The document discusses the algorithms of breadth-first search (BFS) and depth-first search (DFS) on graphs. It provides pseudocode for BFS and DFS, and examples of running the algorithms on sample graphs. Key points include:
- BFS uses a queue to explore all neighbors of a vertex before moving to the next level. It finds the shortest paths from the source.
- DFS uses recursion to explore as deep as possible before backtracking. It identifies tree edges, back edges, and forward edges.
- Both BFS and DFS run in O(V+E) time on a graph with V vertices and E edges.