6. Da imuno-especificidade à tolerância imunológica História Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1908 “ in recognition of their work on immunity” Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1930 "for his discovery of human blood groups" Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1960 "for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance" Paul Ehrlich : 1854-1915 ‘ Horror autotoxicus ’ Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov May 16, 1845 – 1916 Les anti-émolysines naturelles. Karl Landsteiner K. Landsteiner,K 1900. The Specificity of Serological Reactions. Volume 27, p. 357-371. Harvard University Press. Cambridge, Massachusetts. Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet 1899-1985 Sel-no self hemagglutination Peter Brian Medawar 1915-1987 Tolerance
7. “ Horror autotoxicus ” “ The organism possesses certain contrivances by means of which the immunity reaction , so easily produced by all kinds of cells, is prevented from acting against the organism’s own elements and so giving rise to autotoxins … so that we might be justified in speaking of a ‘ horror autotoxicus ’ of the organism. These contrivances are naturally of the highest importance for the individual.” Paul Ehrlich
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38. Infecção e Autoimunidade Mimetismo molecular * In each pair, the human protein is listed second. The proteins in each pair have been show to exhibit immunological cross-reactivity + Each number indicates the position on the intact protein of the amino-terminal amino acid in the listed sequence. ± Amino acid residues are indicated by single-letter code. Identical residues are shown in blue. SOURCE: Adapted from M.B.A. Oldstone 1987. Cell 50:819 Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol. 2007:111-118 Table 10-3 Molecular mimicry between proteins of infectious organisms and human host proteins Protein* Residue + Sequence ± Human cytomegalovirus E2 HLA-DR molecule 79 60 P D P L G R P D E D V T E L G R P D A E Poliovirus VP2 acetylcholine receptor 70 176 S T T K E S R G T T T V I K E S R G T K Papilloma virus E2 Insulin receptor 76 66 S L H L E S L K D S V Y G L E S L K D L Rabies virus glycoprotein Insulin receptor 147 764 T K E S L V I I S N K E S L V I S E Klebsiella pneumoniae nitrogenase HLA – B27 molecule 186 70 S R Q T D R E D E K A Q T D R E D L Adenovirus 12 E1B α - Gliadin 384 206 L R R G M F R P S Q C N L G Q G S F R P S Q Q N Human immunodeficiency virus p24 Human IgG constant region 160 466 G V E T T T P S G V E T T T P S Measles virus P3 Corticotropin 13 18 L E C I R A L K L E C I R A C K Measles virus P3 Myelin basic protein 31 61 E I S D N L G Q E E I S F K L G Q E
39. Metaloproteinases de matriz extracelular Lesão tecidual e Neo-antígenos J Neuroimmunology 187(2007)9 -19 J Neuroimmunology193(2008)140-148 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 4, 510-518 (June 2005) J. Clin. Invest.104:1507-1515 (1999). Nat. Rev. Immunol. Vol 4 oct 2004 p825 BiochimicaetBiophysicaActa1760(2006)610615 Ann.N.Y.Acad.Sci.1085:117ñ132(2006) Epítopos remanescentes que geram auto-imunidade
54. Algumas Doenças auto-imunes causadas por infecções Diabetes tipo 1 Barnett, L. A. & Fujinami, R. S. Molecular mimicry: a mechanism for autoimmune injury FASEB J. 6, 840–844 (1992) Nat Rev Immunol. (2002); vol. 2 June p419 J. Immunol. (2005);174: 7481-7486 PNAS USA (2001); 98 3988-3991
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56. As infecções estão resolvidas no momento do diagnóstico de doença auto-imune Nat. Rev. Immunol 2003 1:152