this presentation is a great to deliver in classrooms, stage or also can be used to deliver lecture on "Evolution of processor". it is also very helpful to learn about microprocessor, directly we can say its a self pack containing all about microprocessor. this ppt contains evolution not only on the basis of generations but also on the basis of their invention. must gothrough it

1. Department of Elex. & Instru. Engg.
Shri G.S. Institute of Tech & Sci
Indore
A Seminar on
EVOLUTION OF PROCESSORS
Presented by
Sandesh Agrawal
BE (3rd Year )
Guided by
Mrs. S. V. Charhate
DEAN Academics

2. Brief history of computers
Various Technical Definition
Introduction of IC technology
Functions of Microprocessor
Various stages of development of Computer
Various leading Processor
manufacturing companies

3. AUTOMATION
MICROPROCESSOR MICRONTROLLER

4. WHY µ-PROCESSOR
??????

5. MICROPROCESSOR MICRONTROLLER
Process DATA Process DATA
Don’t have RAM ,ROM &
other Peripherals
have RAM ,ROM
&
other
Peripherals
Designed to perfo
specific task
Designed to perform
Unspecific task
Clock Speed is quite highClock Speed is few
High Cost, Large size Low Cost, Small s

6. TECHNICAL TERMS -
Buses
ADDRESS BUS
DATA BUS
CONTROL BUS
Program Counter (PC)
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Interrupt
Registers

7. What are
microprocessors??? A microprocessor is a processor that
X
Y
Control
unit
IR
PC
ALU ACC
MAR
Data bus
Control bus
Address bus
A simple microprocessor architecture
contains the entire central processing unit of a computer on a
single chip.
 Process bundle of Information

8. What are microprocessor-based
systems???
Consisting of microprocessors, memories, I/O
units, & other peripherals.
Memory
Output
units
Input
units
Bus
Microprocessor
Control
unit
Data path
ALU
Reg.
Microprocessors are the brains of the systems

9. The Electrical age: -Hollerith machine(1889)
-ENIAC(Electronics Numerical Integrator & Calculator)
-first general-purpose, programmable electronic computer
-17,000 vacuum tube, 500 miles of wire, 6000 switches
-life of vacuum tube(3000 hours) : maintenance problem
EVOLUTION OF
COMPUTER
IBM 650, 1954
The Mechanical age: -abacus : 500 B.C.
-calculator(with gears and wheels) : Pascal
 First generation (1889-1954) -vacuum tube

10. Manchester University Experimental Transistor Computer
Bipolar Transistor : 1948, William Shockley, John Bardeen,
Walter H. Brattain at Bell labs(1956, Novel physics award)
Mainframe : describe CPU portion of computer
Mainframe computer : designed to handle large volumes of
data while serving hundreds of users simultaneously
Built on circuit boards mounted into rack panels(frame)
 Second generation (1954-1959) -transistor

11.  Integrated Circuit : 1958,Jack Kilby (Texas Instruments)
& Dr. Robert Noyce (Fairchild Semiconductor).
 IBM : 32-bit 360 series(1964)
 INTEL(Integrated Electronics) : 1968
 Third generation (1959-1971) - IC
PDP-8, Digital Equipment Corporation
Thanks to the use of ICs, the DEC PDP-8
is the least expensive general purpose small
computer in 1960s

12. 4- Bit processor-
MCS-4 Family - 4004 (used in calculator),
4001, 4002,4003,4008,4009
MCS-40 Family- 4040, 4101,4207,4209 etc.
8- Bit processor- 8008,8080,8085 etc
16- Bit processor- 8086,8088,80186,80286 etc.
32- Bit processor- 80386DX, 80386SX, 80376,pentium
Pentium pro, II, etc.
64- Bit processor- Intel Pentium, core i3, core
i5,core i7,etc
 Fourth generation (1971-present) - microprocessor

13. Evolution of Intel Microprocessors
1
10
100
1000
10000
1974 1979 1982 1985 1989 1993 1997 1999 2000
8080
8088
80286
80386
Pentium
P II
P III
P 4
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1974 1979 1982 1985 1989 1993 1997 1999 2000
8080
8088
80286
80386
Pentium
P II P III P 4
1
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000
10,000,000
100,000,000
1974 1979 1982 1985 1989 1993 1997 1999 2000
8080
8088
80286
80386
Pentium
P II
P III
P 4
Number of transistors Minimum transistor sizes (µm)
Clock frequencies (MHz)

15. Introduced in 1977
8-bit with 40-pin dual in line package
16-bit address bus
4500 transistors,2 MHz,8-bit word size

17. Introduced in 1978
20-bit address bus : access up to 1MB memory
16-bit Internal processor registers also can process 8 bit.
A separate BIU & EU: fetch & execute simultaneously
40-pin DIP package, 29k transistors,

19. 8088
VDD (5V)
GND
CLK
20-bit
address
8-bit data
control
signals
To 8088
control
signals
from 8088
8088 signal classification
Introduced in 1979, almost similar to 8086
20-bit address bus: access up to 1Mb memory
external 8-bit data bus, 16 bit Internal

20. 24-bit address bus : 16M byte memory
added 16 new instructions
Identical to 8086 except the addressing and
higher clock speed
134k transistors
6-12 MHz
Introduces “VIRTUAL MEMORY CONCEPT”

21. flexible 32-bit Microprocessor(1986) : data bus, registers
32-bit address bus(4G byte physical)
64 terabyte virtual
4G maximum segment size
Support 16k segments
Concept of paging was introduced
Available in 20MHz to 33MHz
132-PIN grid array package

22.  Increasing the complexity of the IC:
if every line could be shrunk in half, same circuit could be
built in one-forth the area
 Superscalar : support 2 instruction pipelines(5 stage)
actually execute two different instruction simultaneously
 Pentium(1993) : originally labeled P5(80586)
- 60 - 66MHz(110MIPS)
-8K code cache, 8K data cache
-coprocessor : redesign(8-stage instruction pipeline)
-64 bit AB(higher data transfer rates)

23.  Code named P6 : 1995
-basic clock frequency : 150-166MHz
 Two chips in one : two separate silicon die
 Superscalar processor of degree three-
-12 stage
 Internal cache :
 level one(L1) : 8K instruction and data cache
 level two(L2) : 256K(or 512K)
 36-bit address bus : 64G byte memory
 has been optimized to efficiently execute 32-bit code

24. 1. used faster core than Pentium
is still P6 or Pentium pro processor
2. Two version :
1. slot 1 version mounted on a plastic cartridge
512K cache : one-half the clock speed
2. socket 370 version called flip-chip : looks like the
older Pentium package → Intel claim cost less
256K cache : clock speed
3. clock frequency : 1 GHz

25. Facts
 44 Billion dollars worth of Microprocessors
were made in 2003 as well as sold. Most
was spent on laptop and or desktop
computers it takes about 0.2 % of the
CPU’s sold.
 Almost 56% of CPUs sold are 8 bit
microcontrollers.
 Less the 10 % of CPUs sold are 32 bit or
more. Most are sold in house hold
appliances such as vacuums, TVs,

26. Case Study: Intel Processors Slide 26
SUMMARY
 104 increase in transistor count, clock
frequency over 30 years!

28. J. L. Antonakos, "An Introduction to the Intel Family of
Microprocessors," Third Edition, Prentice Hall, 1999
REFERENCES
Tanenbaum, A S, 1990, 'Structured Computer
Organisation', Prentice-Hall.
Brian Bramer, Faculty of Computing and Engineering
Sciences De Montfort University, Leicester, UK,
“Workstation and System Configurations”