1. Sandipan Dhar

2. Who requires Organ
Transplantation?
For patients with end-stage kidney
failure, the best treatment option we
have today is kidney transplantation.
This would provide a better quality of
life for the patients and allow them to
lead a normal, active life again.

3. Who requires Organ Transplantation?
• For patients with liver failure or
• Severe heart failure, organ transplant is
the only way to save their
• For a patient who becomes sight-less as
a result of corneal diseases, trauma
or ulcer in Cornea , a corneal transplant
would enable him/ her to see again.

5. Risk of The Living Donors
Living donor organ transplants are transplants in which
a living person donates an organ
(e.g. a kidney) or part of an organ (in the case of livers)
to another person.
The main concern in such transplants is that living
donors face medical risks when donating their organs.
For example, although donors in living donor kidney
transplants have less than 0.1% chance of dying from
the operation, donors in living donor liver transplants
face a 1-3% chance of dying from the surgery, and a
25% chance of suffering a complication

6. Types of Transplant
• Auto graft
A transplant of tissue from one to oneself. (examples skin grafts, vein
extraction for CABG, etc.)
• Allograft
A transplanted organ or tissue from a genetically non-identical member of
the same species.
• Isograft
Organs or tissues are transplanted from one to a genetically identical other
(identical twin).
• Xenograft
A transplant of organs or tissue from one species to another. Examples
porcine heart valves.

7. Modified Animal Organ Transplant
Pigs would be ideal donors, as their organs are
about the same size as those of humans.
A change to just one of the 100,000 pig genes (a
gene called alpha-gal) means that proteins on the
surface of the pig's organs are recognised as
human by the human immune system, so the
organs are not attacked when transplanted
If such organs were to be transplanted
into human, they would of course need
to function for many months or years

8. Safetyproblem is the transmission of
Another potential
questions
infectious microbes from the pig organ to the
human recipient.
While most viruses can be eliminated from the
donor animals by careful breeding and
husbandry, a particular type of virus that is part
of the pig's DNA has been cause for concern.
The porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV)
does not cause any health problems in pigs, but
might if it infected humans

9. Major Tissues Transplanted
Tissues, Cells, and Fluids
• Islets of Langerhans (Pancreas Islet Cells) (Deceased-donor and Living-
Donor)
• Bone marrow/Adult stem cell (Living-Donor and Autograft)
• Blood transfusion/Blood Parts Transfusion (Living-Donor and Autograft)
• Blood vessels (Autograft and Deceased-Donor)
• Heart valve (Deceased-Donor, Living-Donor and Xenograft[Pig])
• Bone (Deceased-Donor, Living-Donor, and Autograft)
• Skin (Deceased-Donor, Living-Donor, and Autograft)

10. History of successful transplants
• 1954: First successful kidney transplant
by Joseph Murray (Boston)
• 1966: First successful pancreas
transplant by Richard Lillehei and William
Kelly (Minnesota)
• 1967: First successful liver transplant by
Thomas Starzl (Pittsburgh)
• 1967: First successful heart transplant by
Christiaan Barnard (South Africa)

11. …History of successful transplants
• 1981: First successful heart/lung
transplant by Bruce Reitz (Stanford)
• 1983: First successful lung lobe
transplant by Joel Cooper (Toronto)
• 1986: First successful double-lung
transplant (Ann Harrison) by Joel Cooper
(Toronto)
• 1987: First successful whole lung
transplant by Joel Cooper (St. Louis)

12. …History of successful transplants
• 1995: First successful laparoscopic live-donor
nephrectomy by Lloyd Ratner and Louis
Kavoussi (Baltimore)
• 1998: First successful live-donor
partial pancreas transplant by
David Sutherland (Minnesota)
• 1998: First successful hand transplant (France)
• 2005: First successful partial face transplant
(France)

13. Precious gift that offers life and hope
Organ and tissue donation is a
precious gift that offers life and
hope to those most in need. As the
bridge between donation and
transplantation, providing
compassionate and sensitive support
for donor families and increasing
public awareness about donation of
Dead Body at proper time & place.

14. Major Solid Organs and Tissues
Transplanted
Thoracic Organs
• Heart (Deceased-donor only)
• Lung (Deceased-donor and Living-Donor)
• En bloc Heart/Lung (Deceased-donor only)

15. …Major Solid Organs and Tissues Transplanted
Abdominal Organs
• Liver (Deceased-donor and Living-Donor)
• Kidney (Deceased-donor and Living-Donor)
• Pancreas (Deceased-donor and rarely Living-Donor)
• Small bowel (Small Intestine) (Deceased-donor and Living-
Donor)
• Kidney-Pancreas (Sometimes simultaneous, sometimes in
separate procedures) (Deceased-donor, Living-Donor, and
combined deceased/living (e.g. kidney from living donor,
pancreas from deceased donor)
• Combined Liver-Kidney (Generally Deceased-donor only)
• Combined Liver-Small Bowel (Deceased-donor only)

16. …Major Solid Organs and Tissues
Transplanted
Others
• Hand (Deceased-donor only)
• Cornea (Deceased-donor only)
• Skin graft (Living-deceased donor)
• Face transplant (deceased donor)