1. The proportion of the world’s population living in urban areas

2. North of the Brandt line (north-south divide) South of the Brandt line South America North America Western Europe Africa Asia Oceania

3. Rapid Population Growth Demand for Housing Housing prices rise People can’t afford housing so build shanty town (also known as an informal settlement or squatter settlement) Demand for Work Shortage of formal sector jobs People do informal sector (casual) work, low pay, don’t pay tax and no security City doesn’t collect taxes and so is poor City can’t employ workers City can’t provide housing Working conditions are poor and labour intensive Industry does not invest in new technology Lack of services (clean drinking water, sanitation and electricity). Vermine and insects thrive Disease spreads Infant mortality and child mortality high High population density Pollution People have more children Demand for schooling cannot be met Children find work Families can’t afford to keep children Street children Uneducated people have more children Lack of green space

7. Mr Mehta property developer Key Agree √ Disagree X The Local Council Small businesses in Dharavi Slum residents Rural-urban migrants coming to Mumbai Mr Mehta property developer The Local Council Small businesses in Dharavi Slum residents Rural-urban migrants coming to Mumbai

8. Urbanisation Suburbanisation Counter-urbanisation Re-urbanisation

10. Global Hubs Natural resources Human resources

11. Cumulative causation Introduction of new industry/activity or expansion of existing business Improved pool of skilled labour/workforce Local authority (council) collects more taxation from its growing and wealthier population and so has more income Inventions and innovation by residents Linked industry and business is attracted More linked industries develop

12. London’s Population

13. Attractions of World cities

18. Scattergraph to show correlation between average house prices and income in London Boroughs

19. Scattergraph to show correlation between crimes of violence and % 5+ A*-C Grades at GCSE

20. Scattergraph to show correlation between crimes of violence and average house prices