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RESEARCH PROJECT

    By Capt. Sahil Puri
                                                S
                                       AF ARE R
                               ON OF SE
                       ALISATI
             C R IM IN
INTRODUCTION
“ A nice clear night, good visibility, vessel somewhere in the
  South China Sea, nearest land 25 nautical miles off, isolated
  fishing traffic.
  Master comes up on the bridge around 2300 hrs , checks the
  chart(s) and the vessel’s position, calculates the track she would
  cover during the night and checks for any navigational hazards
  and other factors so as to fully appraise himself of the situation
  and when fully satisfied puts down WRITTEN orders.
  These include strict compliance with master’s & company’s
  standing orders, giving all vessels – especially fishing vessels, a
  wide berth and to be called in case of any doubt.
  Wishing duty officer a good watch, the master goes off to sleep
  …...”
The above could most certainly be any normal day at sea in
the life of a proficient, experienced and law abiding master
belonging to any nationality, to any company, on any type of
vessel flying the flag of any Maritime State.

“…10 hours later he is incarcerated for involuntary
manslaughter….”

 “Even as the shock and disbelief of the charges against him
baffle his senses, little does he know that for the next 18
months he would be living like a criminal in an alien nation
with nothing but a question to haunt him as to what wrong
did he do ! ”
UNBELIEVABLE !

      AS IT MAY SOUND,

THIS IS THE BITTER TRUTH THAT

EVERY SEAFARER FACES TODAY.
“CRIMINALISATION OF
    SEAFARERS”
 PAWNS IN POLITICAL AND
     LEGAL GAMES                              S
                                     AF ARE R
                             ON OF SE
                     ALISATI
           C R IM IN
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

"How has the 'Criminalization of Seafarers'
 impacted the perception of shipping
 (sailing) as a career ? How can a solution
 path to this problem be identified? "


                                                         RS
                                                 EA F ARE
                                       IO N OF S
                                A LISAT
                      C R IM IN
HYPOTHESIS
i) The instances/cases of ‘criminalisation of seafarers’ has had
   a very negative impact on the way seafarers in general
   perceive shipping (sailing) as a career.

ii) This issue has negatively impacted seafarers at different
    levels of shipboard organisation viz. Senior officers,
    Junior officers and Cadets/Trainees.

iii) This issue has negatively impacted seafarers in both the
    deck as well as engine department.

iv) This issue has negatively impacted seafarers serving on
   both the tankers as well as dry cargo ships.
METHODOLOGY& PROCEDURE
    For the purpose of this research a survey was conducted
    which had two components:
   Online survey – links posted on various websites.
   Group administered survey – physical interaction with
    seafarers at various training institutes, company office etc.



                                                                   RS
                                                           EA F ARE
                                                 IO N OF S
                                          A LISAT
                                C R IM IN
SAMPLE
    A total of 306 respondents participated in the survey
    An attempt was made to have sufficient number of
    seafarers based on each of the following divisions:
                                Division (i)
   Senior officers
   Junior officers
   Cadets/Trainees
                                Division (ii)
   Seafarers serving on Tankers
   Seafarers serving on Dry Cargo ships

                               Division (iii)
   Seafarers from Deck department
   Seafarers from Engine department
RESULTS-IMPACT
The first section of the survey consisted of statements
assessing the impact of criminalisation. The respondents
were given multiple choice answers and asked to select
what was closest to what they feel.




                                                              RS
                                                      EA F ARE
                                            IO N OF S
                                     A LISAT
                           C R IM IN
Statement: I fear I can become a victim of criminalisation in
spite of following my professional duties judiciously.


                         Q2. I Fear I can become a victim of criminalization inspite of following my professional
                         duties judiciously.
                                           96%                                              4%
                  50 %

                                                 41
                  40 %           37
 % OF RESPONSES




                  30 %


                  20 %                                         18


                  10 %
                                                                                              3
                                                                               1                             0
                   0%
                            ST RONGLY         AGREE       SOME WHAT       UNDECIDED       DISAGREE       ST RONGLY
                              AGREE                         AGREE                                         DISAGREE
Statement: The issue of criminalisation has affected my
                 morale and enthusiasm towards work and my career.


                        Q3.The issue of criminalisation has affected my morale and enthusiasm towards
                        work and my career.
                                        79%                                      21%
                 50 %



                 40 %
                                          35
% OF RESPONSES




                 30 %                                   28


                 20 %
                            16                                                     15

                 10 %
                                                                      4
                                                                                                 2
                 0%
                         STRONGLY        AGREE      SOME WHAT     UNDECIDED     DISAGREE      STRONGLY
                           AGREE                      AGREE                                   DISAGREE
Statement: The issue of criminalisation has made my life
more stressful while on board.

                             Q4.The issue of criminalisation has made my life more stressful while on board.

                                            76%                                           24%
                 50 %



                 40 %


                                             31
% OF RESPONSES




                 30 %
                              25

                                                            20
                 20 %
                                                                                            15


                 10 %                                                        7

                                                                                                               2
                 0%
                        STRONGLY AGREE     AGREE        SOME WHAT       UNDECIDED        DISAGREE       STRONGLY
                                                          AGREE                                         DISAGREE
Statement: The fear of Criminalization is a considerably
strong factor that may prompt me to look into alternative
career options ashore.
                          Q5.The fear of Criminalization is a considerably strong factor that may prompt me to
                          look into alternative career options ashore.
                                             67%                                             33%
                 50 %



                 40 %
% OF RESPONSES




                 30 %
                                             29


                             20
                 20 %                                        18                             18

                                                                            11
                 10 %
                                                                                                            4

                 0%
                        STRONGLY AGREE     AGREE         SOME WHAT      UNDECIDED        DISAGREE       STRONGLY
                                                           AGREE                                        DISAGREE
Statement: With Criminalization in mind I would discourage
my family members or friends from taking up shipping
(sailing) as a career.
                           Q6.W ith Criminalization in mind I would discourage my family members or friends
                           from taking up shipping (sailing) as a career.

                                           71%                                           29%
                 50 %



                 40 %
% OF RESPONSES




                 30 %
                              25             25
                                                            21
                 20 %                                                                     19



                 10 %
                                                                            6
                                                                                                          4

                 0%
                        STRONGLY AGREE     AGREE        SOME WHAT      UNDECIDED       DISAGREE       STRONGLY
                                                          AGREE                                       DISAGREE
Statement: I feel appropriate and timely action is not being
taken by the responsible international bodies and
governments to successfully deal with this problem.
                           Q7.I feel appropriate and timely action is not being taken by the responsible
                           international bodies and governments to successfully deal with this problem.

                                        95%                                             5%
                 60 %      56


                 50 %


                 40 %
% OF RESPONSES




                                          32
                 30 %


                 20 %


                 10 %                                     8
                                                                          2               2                1
                 0%
                        STRONGLY        AGREE         SOME WHAT       UNDECIDED       DISAGREE       STRONGLY
                          AGREE                         AGREE                                        DISAGREE
Statement: I feel this problem is only going to get
aggravated in future.

                                   Q8.I feel this problem is only going to get aggravated in future.
                                           90%                                            10%
                 50 %


                                           42
                 40 %      38
% OF RESPONSES




                 30 %



                 20 %

                                                            12
                 10 %
                                                                             6
                                                                                             3
                                                                                                          1
                 0%
                        STRONGLY          AGREE         SOME WHAT       UNDECIDED        DISAGREE      STRONGLY
                          AGREE                           AGREE                                        DISAGREE
Statement: I do not feel the incentives and perks involved
with shipping (sailing) are at par with the risks involved
particularly with reference to criminalization.
                         Q9.I do not feel the incentives and perks involved with shipping (sailing) are at par
                         with the risks involved particularly with reference to criminalization.

                                       88%                                             12%
                 50 %



                 40 %      37
                                          34
% OF RESPONSES




                 30 %



                 20 %
                                                          16


                 10 %                                                     7
                                                                                          4
                                                                                                         1
                 0%
                        STRONGLY        AGREE        SOME WHAT       UNDECIDED        DISAGREE       STRONGLY
                          AGREE                        AGREE                                         DISAGREE
Statement: With incidents of Criminalization being widely
highlighted through the media, my family members feel
more insecure sending me out to sea.
                        Q10.W ith incidents of Criminalization being widely highlighted through the media , my
                        family members feel more insecure sending me out to sea.

                                         87%                                            13%
                 50 %



                 40 %
                                            36
% OF RESPONSES




                 30 %        27
                                                            23

                 20 %



                 10 %                                                                      7
                                                                            5
                                                                                                          1
                 0%
                          STRONGLY         AGREE        SOME WHAT      UNDECIDED        DISAGREE       STRONGLY
                            AGREE                         AGREE                                        DISAGREE
Statement: I feel the incidents of criminalisation have further
tarnished the image of shipping as a lucrative career option.

                        Q11.I feel the incidents of criminalisation has further tarnished the image of shipping as
                        a lucrative career option.
                                           89%                                             11%
                 50 %

                                             42
                 40 %


                             31
% OF RESPONSES




                 30 %

                                                                     Y

                 20 %
                                                              16


                 10 %                                                                         8

                                                                              2                               1
                 0%
                        STRONGLY AGREE      AGREE        SOME WHAT        UNDECIDED        DISAGREE       STRONGLY
                                                           AGREE                                          DISAGREE
SUMMARY- CONSOLIDATED

               52.4% - PRESENT SCENARIO




  100%                             0                 100%




WORST POSSIBLE SCENARIO                   BEST POSSIBLE SCENARIO
SUMMARY- CATEGORY

SENIOR OFFICERS 64%

                          CADETS/TRAINEES 36%




     100%                                                     100%




               JUNIOR OFFICERS 55%


WORST POSSIBLE SCENARIO                         BEST POSSIBLE SCENARIO
SUMMARY- SHIP TYPE

             TANKERS 56%




     100%                                   100%




               DRY CARGO 46%


WORST POSSIBLE SCENARIO        BEST POSSIBLE SCENARIO
SUMMARY- SHIP DEPT.

             DECK OFFICERS 60%




     100%                                      100%




               ENG OFFICERS 60%


WORST POSSIBLE SCENARIO           BEST POSSIBLE SCENARIO
RESULTS-SOLUTION
In the second section of the survey the respondents were
given five possible solutions to the problem of
criminalisation and were asked to assess these solutions
from their perspective. The options consisted of a scale
from 1 to 10 with ‘1’ indicating ‘Least effective’ and ‘10’
indicating ‘Most effective’.



                                                              RS
                                                      EA F ARE
                                            IO N OF S
                                     A LISAT
                           C R IM IN
Statement: In case of any incident there should be no
incarceration of seafarers without charge i.e they are
considered innocent until proven guilty and are rightly
treated so.
                          Q12.In case of any incident there should be no incarcenation of seafarers without
                          charge i.e they are considered innocent until proven guilty and are rightly treated so.


                   70.0


                   60.0
                                                                                                                    51.2
% OF RESPONDENTS




                   50.0


                   40.0


                   30.0

                                                                                               19.6
                   20.0                                                                                  17.7


                   10.0
                                                                  2.9                 4.3
                          1.4                 1.0                           1.9
                                    0.0                 0.0
                    0.0
                           1         2         3         4         5         6        7         8         9         10
                                          EFFECTIVENESS : 1= LEAST EFFECTIVE , 10= MOST EFFECTIVE
Statement: Seafarers should be recognized as a special
category of workers and given special protection such as
trial only under a well established international tribunal
rather than under local jurisdiction in case of an incident.
                          Q13.Seafarers should be recognized as a special category of workers and given special
                          protection such as trial only under a well established international tribunal rather than
                          under local jurisdiction in case of an incident.
                   70.0


                   60.0                                                                                               58.4


                   50.0
% OF RESPONDENTS




                   40.0


                   30.0
                                                                                                          22.0
                   20.0
                                                                                                12.9
                   10.0
                                                                   1.4                 2.4
                           0.5       1.0       0.5       0.0                 1.0
                    0.0
                            1         2         3         4         5         6         7        8          9         10
                                           EFFECTIVENESS : 1= LEAST EFFECTIVE , 10= MOST EFFECTIVE
Statement: National laws in various countries that
incriminate the seafarers for acts of pollution even if they
are not intentional or resulting from gross negligence must
be suitably amended.
                          Q14.National laws in various countries that incriminate the seafarers for acts of
                          pollution even if they are not intentional or resulting from gross negligence must be
                          suitably amended.


                   70.0

                   60.0

                                                                                                                  49.3
% OF RESPONDENTS




                   50.0

                   40.0

                   30.0
                                                                                                        22.5
                   20.0                                                                       16.3

                   10.0                                                             5.3
                          1.0                          1.0       1.9       2.4
                                   0.5       0.0
                    0.0
                          1         2         3         4         5        6         7         8         9        10
                                     EFFECTIVENESS : 1= LEAST EFFECTIVE , 10= M OST EFFECTIVE
Statement: There must not be any custodial detention of
seafarers pending the trial i.e they are allowed to return to
their home country and summoned only when required.
                          Q15.There must not be any custodial detention of seafarers pending the trial i.e they
                          are allowed to return to their home country and summoned only when required.


                   70.0                                                                                           67.3


                   60.0
% OF RESPONDENTS




                   50.0


                   40.0


                   30.0


                   20.0                                                                                15.9

                                                                                              9.1
                   10.0
                                                                                    3.8
                          0.5                0.5                 1.9       1.0
                                    0.0                0.0
                    0.0
                           1        2         3         4         5        6         7         8         9        10
                                     EFFECTIVENESS : 1= LEAST EFFECTIVE , 10= M OST EFFECTIVE
Statement: The guidelines on the "fair treatment of seafarers"
must be made mandatory.

                           Q16.The guidelines on the "fair treatment of seafarers" must be made mandatory.

                                                                                                             69.9
                   70.0


                   60.0


                   50.0
% OF RESPONDENTS




                   40.0


                   30.0


                   20.0
                                                                                           12.9      13.4


                   10.0
                                                                         1.0      1.9
                          0.5      0.0      0.0       0.0      0.5
                    0.0
                          1        2         3        4         5        6        7         8         9      10
                                    EFFECTIVENESS : 1= LEAST EFFECTIVE , 10= M OST EFFECTIVE
CONCLUSION
“Wake up higher authorities .I am young and energetic and
  pretty much optimistic towards my sea service. Kindly
  take short notice action on criminalisation. Best regards.”

                  - One of the respondents, a Pakistani cadet

  The above statement in my opinion symbolises the crux
  of the problem that this research was aiming to address.

   It has shades of despair which reflects the helplessness of
  the respondent, much the same feeling shared by majority
  of the seafarers that participated in the survey
The results clearly reflected that this problem is deep
rooted and no matter what level of shipboard
organisation, what department or what type of ship, the
issue has had a negative impact.

On the contrary the above statement also has shades of
hope and optimism.

Same was apparent in the majority of the respondents
who actively came forward to put across their point of
view and their suggestions on how to deal with this issue.

The wide acceptance that the solutions mentioned in the
questionnaire received, is in itself a sign of optimism that
              “Something can be done”
The only question however that remains unanswered is




      “Will it be done??”
                                                              RS
                                                      EA F ARE
                                            IO N OF S
                                     A LISAT
                           C R IM IN
Thank you for your attention

                                                RS
                                        EA F ARE
                              IO N OF S
                       A LISAT
             C R IM IN

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Criminalization of seafarers - A Research Project

  • 1. RESEARCH PROJECT By Capt. Sahil Puri S AF ARE R ON OF SE ALISATI C R IM IN
  • 2. INTRODUCTION “ A nice clear night, good visibility, vessel somewhere in the South China Sea, nearest land 25 nautical miles off, isolated fishing traffic. Master comes up on the bridge around 2300 hrs , checks the chart(s) and the vessel’s position, calculates the track she would cover during the night and checks for any navigational hazards and other factors so as to fully appraise himself of the situation and when fully satisfied puts down WRITTEN orders. These include strict compliance with master’s & company’s standing orders, giving all vessels – especially fishing vessels, a wide berth and to be called in case of any doubt. Wishing duty officer a good watch, the master goes off to sleep …...”
  • 3. The above could most certainly be any normal day at sea in the life of a proficient, experienced and law abiding master belonging to any nationality, to any company, on any type of vessel flying the flag of any Maritime State. “…10 hours later he is incarcerated for involuntary manslaughter….” “Even as the shock and disbelief of the charges against him baffle his senses, little does he know that for the next 18 months he would be living like a criminal in an alien nation with nothing but a question to haunt him as to what wrong did he do ! ”
  • 4. UNBELIEVABLE ! AS IT MAY SOUND, THIS IS THE BITTER TRUTH THAT EVERY SEAFARER FACES TODAY.
  • 5. “CRIMINALISATION OF SEAFARERS” PAWNS IN POLITICAL AND LEGAL GAMES S AF ARE R ON OF SE ALISATI C R IM IN
  • 6. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM "How has the 'Criminalization of Seafarers' impacted the perception of shipping (sailing) as a career ? How can a solution path to this problem be identified? " RS EA F ARE IO N OF S A LISAT C R IM IN
  • 7. HYPOTHESIS i) The instances/cases of ‘criminalisation of seafarers’ has had a very negative impact on the way seafarers in general perceive shipping (sailing) as a career. ii) This issue has negatively impacted seafarers at different levels of shipboard organisation viz. Senior officers, Junior officers and Cadets/Trainees. iii) This issue has negatively impacted seafarers in both the deck as well as engine department. iv) This issue has negatively impacted seafarers serving on both the tankers as well as dry cargo ships.
  • 8. METHODOLOGY& PROCEDURE For the purpose of this research a survey was conducted which had two components:  Online survey – links posted on various websites.  Group administered survey – physical interaction with seafarers at various training institutes, company office etc. RS EA F ARE IO N OF S A LISAT C R IM IN
  • 9. SAMPLE A total of 306 respondents participated in the survey An attempt was made to have sufficient number of seafarers based on each of the following divisions: Division (i)  Senior officers  Junior officers  Cadets/Trainees Division (ii)  Seafarers serving on Tankers  Seafarers serving on Dry Cargo ships Division (iii)  Seafarers from Deck department  Seafarers from Engine department
  • 10. RESULTS-IMPACT The first section of the survey consisted of statements assessing the impact of criminalisation. The respondents were given multiple choice answers and asked to select what was closest to what they feel. RS EA F ARE IO N OF S A LISAT C R IM IN
  • 11. Statement: I fear I can become a victim of criminalisation in spite of following my professional duties judiciously. Q2. I Fear I can become a victim of criminalization inspite of following my professional duties judiciously. 96% 4% 50 % 41 40 % 37 % OF RESPONSES 30 % 20 % 18 10 % 3 1 0 0% ST RONGLY AGREE SOME WHAT UNDECIDED DISAGREE ST RONGLY AGREE AGREE DISAGREE
  • 12. Statement: The issue of criminalisation has affected my morale and enthusiasm towards work and my career. Q3.The issue of criminalisation has affected my morale and enthusiasm towards work and my career. 79% 21% 50 % 40 % 35 % OF RESPONSES 30 % 28 20 % 16 15 10 % 4 2 0% STRONGLY AGREE SOME WHAT UNDECIDED DISAGREE STRONGLY AGREE AGREE DISAGREE
  • 13. Statement: The issue of criminalisation has made my life more stressful while on board. Q4.The issue of criminalisation has made my life more stressful while on board. 76% 24% 50 % 40 % 31 % OF RESPONSES 30 % 25 20 20 % 15 10 % 7 2 0% STRONGLY AGREE AGREE SOME WHAT UNDECIDED DISAGREE STRONGLY AGREE DISAGREE
  • 14. Statement: The fear of Criminalization is a considerably strong factor that may prompt me to look into alternative career options ashore. Q5.The fear of Criminalization is a considerably strong factor that may prompt me to look into alternative career options ashore. 67% 33% 50 % 40 % % OF RESPONSES 30 % 29 20 20 % 18 18 11 10 % 4 0% STRONGLY AGREE AGREE SOME WHAT UNDECIDED DISAGREE STRONGLY AGREE DISAGREE
  • 15. Statement: With Criminalization in mind I would discourage my family members or friends from taking up shipping (sailing) as a career. Q6.W ith Criminalization in mind I would discourage my family members or friends from taking up shipping (sailing) as a career. 71% 29% 50 % 40 % % OF RESPONSES 30 % 25 25 21 20 % 19 10 % 6 4 0% STRONGLY AGREE AGREE SOME WHAT UNDECIDED DISAGREE STRONGLY AGREE DISAGREE
  • 16. Statement: I feel appropriate and timely action is not being taken by the responsible international bodies and governments to successfully deal with this problem. Q7.I feel appropriate and timely action is not being taken by the responsible international bodies and governments to successfully deal with this problem. 95% 5% 60 % 56 50 % 40 % % OF RESPONSES 32 30 % 20 % 10 % 8 2 2 1 0% STRONGLY AGREE SOME WHAT UNDECIDED DISAGREE STRONGLY AGREE AGREE DISAGREE
  • 17. Statement: I feel this problem is only going to get aggravated in future. Q8.I feel this problem is only going to get aggravated in future. 90% 10% 50 % 42 40 % 38 % OF RESPONSES 30 % 20 % 12 10 % 6 3 1 0% STRONGLY AGREE SOME WHAT UNDECIDED DISAGREE STRONGLY AGREE AGREE DISAGREE
  • 18. Statement: I do not feel the incentives and perks involved with shipping (sailing) are at par with the risks involved particularly with reference to criminalization. Q9.I do not feel the incentives and perks involved with shipping (sailing) are at par with the risks involved particularly with reference to criminalization. 88% 12% 50 % 40 % 37 34 % OF RESPONSES 30 % 20 % 16 10 % 7 4 1 0% STRONGLY AGREE SOME WHAT UNDECIDED DISAGREE STRONGLY AGREE AGREE DISAGREE
  • 19. Statement: With incidents of Criminalization being widely highlighted through the media, my family members feel more insecure sending me out to sea. Q10.W ith incidents of Criminalization being widely highlighted through the media , my family members feel more insecure sending me out to sea. 87% 13% 50 % 40 % 36 % OF RESPONSES 30 % 27 23 20 % 10 % 7 5 1 0% STRONGLY AGREE SOME WHAT UNDECIDED DISAGREE STRONGLY AGREE AGREE DISAGREE
  • 20. Statement: I feel the incidents of criminalisation have further tarnished the image of shipping as a lucrative career option. Q11.I feel the incidents of criminalisation has further tarnished the image of shipping as a lucrative career option. 89% 11% 50 % 42 40 % 31 % OF RESPONSES 30 % Y 20 % 16 10 % 8 2 1 0% STRONGLY AGREE AGREE SOME WHAT UNDECIDED DISAGREE STRONGLY AGREE DISAGREE
  • 21. SUMMARY- CONSOLIDATED 52.4% - PRESENT SCENARIO 100% 0 100% WORST POSSIBLE SCENARIO BEST POSSIBLE SCENARIO
  • 22. SUMMARY- CATEGORY SENIOR OFFICERS 64% CADETS/TRAINEES 36% 100% 100% JUNIOR OFFICERS 55% WORST POSSIBLE SCENARIO BEST POSSIBLE SCENARIO
  • 23. SUMMARY- SHIP TYPE TANKERS 56% 100% 100% DRY CARGO 46% WORST POSSIBLE SCENARIO BEST POSSIBLE SCENARIO
  • 24. SUMMARY- SHIP DEPT. DECK OFFICERS 60% 100% 100% ENG OFFICERS 60% WORST POSSIBLE SCENARIO BEST POSSIBLE SCENARIO
  • 25. RESULTS-SOLUTION In the second section of the survey the respondents were given five possible solutions to the problem of criminalisation and were asked to assess these solutions from their perspective. The options consisted of a scale from 1 to 10 with ‘1’ indicating ‘Least effective’ and ‘10’ indicating ‘Most effective’. RS EA F ARE IO N OF S A LISAT C R IM IN
  • 26. Statement: In case of any incident there should be no incarceration of seafarers without charge i.e they are considered innocent until proven guilty and are rightly treated so. Q12.In case of any incident there should be no incarcenation of seafarers without charge i.e they are considered innocent until proven guilty and are rightly treated so. 70.0 60.0 51.2 % OF RESPONDENTS 50.0 40.0 30.0 19.6 20.0 17.7 10.0 2.9 4.3 1.4 1.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 EFFECTIVENESS : 1= LEAST EFFECTIVE , 10= MOST EFFECTIVE
  • 27. Statement: Seafarers should be recognized as a special category of workers and given special protection such as trial only under a well established international tribunal rather than under local jurisdiction in case of an incident. Q13.Seafarers should be recognized as a special category of workers and given special protection such as trial only under a well established international tribunal rather than under local jurisdiction in case of an incident. 70.0 60.0 58.4 50.0 % OF RESPONDENTS 40.0 30.0 22.0 20.0 12.9 10.0 1.4 2.4 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 1.0 0.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 EFFECTIVENESS : 1= LEAST EFFECTIVE , 10= MOST EFFECTIVE
  • 28. Statement: National laws in various countries that incriminate the seafarers for acts of pollution even if they are not intentional or resulting from gross negligence must be suitably amended. Q14.National laws in various countries that incriminate the seafarers for acts of pollution even if they are not intentional or resulting from gross negligence must be suitably amended. 70.0 60.0 49.3 % OF RESPONDENTS 50.0 40.0 30.0 22.5 20.0 16.3 10.0 5.3 1.0 1.0 1.9 2.4 0.5 0.0 0.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 EFFECTIVENESS : 1= LEAST EFFECTIVE , 10= M OST EFFECTIVE
  • 29. Statement: There must not be any custodial detention of seafarers pending the trial i.e they are allowed to return to their home country and summoned only when required. Q15.There must not be any custodial detention of seafarers pending the trial i.e they are allowed to return to their home country and summoned only when required. 70.0 67.3 60.0 % OF RESPONDENTS 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 15.9 9.1 10.0 3.8 0.5 0.5 1.9 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 EFFECTIVENESS : 1= LEAST EFFECTIVE , 10= M OST EFFECTIVE
  • 30. Statement: The guidelines on the "fair treatment of seafarers" must be made mandatory. Q16.The guidelines on the "fair treatment of seafarers" must be made mandatory. 69.9 70.0 60.0 50.0 % OF RESPONDENTS 40.0 30.0 20.0 12.9 13.4 10.0 1.0 1.9 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 EFFECTIVENESS : 1= LEAST EFFECTIVE , 10= M OST EFFECTIVE
  • 31. CONCLUSION “Wake up higher authorities .I am young and energetic and pretty much optimistic towards my sea service. Kindly take short notice action on criminalisation. Best regards.” - One of the respondents, a Pakistani cadet The above statement in my opinion symbolises the crux of the problem that this research was aiming to address. It has shades of despair which reflects the helplessness of the respondent, much the same feeling shared by majority of the seafarers that participated in the survey
  • 32. The results clearly reflected that this problem is deep rooted and no matter what level of shipboard organisation, what department or what type of ship, the issue has had a negative impact. On the contrary the above statement also has shades of hope and optimism. Same was apparent in the majority of the respondents who actively came forward to put across their point of view and their suggestions on how to deal with this issue. The wide acceptance that the solutions mentioned in the questionnaire received, is in itself a sign of optimism that “Something can be done”
  • 33. The only question however that remains unanswered is “Will it be done??” RS EA F ARE IO N OF S A LISAT C R IM IN
  • 34. Thank you for your attention RS EA F ARE IO N OF S A LISAT C R IM IN

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. “ They were handcuffed and their feet were tied with rope. They are allowed to bathe only once a week and can walk freely for only one hour.” Preetha Shyam
  2. “ I am a seaman. I do not have a problem with the heat, or bad food or being in a small room. These are not things I cannot stand. But the awful thing is that at the age of 58 I am a prisoner when I should not be a prisoner. It is the indignity. ” – Capt Laptalo