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SAMPREET SINGH
400807025
The 3’s refer to standardization , simplification and
specialization three related which are at the roof of any
economic analysis of product design.
The three process are usually linked together and develop as
a logical sequence. From a wide range of requirement it is
first necessary to sort out the essential features ,define
terms and then scientific manner the minimum variety
required , to meet these essentials.
The process of simplification can be carried out with a view
to reducing the variety of products or materials that are
produced or purchased.
This is both an economic and engineering process .
Specialization is one of its natural outcomes.
THE PROCESS OF DEFINING AND APPLYING
THE “CONDITIONS”TO ENSURE THAT A GIVEN
RANGE OF REQUIREMENTS CAN NORMALLY
BE MET WITH A MINIMUM OF VARIETY AND
IN REPRODUCIBLE AND ECOOMIC MANNER
ON THE BASIS OF THE BEST TECHNIQUES
1. PISTON INDUSTRY- Standard sizes of piston are
produced for different products . Like federal
mougal is producing piston for many industries
like maruti , ssangyong as well as the large scale
manufacturers like bmw etc.
2. NUT &BOLT INDUSTRY- standard nut and bolts
are produced so that they can be easily available in
market in case of requirement .
Step involved
1. With the help of market research ,sales statistics, etc
decides what to sell in future .
2. Then , define a standard range of products.
3. From the range , ask the designer to develop minimum
variety of component to match the range .
Classification of materials and
components parts
 Classification aims at , systematically grouping item
,together by their common feature and subdividing
them by their features .
 A system of classification and coding is necessary for
the design of new products within a range defined.
Classification procedure
1. Define all terms .
2. Classify each item according to its basic
characteristics .
3. Identify each item by allocating to it some
meaningful code number.
ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES
 DESIGN DEPARTMENT
 MANUFACTURING
DEPARTMENT
 MARKETING
DEPARTMENT
 PRODUCTION
PLANNING SECTION
 PRODUCTION
CONTROL
DEPARTMENT
 REDUCTION OF
CHOICES
 LESS FLEXIBILITY
 SMALL RANGES
 OBSTACLE TO
PROGRESS
•IT IS KNOWN FOR VARIETY REDUCTION.
•IT MAKES A PROCESS MUCH SIMPLE.
•THE AVAILABILITY OF SUITABLE STANDARDS
ASSISTS IN SIMPLIFICATION .
Simplification is a constant source of disagreement
between the market department and the production
personal .
Simplification removes the superfluous . It decreases
variety for sizes, for example a garment factory making
tea shirts sizes 16 ,161/4,163/4,1 etc.
VARIETY REDUCTION
 Variety reduction consists in identifying the exist
variety and then removing unnecessary items from the
system
 Classification and coding
•IMPROVE QUALITY
• QUICK DELIVERY
•BETTER AFTER SALE SERVICES
•REDUCES PRICE
•ELIMINATE ORDINARY QUEUES
•REDUCE REQUIRED TECHNICAL PERSONEL
•SIMPLIFY INSPECTION AN D CONTROL
•SAVE STORAGE SPACE
•NATURAL OUTCOME OF SIMPLIFICATION
AND STANDADIZATION
•IT MEANS CONCENTRATING EFFORT ON A
PARTICULAR FIELD OF ACTION
CHARACTERSTICS
 Specialization as applied to human activities on shop
floor can be defined as “division of labour”.
 Division of labour is defined as measure taken to
decide the different workers according to their to the
task they performed and all are very skilled as well as
experienced.
 A set of labour only perform certain set operations
instead of completing the full products.
 Like teacher are specialized in their subject hey teach.
 Doctors are also specialized I these days like
neurologist, cardiologist etc.
ADVANTAGES
LIMITATIONS
 WORKER ACHIEVE A
HIGH STATE AND
PROFICIENCY
 SMALLER TIME TO
COMPLETE THE
ACTIVITY
 RAISE THEIR SALARIES
 SPECIALIZED LABOUR
AND EQUIPMENT ARE
NOT FLEXIBLE
 MONOTONICITY
THANKS

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Standardization

  • 2. The 3’s refer to standardization , simplification and specialization three related which are at the roof of any economic analysis of product design. The three process are usually linked together and develop as a logical sequence. From a wide range of requirement it is first necessary to sort out the essential features ,define terms and then scientific manner the minimum variety required , to meet these essentials. The process of simplification can be carried out with a view to reducing the variety of products or materials that are produced or purchased. This is both an economic and engineering process . Specialization is one of its natural outcomes.
  • 3. THE PROCESS OF DEFINING AND APPLYING THE “CONDITIONS”TO ENSURE THAT A GIVEN RANGE OF REQUIREMENTS CAN NORMALLY BE MET WITH A MINIMUM OF VARIETY AND IN REPRODUCIBLE AND ECOOMIC MANNER ON THE BASIS OF THE BEST TECHNIQUES
  • 4. 1. PISTON INDUSTRY- Standard sizes of piston are produced for different products . Like federal mougal is producing piston for many industries like maruti , ssangyong as well as the large scale manufacturers like bmw etc. 2. NUT &BOLT INDUSTRY- standard nut and bolts are produced so that they can be easily available in market in case of requirement .
  • 5. Step involved 1. With the help of market research ,sales statistics, etc decides what to sell in future . 2. Then , define a standard range of products. 3. From the range , ask the designer to develop minimum variety of component to match the range .
  • 6. Classification of materials and components parts  Classification aims at , systematically grouping item ,together by their common feature and subdividing them by their features .  A system of classification and coding is necessary for the design of new products within a range defined.
  • 7. Classification procedure 1. Define all terms . 2. Classify each item according to its basic characteristics . 3. Identify each item by allocating to it some meaningful code number.
  • 8. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES  DESIGN DEPARTMENT  MANUFACTURING DEPARTMENT  MARKETING DEPARTMENT  PRODUCTION PLANNING SECTION  PRODUCTION CONTROL DEPARTMENT  REDUCTION OF CHOICES  LESS FLEXIBILITY  SMALL RANGES  OBSTACLE TO PROGRESS
  • 9. •IT IS KNOWN FOR VARIETY REDUCTION. •IT MAKES A PROCESS MUCH SIMPLE. •THE AVAILABILITY OF SUITABLE STANDARDS ASSISTS IN SIMPLIFICATION .
  • 10. Simplification is a constant source of disagreement between the market department and the production personal . Simplification removes the superfluous . It decreases variety for sizes, for example a garment factory making tea shirts sizes 16 ,161/4,163/4,1 etc.
  • 11. VARIETY REDUCTION  Variety reduction consists in identifying the exist variety and then removing unnecessary items from the system  Classification and coding
  • 12. •IMPROVE QUALITY • QUICK DELIVERY •BETTER AFTER SALE SERVICES •REDUCES PRICE •ELIMINATE ORDINARY QUEUES •REDUCE REQUIRED TECHNICAL PERSONEL •SIMPLIFY INSPECTION AN D CONTROL •SAVE STORAGE SPACE
  • 13. •NATURAL OUTCOME OF SIMPLIFICATION AND STANDADIZATION •IT MEANS CONCENTRATING EFFORT ON A PARTICULAR FIELD OF ACTION
  • 14. CHARACTERSTICS  Specialization as applied to human activities on shop floor can be defined as “division of labour”.  Division of labour is defined as measure taken to decide the different workers according to their to the task they performed and all are very skilled as well as experienced.  A set of labour only perform certain set operations instead of completing the full products.  Like teacher are specialized in their subject hey teach.  Doctors are also specialized I these days like neurologist, cardiologist etc.
  • 15. ADVANTAGES LIMITATIONS  WORKER ACHIEVE A HIGH STATE AND PROFICIENCY  SMALLER TIME TO COMPLETE THE ACTIVITY  RAISE THEIR SALARIES  SPECIALIZED LABOUR AND EQUIPMENT ARE NOT FLEXIBLE  MONOTONICITY