7. Application Techniques FORMAL PARTICIPATION INFORMAL PARTICIPATION PROGRAMME BASED ON INDIVIDUAL BASIS ON GROUP BASIS INDIVIDUAL EFFECTS DECISION MAKING OF SUPERIOR CONSULTATIVE DEMOCRATIC
8.
9. Area of Job Freedom AREA OF EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN DECISION MAKING TELLS SELLS CONSULT AREA OF AUTHORITY APPLIED BY MANAGER JOINS WITHDRAWS Manager makes & announces decisions Manager seek ideas, sells decision, decisions are subject to change Manager asks for recommendation before deciding Manager decides with group “one person one vote” Manager asks group to decide Autocratic Benevolent Autocratic Consultive / Participative Management Democratic Management Free Rein Management