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ASSIGNMENT	
  5	
  
Samhita	
  Shiledar	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
Hello	
  !	
  I’m	
  Samhita	
  Shiledar	
  from	
  India!	
  	
  
I	
  recently	
  completed	
  my	
  Chemical	
  engineering	
  and	
  working	
  in	
  same	
  field	
  now.	
  I	
  
play	
  piano	
  and	
  sing	
  Indian	
  Classical	
  Music.	
  	
  
This	
  lesson	
  is	
  for	
  week	
  5	
  of	
  Introduction	
  To	
  Music	
  Production	
  at	
  Coursera.org	
  
Topic	
  is-­‐	
  Compare	
  and	
  contrast	
  an	
  algorithmic	
  and	
  convolution	
  reverb.	
  
Demonstrate	
  the	
  difference	
  and	
  the	
  important	
  features	
  in	
  both	
  types	
  of	
  reverb.	
  
Hope	
  you	
  guys	
  enjoy	
  ;)	
  	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
What	
  is	
  Reverb???	
  
	
  
Reverb,	
  short	
  for	
  reverberation,	
  is	
  an	
  effect	
  that	
  is	
  comprised	
  of	
  many	
  different	
  
delayed	
  signals	
  which	
  creates	
  a	
  background	
  effect	
  that	
  is	
  similar	
  to	
  sound	
  in	
  a	
  
room,	
  bouncing	
  around.	
  
	
  
Reverberation	
  is	
  the	
  persistence	
  of	
  sound	
  in	
  a	
  particular	
  space	
  after	
  the	
  original	
  
sound	
  is	
  produced.	
  
	
  
Sound	
  in	
  a	
  room	
  is	
  reflected	
  by	
  different	
  things	
  present	
  in	
  surrounding.	
  Hence	
  
some	
  waves	
  travel	
  a	
  longer	
  path	
  while	
  some	
  travel	
  shorter.	
  Hence,	
  there	
  is	
  
difference	
  between	
  the	
  time	
  at	
  which	
  sound	
  reaches	
  receiver.	
  
	
  
All	
  reverbs	
  will	
  have	
  a	
  dry/wet	
  mix	
  control,	
  which	
  will	
  control	
  output	
  signals	
  as	
  
a	
  mix	
  between	
  the	
  dry	
  inputted	
  signal	
  and	
  the	
  wet	
  reverberated	
  signal	
  
Two	
  common	
  uses	
  are	
  as	
  follows:	
  
• To	
  make	
  instruments	
  sound	
  real	
  /	
  like	
  recordings	
  in	
  real	
  rooms	
  
• To	
  apply	
  a	
  thickness	
  effect	
  or	
  a	
  “distance”	
  effect	
  (exaggeration)	
  
	
  
CONVOLUTION	
  REVERB:	
  
Convolution	
  reverbs	
  use	
  real	
  sound	
  samples,	
  recorded	
  from	
  real	
  rooms	
  (or	
  
modified	
  but	
  based	
  on	
  real	
  recordings	
  in	
  some	
  cases)	
  known	
  as	
  “Impulse	
  
Responses”.	
  	
  They	
  use	
  multiple	
  microphones	
  to	
  capture	
  the	
  acoustics	
  of	
  a	
  room	
  
and	
  produce	
  an	
  IR	
  file	
  for	
  you,	
  so	
  you	
  don’t	
  need	
  to	
  do	
  any	
  of	
  that.	
  (e.g.	
  bursting	
  a	
  
balloon	
  and	
  recording	
  and	
  capturing	
  all	
  properties	
  using	
  3-­‐4	
  mics)	
  
In	
  audio	
  signal	
  processing,	
  convolution	
  reverb	
  is	
  a	
  process	
  used	
  for	
  digitally	
  
simulating	
  the	
  reverberation	
  of	
  a	
  physical	
  or	
  virtual	
  space.	
  
Convolution	
  is	
  an	
  advanced	
  mathematical	
  equation	
  similar	
  to	
  cross-­‐correlation	
  
that	
  produces	
  a	
  third	
  modified	
  version	
  which	
  leaves	
  an	
  overlap	
  that	
  can	
  be	
  
utilized	
  to	
  create	
  this	
  reverb	
  effect.	
  These	
  can	
  be	
  real	
  spaces,	
  such	
  as	
  an	
  
auditorium	
  or	
  exotic	
  places	
  such	
  as	
  a	
  famous	
  concert	
  hall.	
  
An	
  important	
  feature	
  of	
  convolution	
  reverb	
  is	
  its	
  ability	
  to	
  mimic	
  a	
  variety	
  of	
  
different	
  room	
  by	
  importing	
  lossless	
  audio	
  files.	
  
	
  
One	
  common	
  problem	
  with	
  reverb	
  in	
  general	
  is	
  the	
  amount	
  of	
  bass	
  build	
  up	
  they	
  
can	
  cause.	
  	
  Convolution	
  reverbs,	
  using	
  their	
  impulse	
  response	
  files,	
  tend	
  to	
  
exaggerate	
  the	
  impulse	
  response	
  from	
  your	
  sound.	
  	
  This	
  is	
  the	
  initial	
  collision	
  
between	
  a	
  sound	
  and	
  the	
  surrounding	
  material.	
  	
  If	
  this	
  is	
  not	
  set	
  up	
  correctly,	
  it	
  
can	
  cause	
  your	
  bass	
  to	
  build	
  up	
  much	
  faster	
  than	
  algorithmic	
  reverbs.	
  
With	
  multiple	
  instruments	
  playing	
  in	
  an	
  ensemble	
  this	
  can	
  cause	
  a	
  large	
  amount	
  
of	
  muddiness.	
  Because	
  of	
  this	
  effect	
  and	
  the	
  CPU	
  effect,	
  it	
  is	
  recommended	
  to	
  use	
  
convolution	
  reverbs	
  on	
  solo	
  instruments	
  only.	
  
	
  
	
  
ALGORITHM	
  REVERB:	
  
Digital	
  reverbs	
  can	
  use	
  algorithms	
  to	
  reproduce	
  natural	
  echoes	
  and	
  simulate	
  the	
  
effect	
  of	
  reverberation.	
  The	
  definition	
  of	
  an	
  algorithm	
  is	
  a	
  simple	
  step-­‐by-­‐step	
  
procedure	
  that	
  is	
  used	
  in	
  computer	
  programming	
  to	
  logically	
  outline	
  the	
  steps	
  
the	
  computer	
  will	
  take	
  to	
  solve	
  something.	
  
Algorithmic	
  reverbs	
  use	
  multiple	
  feedback	
  delay	
  circuits	
  which	
  creates	
  a	
  
diminishing	
  series	
  of	
  sounds.	
  The	
  early	
  reflections	
  are	
  controlled	
  by	
  variables	
  
such	
  as	
  room	
  size,	
  room	
  shape	
  and	
  stereo	
  controls.	
  The	
  reverb	
  time	
  is	
  generally	
  
less	
  than	
  2ms.	
  The	
  computer	
  produces	
  a	
  reverb	
  sound	
  based	
  on	
  the	
  settings	
  on	
  
these	
  controls	
  which	
  controls	
  the	
  variables	
  in	
  the	
  algorithm.	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
COMPARISION:	
  
ALGORITHMIC	
  REVERB	
  	
   CONVOLUTION	
  REVERB	
  
Reverb	
  by	
  mathematical	
  formula	
  
attained	
  by	
  inserting	
  values	
  of	
  
different	
  parameters	
  
Uses	
  real	
  samples	
  recorded	
  in	
  real	
  
rooms	
  
Customized	
   Not	
  customized	
  
Less	
  creative	
   More	
  creative	
  
Less	
  realistic	
   More	
  realistic	
  
1.Recorded	
  acoustic	
  guitar	
  from	
  my	
  
studio	
  
2.Symphony	
  ensembles	
  that	
  I	
  (rarely)	
  
want	
  to	
  add	
  more	
  space	
  to	
  (CineBrass,	
  
Albion)	
  
3.LA	
  Scoring	
  Strings	
  ensembles	
  
4.Any	
  ambiances	
  in	
  a	
  track	
  (almost	
  
never	
  use	
  my	
  convolution	
  reverb	
  on	
  
this)	
  
	
  
1.Live	
  guitar	
  through	
  an	
  amp	
  
simulator	
  (Guitar	
  Rig)	
  
2.Programmable	
  Synths	
  (Massive,	
  
FM8,	
  Absynth)	
  
3.Electronic	
  /	
  Hip-­‐Hop	
  style	
  snare	
  
drums	
  
Arts	
  Acoustic	
  Reverb	
   Use	
  Reflector,	
  especially	
  if	
  you’ve	
  
already	
  bought	
  Complete	
  from	
  Native	
  
Instruments.	
  
Analogous	
  to	
  synthesizer	
   Analogous	
  to	
  sampler	
  
More	
  parameters	
  that	
  can	
  be	
  changed	
   Very	
  few	
  parameters	
  to	
  play	
  with	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
COMMON	
  PARAMETERS	
  OF	
  REVERB:	
  
	
  
	
  
Early	
  Reflections	
   Usually	
  controlled	
  via	
  Room	
  type	
  and/or	
  Room	
  
Size	
  parameters.	
  
The	
  EARLY	
  REFLECTIONS	
  enable	
  the	
  human	
  brain	
  to	
  
quickly	
  identify	
  the	
  room	
  size.	
  They	
  are	
  therefore	
  the	
  
most	
  critical	
  part	
  of	
  a	
  reverb	
  effect,	
  if	
  a	
  room	
  simulation	
  is	
  
the	
  goal.	
  
	
  
Room	
  Size	
   How	
  big	
  the	
  room	
  is.	
  This	
  determines	
  the	
  time	
  after	
  which	
  
sound	
  will	
  reflect.	
  
Dry	
  Wet	
  balance	
   dry	
  means	
  that	
  it	
  is	
  free	
  from	
  processess	
  such	
  as	
  
reverb,delay,chorus	
  or	
  other	
  effects,	
  in	
  its	
  raw	
  
form.	
  WET	
  means	
  it	
  has	
  effects/processes	
  on	
  it.	
  
Predelay	
   Parameter	
  Range	
  :	
  0	
  to	
  x	
  milliseconds	
  
Time	
  between	
  Direct	
  Signal	
  and	
  start	
  of	
  Reverb	
  portion.	
  
The	
  more	
  space	
  between	
  you	
  and	
  walls	
  or	
  other	
  reflective	
  
objects,	
  the	
  greater	
  the	
  Predelay.	
  
	
  
Reverb	
  Time	
   Parameter	
  Range	
  :	
  0.1	
  to	
  x.x	
  seconds	
  
The	
  greater	
  the	
  enclosed	
  volume	
  of	
  the	
  space	
  you're	
  in,	
  
the	
  longer	
  the	
  reverb	
  time.	
  This	
  is	
  of	
  course	
  true	
  only	
  to	
  a	
  
certain	
  extent.	
  The	
  larger	
  the	
  room	
  or	
  chamber,	
  the	
  louder	
  
your	
  source	
  signal	
  needs	
  to	
  be	
  to	
  produce	
  any	
  significant	
  
level	
  of	
  reverb	
  tail.	
  
	
  
Mix	
   How	
  much	
  reverbed	
  sound	
  is	
  there	
  in	
  output	
  in	
  terms	
  of	
  	
  
percentage.	
  	
  
	
  
Density	
   Density	
  of	
  air	
  where	
  you	
  are	
  recording.	
  
 
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
Reverb	
  EQ	
   Usually	
  a	
  Highshelf	
  and/or	
  Lowshelf	
  EQ	
  with	
  variable	
  
Frequency.	
  
These	
  EQs	
  are	
  only	
  applied	
  to	
  the	
  output	
  of	
  the	
  reverb	
  or	
  
perhaps	
  even	
  just	
  the	
  reverb	
  portion	
  of	
  the	
  Reverb	
  effect.	
  
Some	
  reverbs	
  have	
  Highshelf	
  and	
  Lowshelf	
  EQs	
  for	
  the	
  
Early	
  Reflections	
  as	
  well.	
  
Logic	
  has	
  high	
  cut	
  option.	
  
	
  
DEMONSTRATIONS:	
  
Below	
  are	
  the	
  demonstrations	
  on	
  Different	
  types	
  of	
  reverbs.	
  I	
  have	
  linked	
  a	
  
soundcloud	
  file	
  alongwith.	
  Listen	
  to	
  it	
  and	
  see	
  how	
  different	
  parameters	
  affect	
  
the	
  output.	
  1st	
  loop	
  is	
  original	
  track	
  and	
  later	
  ones	
  have	
  settings	
  as	
  below.	
  (on	
  
order)	
  
	
  
Just	
  a	
  small	
  preface:	
  I	
  have	
  imported	
  a	
  guitar	
  loop	
  to	
  audio	
  track	
  in	
  Logic	
  pro	
  9	
  
and	
  added	
  ‘Reverb’	
  in	
  Inserts	
  on	
  Channel	
  strip	
  of	
  Mixer.	
  2,3	
  are	
  convolution	
  
reverbs	
  (Space	
  Designer)	
  (Choir	
  hall	
  and	
  Guitar	
  hall	
  large	
  respectively)	
  and	
  last	
  
three	
  are	
  algorithmic	
  reverbs	
  (GoldVerb).	
  All	
  the	
  reverbs	
  are	
  inbuilt	
  in	
  Logic	
  Pro	
  
9.	
  	
  	
  	
  
 
	
  
	
  
TEXT	
  REFLECTION:	
  
This	
  weeks	
  assignment	
  was	
  challenging	
  for	
  me	
  foe	
  many	
  reasons.	
  First,	
  it	
  took	
  
long	
  to	
  complete	
  video	
  lectures.	
  And	
  secondly	
  I	
  am	
  so	
  new	
  to	
  this	
  field	
  that	
  I	
  am	
  
moving	
  very	
  slowly.	
  It	
  took	
  hard	
  to	
  understand	
  the	
  difference	
  between	
  
processed	
  and	
  original	
  signal	
  for	
  me.	
  So	
  had	
  to	
  struggle	
  a	
  lot.	
  
As	
  there	
  was	
  word	
  limit,	
  I	
  could	
  not	
  cover	
  many	
  details	
  in	
  demonstrating	
  and	
  
assumed	
  that	
  now	
  we	
  know	
  how	
  to	
  add	
  inserts	
  and	
  all.	
  I	
  sould	
  have	
  kept	
  some	
  
place	
  for	
  it	
  and	
  told	
  it	
  may	
  be.	
  Anyway,	
  all	
  depends	
  on	
  your	
  feedback.	
  Let	
  me	
  
know	
  how	
  you	
  find	
  this	
  assignment.	
  Suggestions	
  are	
  welcomed	
  J	
  

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Reverb: Introduction to Music Production Assignment 5

  • 1. ASSIGNMENT  5   Samhita  Shiledar         Hello  !  I’m  Samhita  Shiledar  from  India!     I  recently  completed  my  Chemical  engineering  and  working  in  same  field  now.  I   play  piano  and  sing  Indian  Classical  Music.     This  lesson  is  for  week  5  of  Introduction  To  Music  Production  at  Coursera.org   Topic  is-­‐  Compare  and  contrast  an  algorithmic  and  convolution  reverb.   Demonstrate  the  difference  and  the  important  features  in  both  types  of  reverb.   Hope  you  guys  enjoy  ;)                                            
  • 2. What  is  Reverb???     Reverb,  short  for  reverberation,  is  an  effect  that  is  comprised  of  many  different   delayed  signals  which  creates  a  background  effect  that  is  similar  to  sound  in  a   room,  bouncing  around.     Reverberation  is  the  persistence  of  sound  in  a  particular  space  after  the  original   sound  is  produced.     Sound  in  a  room  is  reflected  by  different  things  present  in  surrounding.  Hence   some  waves  travel  a  longer  path  while  some  travel  shorter.  Hence,  there  is   difference  between  the  time  at  which  sound  reaches  receiver.     All  reverbs  will  have  a  dry/wet  mix  control,  which  will  control  output  signals  as   a  mix  between  the  dry  inputted  signal  and  the  wet  reverberated  signal   Two  common  uses  are  as  follows:   • To  make  instruments  sound  real  /  like  recordings  in  real  rooms   • To  apply  a  thickness  effect  or  a  “distance”  effect  (exaggeration)     CONVOLUTION  REVERB:   Convolution  reverbs  use  real  sound  samples,  recorded  from  real  rooms  (or   modified  but  based  on  real  recordings  in  some  cases)  known  as  “Impulse   Responses”.    They  use  multiple  microphones  to  capture  the  acoustics  of  a  room   and  produce  an  IR  file  for  you,  so  you  don’t  need  to  do  any  of  that.  (e.g.  bursting  a   balloon  and  recording  and  capturing  all  properties  using  3-­‐4  mics)   In  audio  signal  processing,  convolution  reverb  is  a  process  used  for  digitally   simulating  the  reverberation  of  a  physical  or  virtual  space.   Convolution  is  an  advanced  mathematical  equation  similar  to  cross-­‐correlation   that  produces  a  third  modified  version  which  leaves  an  overlap  that  can  be   utilized  to  create  this  reverb  effect.  These  can  be  real  spaces,  such  as  an   auditorium  or  exotic  places  such  as  a  famous  concert  hall.   An  important  feature  of  convolution  reverb  is  its  ability  to  mimic  a  variety  of   different  room  by  importing  lossless  audio  files.     One  common  problem  with  reverb  in  general  is  the  amount  of  bass  build  up  they   can  cause.    Convolution  reverbs,  using  their  impulse  response  files,  tend  to   exaggerate  the  impulse  response  from  your  sound.    This  is  the  initial  collision   between  a  sound  and  the  surrounding  material.    If  this  is  not  set  up  correctly,  it  
  • 3. can  cause  your  bass  to  build  up  much  faster  than  algorithmic  reverbs.   With  multiple  instruments  playing  in  an  ensemble  this  can  cause  a  large  amount   of  muddiness.  Because  of  this  effect  and  the  CPU  effect,  it  is  recommended  to  use   convolution  reverbs  on  solo  instruments  only.       ALGORITHM  REVERB:   Digital  reverbs  can  use  algorithms  to  reproduce  natural  echoes  and  simulate  the   effect  of  reverberation.  The  definition  of  an  algorithm  is  a  simple  step-­‐by-­‐step   procedure  that  is  used  in  computer  programming  to  logically  outline  the  steps   the  computer  will  take  to  solve  something.   Algorithmic  reverbs  use  multiple  feedback  delay  circuits  which  creates  a   diminishing  series  of  sounds.  The  early  reflections  are  controlled  by  variables   such  as  room  size,  room  shape  and  stereo  controls.  The  reverb  time  is  generally   less  than  2ms.  The  computer  produces  a  reverb  sound  based  on  the  settings  on   these  controls  which  controls  the  variables  in  the  algorithm.                  
  • 4. COMPARISION:   ALGORITHMIC  REVERB     CONVOLUTION  REVERB   Reverb  by  mathematical  formula   attained  by  inserting  values  of   different  parameters   Uses  real  samples  recorded  in  real   rooms   Customized   Not  customized   Less  creative   More  creative   Less  realistic   More  realistic   1.Recorded  acoustic  guitar  from  my   studio   2.Symphony  ensembles  that  I  (rarely)   want  to  add  more  space  to  (CineBrass,   Albion)   3.LA  Scoring  Strings  ensembles   4.Any  ambiances  in  a  track  (almost   never  use  my  convolution  reverb  on   this)     1.Live  guitar  through  an  amp   simulator  (Guitar  Rig)   2.Programmable  Synths  (Massive,   FM8,  Absynth)   3.Electronic  /  Hip-­‐Hop  style  snare   drums   Arts  Acoustic  Reverb   Use  Reflector,  especially  if  you’ve   already  bought  Complete  from  Native   Instruments.   Analogous  to  synthesizer   Analogous  to  sampler   More  parameters  that  can  be  changed   Very  few  parameters  to  play  with                      
  • 5. COMMON  PARAMETERS  OF  REVERB:       Early  Reflections   Usually  controlled  via  Room  type  and/or  Room   Size  parameters.   The  EARLY  REFLECTIONS  enable  the  human  brain  to   quickly  identify  the  room  size.  They  are  therefore  the   most  critical  part  of  a  reverb  effect,  if  a  room  simulation  is   the  goal.     Room  Size   How  big  the  room  is.  This  determines  the  time  after  which   sound  will  reflect.   Dry  Wet  balance   dry  means  that  it  is  free  from  processess  such  as   reverb,delay,chorus  or  other  effects,  in  its  raw   form.  WET  means  it  has  effects/processes  on  it.   Predelay   Parameter  Range  :  0  to  x  milliseconds   Time  between  Direct  Signal  and  start  of  Reverb  portion.   The  more  space  between  you  and  walls  or  other  reflective   objects,  the  greater  the  Predelay.     Reverb  Time   Parameter  Range  :  0.1  to  x.x  seconds   The  greater  the  enclosed  volume  of  the  space  you're  in,   the  longer  the  reverb  time.  This  is  of  course  true  only  to  a   certain  extent.  The  larger  the  room  or  chamber,  the  louder   your  source  signal  needs  to  be  to  produce  any  significant   level  of  reverb  tail.     Mix   How  much  reverbed  sound  is  there  in  output  in  terms  of     percentage.       Density   Density  of  air  where  you  are  recording.  
  • 6.                   Reverb  EQ   Usually  a  Highshelf  and/or  Lowshelf  EQ  with  variable   Frequency.   These  EQs  are  only  applied  to  the  output  of  the  reverb  or   perhaps  even  just  the  reverb  portion  of  the  Reverb  effect.   Some  reverbs  have  Highshelf  and  Lowshelf  EQs  for  the   Early  Reflections  as  well.   Logic  has  high  cut  option.    
  • 7. DEMONSTRATIONS:   Below  are  the  demonstrations  on  Different  types  of  reverbs.  I  have  linked  a   soundcloud  file  alongwith.  Listen  to  it  and  see  how  different  parameters  affect   the  output.  1st  loop  is  original  track  and  later  ones  have  settings  as  below.  (on   order)     Just  a  small  preface:  I  have  imported  a  guitar  loop  to  audio  track  in  Logic  pro  9   and  added  ‘Reverb’  in  Inserts  on  Channel  strip  of  Mixer.  2,3  are  convolution   reverbs  (Space  Designer)  (Choir  hall  and  Guitar  hall  large  respectively)  and  last   three  are  algorithmic  reverbs  (GoldVerb).  All  the  reverbs  are  inbuilt  in  Logic  Pro   9.        
  • 8.
  • 10. TEXT  REFLECTION:   This  weeks  assignment  was  challenging  for  me  foe  many  reasons.  First,  it  took   long  to  complete  video  lectures.  And  secondly  I  am  so  new  to  this  field  that  I  am   moving  very  slowly.  It  took  hard  to  understand  the  difference  between   processed  and  original  signal  for  me.  So  had  to  struggle  a  lot.   As  there  was  word  limit,  I  could  not  cover  many  details  in  demonstrating  and   assumed  that  now  we  know  how  to  add  inserts  and  all.  I  sould  have  kept  some   place  for  it  and  told  it  may  be.  Anyway,  all  depends  on  your  feedback.  Let  me   know  how  you  find  this  assignment.  Suggestions  are  welcomed  J