1. Nursing philosophies
Presented by
Sandeep kaur
M.Sc (N) 1st year

2. Philosophy
Introduction :Philosophy is derived from Greak
word ‘philos’ means love, and
‘sophia’ means wisdom. It is the
loving and searching for wisdom
and truth

3. Conti….
• Philosophy is the science of
knowledge.
--- Fitche
• Philosophy is the science of all
sciences.
---- Coleridge

4. Definition of philosophy
• Philosophy is an unceasing effort to
discern the general truth that lies
behind the particular facts ( that is the
reality that lies behind the
appearances).

5. Purposes of Philosophy
• Guiding the education system.

6. Factors influencing the
philosophy of education
• Beliefs and values regarding God, man,
life, health, diseases, nursing.
• The philosophical values and beliefs of
the institution.
• Environment where education takes
place.
• Student life activities.
• The culture and background of the
people.

7. Factors influencing the
philosophy of education conti,,
• The goals and objectives of the
health care system.
• The diseases pattern and health
awareness and facilities .
• The available resources in term of
man, money, and material.

8. Types

9. 1. Traditional philosophies
A. Naturalism :• Concerned with natural self.
• Believe in reality near to nature beyond
nature there is no reality .
• By naturalist nature is everything, they
separate the nature from God.

10. Naturalism :-
conti….
Definition :Naturalism is a system of which the
salient characteristics is the exclusion
of whatever is spiritual or
supernatural.

11. Forms of Naturalism
• Physical Naturalism
• Biological Naturalism
• Mechanical Naturalism

12. Principles of Naturalism
1) Child centered education
2) Education as the natural development of
the child’s power and capacities.
3) Negative education in early childhood.
4) Education should be based on child’s
psychology .
5) The role of teacher should be as a guide.

13. Education implications of
Naturalism
By using several methods, the teacher
creates a congenital situation from the
nature ,to provide sense of freedom for
the individual development.

14. Naturalism and aims of
education
1. Self expression.
2. Self-preservation.
3. Redirection of human instincts.
4. Struggle for existence.
5. Education according to the nature.

15. Naturalism and curriculum
There is no rigid curriculum.

16. Naturalism and methods of
education
1. Learning by doing.
2. Play-way method.
3. Observation.
4. Experimentation.
5. Self education and self efforts.

17. Naturalism and Discipline
Naturalism is favor to total
freedom.

18. Naturalism and teacher
• Teacher place is behind the stage.
• He / she arrange the environment
with necessary opportunity and
material.
• Guiding the child when required .

19. Idealism
Introduction:• It is the oldest philosophy.
• It derived from Greek word “Idem” ,
means “to see” .
• Plato is the father of Idealism
• Idealists gives more importance to mind
and self rather than matter and body.

20. Principles of Idealism
1.
2.
3.
4.
Presence of universal mind.
Regard man as spiritual beings.
The world of ideas and values.
The real knowledge is perceived in
mind.

21. Educational implications of
Idealism
• Idealism considered student as an
individual with inner potentialities and
education should help the student to
realize that potentialities.

22. Idealism and curriculum
• It consist those knowledge and
experiences that attain the
development.

23. Idealism and aims of education
• Self– realization.
• Evaluation of personality through self
realization.
• Universal education.
• Development of inventive and
creative power.

24. Idealism and aims of education
• Conservation promotion and
transmission of cultural heritage.
• Bringing out the cultural environment.
• Development of moral senses.
• Cultivation of spiritual values.

25. Idealism and curriculum
The subjects which assist the child to
develop morally, aesthetically,
intellectually and physically, are
included.

26. Idealism and methods of teaching
•
•
•
•
Kindergarten
Questioning
Discussion
Lecture

27. Idealism and discipline
• Strict discipline
• Against free discipline

28. Idealism and teacher
• It serve a high place for teacher.
• Recognize teacher as a philosopher,
friend and guide.
• He serve as a role model to the
children.

29. Pragmatism
Introduction :• It adopt a midway between idealism
and naturalism.
• Pragmatism is derived from Greek
word “Pragma” means action.
• It is also known as instrumentalism.

30. Pragmatism
Definition:Pragmatism is essentially a humanistic
philosophy maintaining that men
creates his own values in course of
activity. That reality is still in making
and awaits its parts of completion from
the future .
(Ross)

31. Forms of Pragmatism
• Humanistic pragmatism.
• Experimentally pragmatism.
• Biological pragmatism.

32. Principles of Pragmatism
• Biological and social organism.
• Knowledge should be experimentally
verified and it should be useful to the
learner.
• Pragmatism faith in man’s capacity to
shape his destiny.
• No absolute value.

33. Principles of Pragmatism
conti..
• Practical situations are true.
• It concerned with the present and
immediate future.
• Pragmatism accept only knowledge
which is experienced by sensory
level.
• Only realized ideas in life are real.

34. Educational implications of
Pragmatism
• It revolutionized the education
system.
• Pragmatism trends in education is
known as progressivism .
• Pragmatism considered the learner
as growing biological and social being
, ready to adjust the environment
needs.

35. Pragmatism and aims of
education
• Harmonious development .
• Continuous experiences.
• Social efficiency.

36. Pragmatism and curriculum
• Principle of utility.
• Principle of experiences.
• Principle of integration.

37. Pragmatism and methods of
teaching

38. Pragmatism and discipline
• It does not believe in strict discipline.

39. Pragmatism and teacher role
• It considered teacher as a friend ,
philosopher, and guide.
• Two important qualities
a) Interest
b) Awareness about social conditions.

40. Realism
Introduction :• The first ideology was Aristotle.
• Later modified by Gemore, Russal, and
John wield.
• According to this philosophy thing we
see and perceive are real and
knowledge acquired through senses is
true.

41. Realism
• Definition :“ Realism is the reinforcement of our
common acceptance of this world as
it appears to us”.

42. Forms of Realism
•
•
•
•
Humanistic realism.
Social realism.
Sense realism.
Neorealism .

43. Principles of Realism
• Every life reality are true.
• Does not believe in existence of any
truth.
• It accept only sensory experiences of
the external world as real.
• It looks at a man like a physical being
controlled by rules.
• Real knowledge is experienced by
sensation.

44. Education implication of Realism
• The aim of education implication is to
prepare the child to face realities of life
and to solve the problems.
• The school knowledge and experiences
should be appropriate to achieve this
aim.

45. Realism and curriculum
• Subjects and activities which prepare
the child for real life .

46. Realism and methods of
teaching
• Observation
• Experimentation
• Activities and demonstration

47. Realism and teacher
• Honorable position for the teacher.
• He is well known to the content and
needs of the children.
• He transfer the knowledge by using
scientific methods.

48. 2. Modern philosophies

49. Supernaturalism
Introduction :• Also known as theistic realism.
• Organized as christen philosophy.
• According to it there is personal a
God .
• God is a author creature of nature
and man.

50. Supernaturalism and implication
of education
• Education is regarded as active social
process.
• It take place in the family school and
church.

51. Supernaturalism and aims of
education
•
•
•
•
•
Social development
Economic competency
Moral development
Spiritual perfection
Physical development

52. Supernaturalism and curriculum
• Social science
• Behavioral science
• Biological science

53. Supernaturalism and discipline
• It is against for rigid discipline .

54. Supernaturalism and teacher
• Teacher play role as a guider.

55. Humanistic Existentialism
• It is youngest philosophy .
• Modern philosophy which is primarily
build upon the work of the scholars of
the 20th century.

56. Main assumptions
1)
2)
3)
4)
Man’s existence
Self knowledge
Freedom and responsibilities
Man is not complete

57. Eclectism
• Educationist through motivation,
create a new educational philosophy
by pooling all good and relevant
features from different educational
philosophies , this philosophy is
known as “Eclectism”.

58. Salient features of Eclectism
• Aim of education is to prepare the
good citizenship.
• Flexible curriculum.
• Emphasis various co-ordination of
various subjects.
• Importance to curricular activities.
• Ensuring availability of subject
experts and better teacher.

59. Salient features of Eclectism
conti..
• Suggest scientific teaching methods
based on the learning by doing principle,
learning by play, learning by observation.
• Highest responsibilities of the
government to provide education.
• Emphasis on the adult and social
learning.

60. Bibliography
• BRAUN, BARBARA.J.STEVEN (1994).NURSING THEORY; ANALYSIS,
APPLICATION, EVALUATION. PHILADELPHIA: JB
LIPPINCOTTCOMPANY.4TH EDITION:194-206.
• SHANKARANARAYAN.B, SINDHU B. LEARNING AND TEACHING
NURSING ; EDITION 3RD ; BRAINFILL PUBLISHERS ;2009: 23-43.
• HTTP// WWW.NURSING PHILOSOPHIES.COM
• HTTP// WWW.NURSING PHILOSOPHIES IN NURSING
EDUCATION.COM
• HTTP// WWW. WIKIPEDIA . NURSING PHILOSOPHIES IN NURSING
EDUCATION. THE FREE ENCYCLOPEDIA.COM