A visão geral da demografia da África do Sul é o tema da apresentação exibida pelo Departamento de Desenvolvimento Social da República da África do Sul, no dia 20 de fevereiro, durante a reunião plenária que marcou o início das discussões do seminário “População e Desenvolvimento na Agenda do Cairo: balanço e desafios”. Detalhes em: www.sae.gov.br

1. 1
Overview of South Africa’s
demography and the Population
Policy response thereto
BRICS inaugural seminar on
Population matters
Numbi Hotel, Mpumalanga
01 March 2014

2. 2
Outline of the presentation
• Structure of the SA population
• Population growth: 1996-2011
• Population growth and structure
• SA population pyramids: 1996, 2007 and 2011
• Gender equality, equity and empowerment of women
• SRHR
• Population Policy responses
– Vision
– Goal
– Objectives and strategies

3. 3
Structure of the SA population
• Population size grew noticeably from 40.5 m
in 1996 to 44.8 m in 2001 & then to 51.8m
in 2011
• 2m more females (27m or 51%) than males
(25m or 49%)
• Gauteng & KZN = largest populations;
Northern Cape = smallest population
• Percentage distribution of the population (by
population group) remained relatively stable
– Black Africans constituting the vast majority (79.8%);
Coloureds (9%); Whites (8.7%) & Indians/Asians
(2.5%)
• Population growth rate is declining & will
continue to decline
– Attributed to HIV & AIDS & decline in fertility
• SA is a relatively youthful population, but is
showing signs of maturing
– Decline in 0 – 14 years & increase in 65+ and
increase in economically active (15 – 64) group

4. 4
Population growth: 1996-2011
40.6 m
44.8 m
48.5 m
51.8 m
1996-2001
2.01% pa
2001-2007
1.33% pa
2007-2011
0.61% pa
• Population growing – at a slower rate
• Population structure changing

5. 5
Population growth & structure
Population characteristics 1996 2001 2011
% of population < 15 34.3 32.1 29
% of population 15 – 34
(Youth)
36.7 36.8 37.6
% of population 15 - 64 60.8 63.0 66
% of population > 60 4.8 4.9 8.1
Dependency ratio 0.64 0.53
Household size 4.5 3.9 3.6
Median age 22 23 25

6. 6
SA Population pyramids: 1996, 2007 and 2011
South African Population, 1996
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 - 4
5-9
10-14
15 - 19
20 - 24
25 - 29
30 - 34
35 - 39
40 - 44
45 - 49
50 - 54
55 - 59
60 - 64
65 - 69
70 - 74
75 - 79
>80
Male Female
South African Population, 2007
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 - 4
5-9
10-14
15 - 19
20 - 24
25 - 29
30 - 34
35 - 39
40 - 44
45 - 49
50 - 54
55 - 59
60 - 64
65 - 69
70 - 74
75 - 79
>80
Male Female
South African Population, 2014
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 - 4
5-9
10-14
15 - 19
20 - 24
25 - 29
30 - 34
35 - 39
40 - 44
45 - 49
50 - 54
55 - 59
60 - 64
65 - 69
70 - 74
75 - 79
>80
Male Female
32.1% 31% 29.8%
4.9% 5.4% 8.1%
0-15
15-34
>60
36.7% 36.5% 38%

7. 7
Gender equality, equity & the empowerment of women
• Social grants, free basic services & the
mainstreaming of gender in government programmes
have contributed to improving women's quality of live
and that of their household members
• Poverty disproportionately affect women; individuals
in female headed households more vulnerable
• Unemployment much higher for females (34.6% up
from 26.3%) than males (25.6% up from 20%)
• Labour absorption rate for Black African women
(28.8%); White women (62.5%)
– Higher for White women than Black African men
(40.8%)
• Women more dependent on survivalist activities in
informal sector – low wages, high insecurity &
increased vulnerability
• High levels of violence against women & children
(GBV)
• Variation between actual & preferred family size –
poor communication & a lack of female decision
making power regarding family planning &
childbearing – Illustrating continued inequalities in
sexual & reproductive relations

8. 8
Sexual & Reproductive health & rights
• Total Fertility Rate (TFR) 1960s - 2011
• Total Fertility Rate (TFR) declined from 6.7 children
per woman in 1960s to 2.9 1998) to 2.35 in 2011
Gauteng – lowest fertility rate during 2006 – 2011 at
2.10 and Limpopo the highest at 2.85
Teenage fertility declined, but teenage pregnancy
remains high at 56 births per 1000 women aged 15 –
19 (2011)
Improved access to SRH services since 1998 have
been undermined by decreased life expectancy and
increased MMR, both linked to HIV & AIDS
Maternal Mortality Rate, Infant Mortality Rate & Under
5 Mortality Rate remain worryingly high – SA unlikely
to meet MDG goals in this regard
Non pregnancy related infections accounted for 40% of
maternal deaths (DoH, 2012)
Antenatal health care coverage & proportion of births
attended by trained health professionals& proportion of
women who have delivered in a health facility are very
high
Introduction of medical male circumcision to reduce
risk of STI & HIV infection
1960s 1998 2008 2011
6.7 2.9 2.4 2.35

9. POPULATION POLICY
RESPONSE
9

10. VISION
To contribute towards the establishment of a
society that provides a high and equitable
quality of life for all South Africans in which
population trends are commensurate with
sustainable socio-economic and
environmental development
10

11. GOAL
To bring about changes in the determinants
of the country’s population trends, so that
these trends are consistent with the
achievement of sustainable human
development.
11

12. OBJECTIVES
• The systematic integration of population
factors into all policies, plans, programmes
and strategies in all spheres and within all
sectors and institutions of government;
• Developing and implementing a co-
ordinated multi-sectoral, interdisciplinary
and intergrated approach in designing and
executing programmes and interventions
that impact on major national and
population concerns;
12

13. OBJECTIVES CONT
• Making available reliable and up-to-date
information on the population and human
development situation in the country in
order to inform policy-making and
programme design, implementation,
monitoring and evaluation at all levels and
in all sectors
13

14. STRATEGIES
Policy objectives will be achieved through
inter-sectoral programmes implemented by
government departments and supported by
the private sector and organisations of civil
society.
14

15. STRATEGIES FOCUS ON:
• Coordination and capacity building for
population and development planning;
• Population advocacy, information
education and communication (IEC);
• Poverty reduction;
• Health, mortality and fertility;
• Gender, women, youth and children;
15

16. STRATEGIC FOCUS CONT.
• Education;
• Employment;
• Environment sustainability;
• Migration and urbanisation;
• Data collection and research.
16

17. Thank you
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