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The Case for Authoring
and Producing Books in
(X)HTML5
Balisage 2013
August 7, 2013
Sanders Kleinfeld
O’Reilly Media, Inc.
The Goal of
Publishing:
Packaging and
Distribution of Ideas
Publishing!
Traditional Publishing!
Traditional Publishing Process!
(Writing!) (Conversion!) (Printing!)
Digital Publishing!
(Post)Modern Publishing Process!
(Both Print and Digital)
(Writing!) (Conversion!)
(Conversion!)
(Printing!)
The Single-Source Solution:
Replace conversions with semantic
markup and automated transforms
<!/>!
ASC/DB Single-Source Workflow:
AsciiDoc
DocBook XML
asciidoc.py
DocBook XSL
EPUB Stylesheets
+ Custom CSS
EPUB
DocBook XSL
HTML5
Stylesheets
HTML5
Print PDF Web PDF
AntennaHouse +
Print CSS3
AntennaHouse +
Web CSS3
EPUB
DocBook XSL
EPUB Stylesheets
Custom XSL for
EPUB postprocessing
+ KF8/Mobi7 CSS
Mobi-ready EPUB
Kindlegen
Mobi (KF8)Source Content
Intermediate Output
Final Output For Sale
(optional; can start with DocBook)
Three Realizations
About a
DocBook-Source
Workflow
Realization #1:
DocBook XSL
toolchain is rather
heavyweight,
complex
DocBook XSL Toolchain Stats*
The XHTML5 stylesheets contain:
•  33,707 lines of HTML-generation code…
•  …which rely on 8,346 lines of common dependencies
Or, in terms of functions, they contain:
•  1,857 <xsl:template>s…
•  …which rely on 272 common dependency <xsl:template>s
* docbook-epub3-addon-b3!
Customization Use Case:
Find the code that generates XHTML
title page content for chapters, and
change it to use <h2> instead of <h1>
for title heading.
* chapter.titlepage.before.recto, chapter.titlepage.before.verso, and chapter.titlepage.verso are empty
in docbook-epub3-addon-b3 distro!
Customization Use Case:
Step by Step
1.  Start by finding <xsl:template match="chapter"> in
component.xsl, which calls…
2.  <xsl:template name="chapter.titlepage”> in
titlepage.templates.xsl, which in turn calls…
3.  <xsl:template name="chapter.titlepage.before.recto">,
<xsl:template name="chapter.titlepage.recto">,
<xsl:template name="chapter.titlepage.before.verso">, and
<xsl:template name="chapter.titlepage.verso">, which in
turn call…*
Customization Use Case:
Step by Step (continued)
4.  <xsl:template> matches on the elements chapterinfo/
title, docinfo/title, info/title, title,
chapterinfo/subtitle, docinfo/subtitle, info/
subtitle, and subtitle in
mode="chapter.titlepage.recto.auto.mode", which in
turn call…
5.  <xsl:template> matches on the elements chapterinfo/
title, docinfo/title, info/title, title,
chapterinfo/subtitle, docinfo/subtitle, info/
subtitle, and subtitle in
mode="chapter.titlepage.recto.mode", which in turn
call…
Customization Use Case:
Step by Step (continued)
6.  <xsl:template> matches on the elements chapterinfo/
title, docinfo/title, info/title, title, chapterinfo/
subtitle, docinfo/subtitle, info/subtitle, and
subtitle in mode="titlepage.mode" in titlepage.xsl which
in turn contain…
7.  The logic we’re looking for that outputs an <h1> element for
the chapter title. Hooray! We need to override
<xsl:template match="title" mode="titlepage.mode">!
Customizations in docbook-xsl:
Five Levels of EPUB Overrides
oneoff.xsl!
series.xsl!
core.xsl!
epub3-element-mods.xsl!
html5-element-mods.xsl!
xhtml stylesheets!
Oneoff customizations specific to a single book
Customizations specific to all books in a series
Customizations specific to *all* books
EPUB3-specific overrides
XHTML5-specific overrides
Base XHTML stylesheets
Hierarchy of overrides =
Photographer: Derek Mawhinney on Oct. 23, 2005 Subject: A game of [Jenga](r) in progress
Cafe Nervosa 21:19, 31 October 2005 (UTC)-- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jenga.JPG
This complexity is
a necessary evil,
emphasis on evil
Realization #2:
DocBook Not Ideal
for Digital-First
Content
Digital-First Content Development
When doing digital-first (ebook/web) content development,
these are the key output formats:
•  EPUB (2.0 and 3.0)
•  Amazon Kindle Mobi (Mobi7/KF8)
•  PDF
•  HTML
* docbook-epub3-addon-b3!
The Common Thread: HTML + CSS
* e.g., AntennaHouse Formatter or Prince!
= HTML + CSS + open source packaging
= HTML + CSS + proprietary packaging
= HTML + CSS + PDF processor*
= HTML + CSS (duh!)
Interactivity/Multimedia Is
Ultimately All About HTML5
<canvas>!
!
<audio>!
!
<video>!
!
<math>!
!
<svg>!
!
Realization #3:
Not All Authors
Love Writing in
DocBook 
Authors prefer
WYSIWYG authoring
platforms because…
“Nobody’s going to
learn your markup
language”
Books in Browsers 2012: Liza Daly & Keith Fahlgren,
“The self-publishing book”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UWftLHopWQ0#t=5m25s
Non-Technical Authors Don’t Like This…
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>!
<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN" !
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd">!
<chapter>!
<title>Autobiography of Me</title>!
<para>I was born in 1980, I love chocolate ice cream, and I
am a <emphasis>wicked awesome</emphasis> writer, yo!</para>!
</chapter>!
DocBook
Non-Technical Authors Will
Sometimes Tolerate This…
== Autobiography of Me!
!
I was born in 1980, I love chocolate ice cream,
and I am a _wicked awesome_ writer, yo!!
AsciiDoc
But Non-Technical Authors
Really Want This…
Microsoft
Word
oXygen and XMLMind Do Make DocBook
Authorship More Accessible, but…
oXygen
XMLMind
This is the Future of
Digital Content
Creation:
Medium
(Short-Form Web Publishing)
O’Reilly
Atlas (Short and Long-Form Print,
Digital, and Web Publishing)
Next-Generation
Content Authoring =
•  WYSIWYG
•  Web-Based (Responsive Design)
•  Version-Controlled
•  Seamless
All Roads Lead to
(X)HTML5…
…But Is It Semantic
Enough for Book
Publishing?
Introducing
HTMLBook
(github.com/oreillymedia/htmlbook)
HTMLBook =
•  Open Spec for Book Authoring
•  Subsets XHTML5 Vocabulary and
Content Model
•  Adds Structural Semantics à la
DocBook
•  Open Source Tooling for Producing
Ebook Outputs
HTMLBook Schema
(github.com/oreillymedia/HTMLBook/blob/master/schema/
htmlbook.xsd)
<!-- Chapter/Appendix/Preface/etc. -->!
<xs:complexType name="bookmaindiv">!
  <xs:sequence>!
    <xs:element ref="h1"/>!
    <xs:element name="h2" minOccurs="0"
maxOccurs="unbounded" type="subheading"/>!
    <xs:group ref="blockelements" minOccurs="0"
maxOccurs="unbounded"/>!
    <xs:element name="section" minOccurs="0"
maxOccurs="unbounded" type="sect1"/>!
  </xs:sequence>!
  <!-- Note: special data-type attr restrictions here -->!
  <xs:attribute name="data-type" use="required"
type="bookmaindivtype"/>!
  <xs:attributeGroup ref="globals"/>!
</xs:complexType>!
HTMLBook Sample
(github.com/oreillymedia/HTMLBook/blob/master/samples/
htmlbook.html
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">!
  <head>!
    <title>HTMLBook Sample</title>!
  </head>!
  <body data-type="book" id="htmlbook">!
<section data-type="chapter" id="chapter01">!
       <h1>Chapter 1. HTMLBook Markup</h1>!
         <p>This chapter describes and demonstrates
the types of markup<a data-type="indexterm"  data-
primary="markup" data-secondary="types of"></a> that
might appear in a chapter. See <em>mappings.asciidoc</
em> for more information. HTMLBook borrows much of its
semantics from the EPUB 3 specification, as applied
via the <a href="http://idpf.org/accessibility/
guidelines/content/semantics/epub-
type.php"><code>epub:type</code></a> attribute.</p>!
</section>!
</body>!
</html>!
HTMLBook XSL
epub.xsl!
!ncx.xsl!
!opf.xsl!
!chunk.xsl!
! !htmlbook.xsl!
! ! !common.xsl!
! ! !elements.xsl!
! ! !indexgen.xsl!
! ! !param.xsl!
! ! !tocgen.xsl!
! ! !xrefgen.xsl!
(github.com/oreillymedia/HTMLBook/tree/master/htmlbook-xsl
HTMLBook XSL Toolchain Stats
The HTMLBook stylesheets contain:
•  2,982 lines of HTML-processing code…
(91% reduction from docbook-xsl)
•  …which rely on 406 lines of common dependencies
Or, in terms of functions, they contain:
•  73 <xsl:template>s…
(96% reduction from docbook-xsl)
•  …which rely on 16 common dependency <xsl:template>s
XHTML5 Single-Source Workflow:
XHTML5
EPUB Print PDF Web PDF
AntennaHouse
+ Print CSS3
AntennaHouse
+ Web CSS3
EPUB
Custom XSL for
EPUB postprocessing
+ KF8/Mobi7 CSS
Mobi-ready EPUB
Kindlegen
Mobi (KF8)
Source Content
Intermediate Output
Final Output For Sale
Packaging XSL
+ CSS
Packaging XSL
+ CSS
Contact Me!
Email: sanders@oreilly.com
Twitter: @sandersk

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The Case for Authoring and Producing Books in (X)HTML5

  • 1. The Case for Authoring and Producing Books in (X)HTML5 Balisage 2013 August 7, 2013 Sanders Kleinfeld O’Reilly Media, Inc.
  • 2. The Goal of Publishing: Packaging and Distribution of Ideas
  • 5. Traditional Publishing Process! (Writing!) (Conversion!) (Printing!)
  • 7. (Post)Modern Publishing Process! (Both Print and Digital) (Writing!) (Conversion!) (Conversion!) (Printing!)
  • 8. The Single-Source Solution: Replace conversions with semantic markup and automated transforms <!/>!
  • 9. ASC/DB Single-Source Workflow: AsciiDoc DocBook XML asciidoc.py DocBook XSL EPUB Stylesheets + Custom CSS EPUB DocBook XSL HTML5 Stylesheets HTML5 Print PDF Web PDF AntennaHouse + Print CSS3 AntennaHouse + Web CSS3 EPUB DocBook XSL EPUB Stylesheets Custom XSL for EPUB postprocessing + KF8/Mobi7 CSS Mobi-ready EPUB Kindlegen Mobi (KF8)Source Content Intermediate Output Final Output For Sale (optional; can start with DocBook)
  • 11. Realization #1: DocBook XSL toolchain is rather heavyweight, complex
  • 12. DocBook XSL Toolchain Stats* The XHTML5 stylesheets contain: •  33,707 lines of HTML-generation code… •  …which rely on 8,346 lines of common dependencies Or, in terms of functions, they contain: •  1,857 <xsl:template>s… •  …which rely on 272 common dependency <xsl:template>s * docbook-epub3-addon-b3!
  • 13. Customization Use Case: Find the code that generates XHTML title page content for chapters, and change it to use <h2> instead of <h1> for title heading.
  • 14. * chapter.titlepage.before.recto, chapter.titlepage.before.verso, and chapter.titlepage.verso are empty in docbook-epub3-addon-b3 distro! Customization Use Case: Step by Step 1.  Start by finding <xsl:template match="chapter"> in component.xsl, which calls… 2.  <xsl:template name="chapter.titlepage”> in titlepage.templates.xsl, which in turn calls… 3.  <xsl:template name="chapter.titlepage.before.recto">, <xsl:template name="chapter.titlepage.recto">, <xsl:template name="chapter.titlepage.before.verso">, and <xsl:template name="chapter.titlepage.verso">, which in turn call…*
  • 15. Customization Use Case: Step by Step (continued) 4.  <xsl:template> matches on the elements chapterinfo/ title, docinfo/title, info/title, title, chapterinfo/subtitle, docinfo/subtitle, info/ subtitle, and subtitle in mode="chapter.titlepage.recto.auto.mode", which in turn call… 5.  <xsl:template> matches on the elements chapterinfo/ title, docinfo/title, info/title, title, chapterinfo/subtitle, docinfo/subtitle, info/ subtitle, and subtitle in mode="chapter.titlepage.recto.mode", which in turn call…
  • 16. Customization Use Case: Step by Step (continued) 6.  <xsl:template> matches on the elements chapterinfo/ title, docinfo/title, info/title, title, chapterinfo/ subtitle, docinfo/subtitle, info/subtitle, and subtitle in mode="titlepage.mode" in titlepage.xsl which in turn contain… 7.  The logic we’re looking for that outputs an <h1> element for the chapter title. Hooray! We need to override <xsl:template match="title" mode="titlepage.mode">!
  • 17. Customizations in docbook-xsl: Five Levels of EPUB Overrides oneoff.xsl! series.xsl! core.xsl! epub3-element-mods.xsl! html5-element-mods.xsl! xhtml stylesheets! Oneoff customizations specific to a single book Customizations specific to all books in a series Customizations specific to *all* books EPUB3-specific overrides XHTML5-specific overrides Base XHTML stylesheets
  • 18. Hierarchy of overrides = Photographer: Derek Mawhinney on Oct. 23, 2005 Subject: A game of [Jenga](r) in progress Cafe Nervosa 21:19, 31 October 2005 (UTC)-- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jenga.JPG
  • 19. This complexity is a necessary evil, emphasis on evil
  • 20. Realization #2: DocBook Not Ideal for Digital-First Content
  • 21. Digital-First Content Development When doing digital-first (ebook/web) content development, these are the key output formats: •  EPUB (2.0 and 3.0) •  Amazon Kindle Mobi (Mobi7/KF8) •  PDF •  HTML * docbook-epub3-addon-b3!
  • 22. The Common Thread: HTML + CSS * e.g., AntennaHouse Formatter or Prince! = HTML + CSS + open source packaging = HTML + CSS + proprietary packaging = HTML + CSS + PDF processor* = HTML + CSS (duh!)
  • 23. Interactivity/Multimedia Is Ultimately All About HTML5 <canvas>! ! <audio>! ! <video>! ! <math>! ! <svg>! !
  • 24. Realization #3: Not All Authors Love Writing in DocBook 
  • 26. “Nobody’s going to learn your markup language” Books in Browsers 2012: Liza Daly & Keith Fahlgren, “The self-publishing book” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UWftLHopWQ0#t=5m25s
  • 27. Non-Technical Authors Don’t Like This… <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>! <!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN" ! "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd">! <chapter>! <title>Autobiography of Me</title>! <para>I was born in 1980, I love chocolate ice cream, and I am a <emphasis>wicked awesome</emphasis> writer, yo!</para>! </chapter>! DocBook
  • 28. Non-Technical Authors Will Sometimes Tolerate This… == Autobiography of Me! ! I was born in 1980, I love chocolate ice cream, and I am a _wicked awesome_ writer, yo!! AsciiDoc
  • 29. But Non-Technical Authors Really Want This… Microsoft Word
  • 30. oXygen and XMLMind Do Make DocBook Authorship More Accessible, but… oXygen XMLMind
  • 31. This is the Future of Digital Content Creation:
  • 33. O’Reilly Atlas (Short and Long-Form Print, Digital, and Web Publishing)
  • 34. Next-Generation Content Authoring = •  WYSIWYG •  Web-Based (Responsive Design) •  Version-Controlled •  Seamless
  • 35. All Roads Lead to (X)HTML5…
  • 36. …But Is It Semantic Enough for Book Publishing?
  • 38. HTMLBook = •  Open Spec for Book Authoring •  Subsets XHTML5 Vocabulary and Content Model •  Adds Structural Semantics à la DocBook •  Open Source Tooling for Producing Ebook Outputs
  • 39. HTMLBook Schema (github.com/oreillymedia/HTMLBook/blob/master/schema/ htmlbook.xsd) <!-- Chapter/Appendix/Preface/etc. -->! <xs:complexType name="bookmaindiv">!   <xs:sequence>!     <xs:element ref="h1"/>!     <xs:element name="h2" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" type="subheading"/>!     <xs:group ref="blockelements" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>!     <xs:element name="section" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" type="sect1"/>!   </xs:sequence>!   <!-- Note: special data-type attr restrictions here -->!   <xs:attribute name="data-type" use="required" type="bookmaindivtype"/>!   <xs:attributeGroup ref="globals"/>! </xs:complexType>!
  • 40. HTMLBook Sample (github.com/oreillymedia/HTMLBook/blob/master/samples/ htmlbook.html <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">!   <head>!     <title>HTMLBook Sample</title>!   </head>!   <body data-type="book" id="htmlbook">! <section data-type="chapter" id="chapter01">!        <h1>Chapter 1. HTMLBook Markup</h1>!          <p>This chapter describes and demonstrates the types of markup<a data-type="indexterm"  data- primary="markup" data-secondary="types of"></a> that might appear in a chapter. See <em>mappings.asciidoc</ em> for more information. HTMLBook borrows much of its semantics from the EPUB 3 specification, as applied via the <a href="http://idpf.org/accessibility/ guidelines/content/semantics/epub- type.php"><code>epub:type</code></a> attribute.</p>! </section>! </body>! </html>!
  • 41. HTMLBook XSL epub.xsl! !ncx.xsl! !opf.xsl! !chunk.xsl! ! !htmlbook.xsl! ! ! !common.xsl! ! ! !elements.xsl! ! ! !indexgen.xsl! ! ! !param.xsl! ! ! !tocgen.xsl! ! ! !xrefgen.xsl! (github.com/oreillymedia/HTMLBook/tree/master/htmlbook-xsl
  • 42. HTMLBook XSL Toolchain Stats The HTMLBook stylesheets contain: •  2,982 lines of HTML-processing code… (91% reduction from docbook-xsl) •  …which rely on 406 lines of common dependencies Or, in terms of functions, they contain: •  73 <xsl:template>s… (96% reduction from docbook-xsl) •  …which rely on 16 common dependency <xsl:template>s
  • 43. XHTML5 Single-Source Workflow: XHTML5 EPUB Print PDF Web PDF AntennaHouse + Print CSS3 AntennaHouse + Web CSS3 EPUB Custom XSL for EPUB postprocessing + KF8/Mobi7 CSS Mobi-ready EPUB Kindlegen Mobi (KF8) Source Content Intermediate Output Final Output For Sale Packaging XSL + CSS Packaging XSL + CSS