united into a single unit.
This constitutional agreement laid the foundation of an Islamic state and Islamic
system of life.
The Prophet possessed unparalleled political vision and persuasive ability.
The greatest event of the Prophet’s life at Medina was his organization of
brotherhood between the Muhajirin and the Ansar.
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5.2. PUBLIC TREASURY
The Prophet had established a Baitul mal (public treasury) in which income from the state
resources and charities from those who could afford were collected.
The Prophet’s order was that the needy should be generously helped. But all the collections
of Baitul mal were insufficient to meet the actual needs and to eliminate starvation.
Hazrath Bilal was in charge of Baitul mal and in compliance with the Prophet’s orders he did
not allow any cash or the provisions to remained locked up.
Once the Prophet say a heap of dates lying with Hazrath Bilal who on enquiry said that he
had retained it for an emergency. The Prophet snubbed him and said,
“Are you not afraid that for retaining this, you will taste the smoke of the hell on the
Day of Judgment? Spend it and do not fear shortage from All-Powerful.”
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5.3. PROPHET’S MILITARY POLICY
The basic principle of the Prophet’s military policy was not to kill the enemy but to
weaken him until either he cooperated or at least gave up his opposition.
Also the Prophet’s policy was not based on destroying or annihilating the Quraish but on
making them humble and powerless. On the basis of these principles the Prophet
adopted the following measures:
In military tactics Prophet sometimes took the enemy by surprise without allowing him
time or chance to prepare for defense, as in the case of conquest of Makkah;
sometimes He marched through an unexpected route and kept the enemy ignorant of
his movements, as in the Battle of Banu Mustal.
In the Battle of Uhad, when due to their mistakes the Muslims had met with a debacle and
feelings were greatly strained, some of the companions of the Prophet asked Him to
curse the enemy and pray for their destruction. The Prophet replied that he had not
been sent to curse but to convey to the people the message of mercy, and He prayed:
“O God, send Guidance to my people for they do not know (what thy do)”
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5.4. THE CODE OF LAWS IN AN ISLAMIC STATE:
Here are some verses of Quran about the code of laws in Islamic State.
“O you who believer! Stand out firmly for Allah and be just witnesses and let not
enmity and hatred of others make you avoid justice. Be just that is nearer to piety,
and fear Allah. Verily, Allah is Well-Acquainted with what you do.” (Al Maidah: 8)
“(O Jamaa'atul Mu'mineen) Follow what has been revealed to you from your Lord
(Allah alone) and do not follow guardians besides Him (The subservience to Divine
Laws and not of any human being is the real freedom), how little do you mind.”
(Al_Quraan_007:003)
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5.5. Political Contacts
The political contacts of the Prophet were based on three outstanding documents, viz., the
first and second pledges of Aqaba, and the constitution of the Islamic state of Medina.
In the first pledge of Aqaba which some young men of the Ansar clans of Medina executed
with the Prophet, there were matters of belief and morality such as those offering the
pledge would not assign partners to God, would not steal or commit adultery, would not
kill their children, would not unjustly accuse anyone and would not disobey the Prophet
in any act of virtue.
Thus the Prophet established political contact with the Ansar and the foundation was laid for
an Islamic state.
According to Abdullah bin Abu Bakr, the Prophet told these representatives,
“You will be responsible for your community just as the companions of Prophet
Jesus were responsible to their Prophet, while the Prophet himself will be
responsible for his community (of Makkah).”
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5.6. FOREIGN RELATIONS:
Following the arrival of the Prophet (Sm.) in Medina, the Arabic tribes accepted Islam. The
Jews were the only tribe that did not accept Islam. Prophet Muhammad showed that he
had no prejudice against them, by announcing in his Medina Document that Jews had
equal civil status.
Even though the Prophet did not aim to convert them to Islam and only searched for a
common agreement ground and an opportunity for a peaceful cooperation, Jews did not
provide a solid image of agreement.
Holy Prophet acted mildly and generously towards the leaders of other societies and
religions and showed respect for them in order to establish peaceful relations and
maintain peace. This attitude of him was a part of his foreign policy. Scholars interpreted
the following hadith
“When a head of a tribe comes to you, treat them well” (Ibn Maja, “Adab”, 19)
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5.7. Chaliphabet:
The term caliphate refers to the first system of government established by Muhammad (S.A.W) in
622 CE, under the Constitution of Medina. It represented the political unity of the Muslim
Umma (nation).
The essence or guiding principles of an Islamic government or Islamic state, is the concept of 'AlShura'. Different scholars have different understandings or thoughts, with regard to the
concept al-Shura, However, most Muslim scholars are of the opinion that Islamic al-Shura
should consist of:
Meeting or consultation, that follows the teachings of Islam.
Consultation following the guidelines of the Quran and Sunnah.
There is a leader elected among them to head the meeting.
The discussion should be based on mushawarah and mudhakarah.
All the members are given fair opportunity to voice out their opinions.
The issue should be of maslahah ammah or public interest.
The voices of the majority are accepted, provided that it does not violate with the
teachings of the Quran or Sunnah.
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5.8. Economy
Prophet Muhammad (Sm.) not only formulated principles of social justice but also
implemented them. A balanced and equal environment was formed in harmony with
human nature. The poor began to wish the rich goodness, and the rich began to
protect the poor.
The Prophet first determined a market place in Medina for Muslims apart from the
market place where mushriks (infidels) and Jews buy and sell.
He ordered that market place would not be constricted with no reserved vending
spaces. Furthermore, no taxes would be imposed. In this way, Muslims could easily
practice Islamic rules in mutual relations and do business in a separate place
without the financial authority of mushriks and particularly Jews.
The prohibition against reserved vending spaces was important in providing justice
among entrepreneurs, omission of privileges, and encouraging industriousness.
Prophet Muhammad stated that suppliers gained earnings and black marketers were
cursed. He also tried to ensure the continuity of supply the goods to Medina by
prohibiting domestic customs taxes that were taken during shipment.
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5.9. Slavery system:
Slavery was very common among the Arabs. And slavers were treated most inhumanity.
The master possessed the authority of life & death over them. they did not have right to
get married or lead their life on their own will. Prophet Muhammad(Sm.) was totally
against this system, He established some rules against this slavery system.
Islam is a collection of freedoms as stated in the holy Qur'an:
“. . . He (Prophet Muhammad) relieves them of their heavy burdens and the shackles
that were upon them . ..”43
Therefore anything, which is not prescribed by Islam as obligatory or illicit, one is free to
engage in. No one may deny or suppress any of the freedoms since, as the Prophet (P)
said:
“People are masters of their own wealth and lives.”44
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5.10. Established women’s right in society:
Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was born in a society where women had been
subjected to much violence, which often took the form of female infanticide. Daughters
were considered a burden; and getting rid of them was sometimes considered a necessity,
which they did in a most violent manner: by burying them alive!
Prophet Muhammad was very kind and polite toward women. At a time when they were
treated very badly, the Prophet gave women honor and dignity equal to men.
“They (women) are a vestment for you, and you (men) are a vestment for them”(2:187)
“O Prophet! say to your wives and your daughters and the women of the believers that
they let down upon them their over-garments; this will be more proper, that they
may be known, and thus they will not be given trouble; and Allah is Forgiving,
Merciful."
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6. Conclusion
Muslims accepted Prophet Muhammad’s guidance in both fields and were
more interested in his guidance for individual and spiritual life than his activities
as the founder of a new social order.
Islamic justice is reflected through the firmness shown by the Prophet
Muhammad and his companions who obeyed every commandment from Allah
throughout their lives. The Prophet Muhammad taught his companions to
respect the rights of others even those of different religions and faiths.
“Say: Obey Allah and obey the (Prophetic) Messenger. But if you turn away, he is only
responsible for the duty placed on him and you for that place on you, and if you
obey him, you will be rightly guided. And the responsibility of the (Prophetic)
Messenger is only to convey (the message) clearly.”(24:54)
Prophet also demonstrated social excellence with his transformation of social
life. His life represented balance and harmony everywhere.
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7. References
1.
Mohammad: The Final Messenger by Khan Dr. Majid Ali & Ashraf
2.
The Life of The Prophet Muhammad ( Peace and Blessings of Allah be
upon Him) by Leila Azzam & Aisha Gouverneur
3.
MUHAMMAD (A Prophet for all humanity) by Maulana Wahiduddin Khan
4.
www.wikipedia.com
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