Computer Fundamentals Presentation uploaded by Sangeeth Kumar

3. COMPUTERS
Computer is an electronic device, which can
accept data as input, put into storage, process
it according to the instruction and output the
information.

4. COMPUTER COMPUTE CALCULATE
Generations of Computers:
First : Vaccume tubes (ENIAC)
Second : Transistors
Third : Integrated Circuits (IC)
Fourth : Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI)
Ultra Large Scale Integration (ULSI)
Eg: Microprocessors
Fifth : Same components as fourth but system
possesses Artificial Intelligence and
Natural Language Processing capabilities

5. Types of Computers

6. 1. Mainframes – many simultaneous users, handle
basically huge databases, perform complex
mathematical operations
Uses:
Industry,research & University computing centres
2. Minicomputers- can support a smaller number
of simultaneous users, typically 50 to 100
Uses:
Larger business to handle accounting, billing and
inventory records.
3. Microcomputers – Desktop PC.

7. HISTORY

8. Charles Babbage (1791-1871)

9. Difference Engine

10. FIRST STEP IN ELECTRONIC
COMPUTING
Vacuum Tube

11. FIRST ELECTRONIC
COMPUTER

12. New Generation
Computers
With
Microprocessors

13. CHARACTERISTICS
 Speed
 Accuracy
 Power of
Remembering
 Diligence
 Versatility
 No I.Q
 No Feelings

14. DESKTOP PC

15. LAPTOP

16. NOTEBOOK

17. HAND
HELD PC

18. TABLET PC

19. PDA

20. SIMPUTER

21. TYPE WITH
KEYBOARD

22. ENTERTAINMENT

23. Connect to Internet

24. Click for Photo

25. SUPER COMPUTER

26. SUPERCOMPUTER
Rear View

27. MADE IN INDIA
Super Computer PARAM PADMA

28. Mainframe

29. BASIC COMPUTER
OPERATIONS
 Inputting
 Storing
 Processing
 Outputting
 Controlling

30. INPUT DEVICES:
 Key Board
 Mouse [Pointing Device]
 Scanners
 Micro Phone
 Joysticks
 Touch Pads
 Light pens

31. OUTPUT DEVICES:
 Visual Display Unit [VDU]
 Printers
 Speakers

32. Primary Storage Devices
RAM - Random Access Memory
ROM - Read Only Memory
Secondary Storage Devices
Floppy Disks
Hard Disk
CD

33. Primary Memory
 RAM (Random Access Memory)
Inevitable Device in Computing,
Made of Semiconductor Devices,
Program accessible
 ROM (Read Only Memory)
Contains Firmware, which developed by
the manufacturer, used for POST
operation, Not used for Computing
Secondary Memory (Auxiliary Memory)
Used as Permanent Storage, and User
Accessible

34. Storage Measures
 Inside the Computer, Digital Signals are used for every
operation
 Digital signals are represented by Binary Digits(BITS) ie, 0 & 1
 A pattern of 8 Bits can form a character, this pattern is called
Byte, & this is the basic unit of storage
 A 1000 gram is known as Kilo Gram, Like wise a 1024 Byte is a
Kilo Byte (1KB)
 1024 Kilo Byte is a Mega Byte (1 MB)
 1024 Mega Byte is a Giga Byte (1GB)
 1024 Giga Byte is a Terra Byte (1 TB) and so on…..

35. RANDOM ACCESS
MEMORY (RAM)
 A very essential hardware
 Also known as Main Memory
 Volatile
 Made of Semiconductor Devices
 Fast Operation

36. SECONDARY STORAGE
Magnetic Storage
Devices Hard Disk Drive
(Fixed Disk)
Optical Storage
Floppy
Devices
Compact Disk (CD) Zip Disk
Digital Versatile Disk( DVD) Tape Cartridge
Blue ray Disk(BD)
Flash Devices
SIMM, MMC etc.

37. MAGNETIC
STORAGE
Hard Disk Drive
 Fixed inside the CPU box
 Fast Read/ Write operation
 Huge Capacity to carry Data
 Magnetic Storage
 Operation Method is Random

38. FLOPPY DISK
 Magnetic Storage Media
 Available in different size &
Capacity
 Removable storage
 Operation mode is Random
 Nowadays used rarely
Name Physical Size Capacity
Mini 5.25 Inches 360 KB, 1.2 MB
Micro 3.5 Inches 720 KB, 1.44 MB,
2.88 MB

39.  Magnetic Storage Media
 Used as Backup storage
 Available in 100MB, 250MB, 750MB
Capacities
 Separate drive( Mechanism) is needed (Zip
Drive)
 Look like a floppy disk
 Operation Mode is Random

40. Tape Cartridge
 Magnetic Storage Media
 Used as Backup storage
 Compressed capacity of up to
4GB
 Operation Mode is Sequential
 A Mechanism (Tape Drive) is
needed to operate

41. Optical Storage
Compact Disk
 Widely used removable storage
 Storage for data, Audio, video
 Available Capacity – 650 MB, 700 MB & 800 MB
 Operation Mode is random

42. CD-R & CD-RW
 CD- R is Recordable CD
 Often Known as Blank CD
 CD RW is Re Writable CD
 This can be used as Floppy
 You can write, overwrite& erase the data & format the
media

43. DVD ( Digital Versatile Disk )
 Storage Capacity of 4.3 to 17 GB
 DVD R & DVD RW
 Same Physical Size of a CD
 Used to store Data, Audio, & Video

44. BLU-RAY DISK (BD)
 Storage Capacity of 50 GB
Use Blue Laser beam
 Same Physical Size of a CD or DVD
 Used to store Data, Audio, & Video

45. FLASH DEVICES
 SIMM- Serial Inline Memory Module
 MMC- Multimedia Card
 USB Flash Drive

46. ELEMENTS OF A COMPUTER
1. HARDWARE
Tangible or physical parts of a Computer
System
2. SOFTWARE
Instruction sets or Programs

47. HARDWARE
 Input Devices
 CPU
 Output Devices
 Other Peripherals
Example:-
Key Board , Mouse , Printer ,Display Unit, storing
equipment etc...

48. SOFTWARE
System Software
Operating System & Translation Programs
Application Software

49.  Machine Language or Low-Level Language
 Assembly Language
 High-Level Language
Examples:
BASIC, C, C++, COBOL, JAVA etc.

50. OPERATING SYSTEM
Definition:
An Operating System is an integrated set of
programs that is used to manage the various
resources and overall operation of a
computer
Examples:
MS DOS, Windows 9x, Windows 2000,Windows NT,
Windows XP, Windows CE, Windows Vista, UNIX, LINUX,
NetWare, BeOS, OS/2, Solaris, AIX

51. Application Software
Written to enable the computer to
solve a specific data processing
task
Examples:
MS Office, Tally, Auto CADD, DTP Software etc

52. SERVER
Server Manages the client machines, checks
the authentication of users and client
machines, Serves the data and other services.
A server may be a Super Computer, Mainframe
or even a PC.

53. LINUX OPERATING
SYSTEM
 FREE O.S.
 DEVELOPED IN I991
FOUNDER: LINUS TORVALDS

54. ADVANTAGES OF
LINUX
 NETWORK FRIENDLY
 MULTIUSER ENVIRONMENT
 OPEN SOURCE
 RELIABLE
 COMPATIBLE

55. FOUNDER OF FREE
SOFTWARE
 INTRODUCED IN
1983 FROM GNU
PROJECT
RICHARD
STALLMAN

56. Govt. ITI for Women, Kozhikode-10
An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Institution