Climate change and gender saadullah ayaz

Climate Change and Gender-
Experiences of IUCN

Saadullah Ayaz
IUCN Pakistan
IUCN, IUCN, International for Conservation of NatureNature and Natural Resources
International Union Union for Conservation of and Natural Resources, Pakistan

ABOUT IUCN

IUCN- International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources is the world’s
oldest and largest global environmental network

A democratic membership union with more than 1,000 government and NGO member
organizations, and almost 11,000 volunteer scientists in more than 160 countries worldwide

IUCN helps the world find pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and
development challenges.

Supports scientific research, manages field projects all over the world and brings
governments, non-government organizations, United Nations agencies, companies and local
communities together to develop and implement policy, laws and best practice

Status of an ‘Observer’ in UN General Assembly

IUCN’s Headquarters
Gland, Switzerland

IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

WHAT DOES IUCN DO?
Knowledge: IUCN develops and supports cutting edge conservation
science, particularly in species, ecosystems, biodiversity, and
the impact these have on human livelihoods

Action: IUCN runs thousands of field projects around the world to
better manage natural environments

Influence: IUCN supports governments, NGOs, international
conventions, UN organizations, companies and communities
to develop laws, policy and best-practice
Empowerment: IUCN helps implement laws, policy and best-practice by
mobilizing organizations, providing resources, training
people and monitoring results


IUCN- A GLOBAL UNION

Headquarters in Gland, Switzerland


THE DRIVING FORCE

IUCN’s VISION
A just world that values and
conserves nature

IUCN’s Mission
Influence, encourage and assist
societies to conserve the integrity and
diversity of nature and ensure any use
of natural resources is equitable and
ecologically sustainable


OUR STRUCTURE


IUCN’s VALUE PROPOSITION

Knowledge Empowerment Governance

Establishing a common
Impact

standard for
Building new
approaches, services
approaches and a
and products that allow
Applying, and in constituency that can
for scaling-up,
some cases tailoring, maintain, promote adaptation and quality
knowledge to a and extend the
Research and data control
specific situation application of
for sustainable sustainability
and/or the needs of
resource
partners at any level
management

Reach


CORE PROGRAMME AREAS


IUCN IN PAKISTAN

A long term commitment since 1985
Several offices, around 112 staff
largest Country Programme of the Union in the World


MEMBERS IN PAKISTAN – 29

Gilgit-Baltistan Administration
Pak Env. Protection Found
Government of Balochistan


OFFICES AND WORK

Islamabad Office
MBP Murree Office • Programme Coordination
• Constituency
• NIAP
Sarhad Office at Peshawar
• Murree Biodiversity Park
•FATA Environment Cell
• ESMA
• EFR
• PSDS
BPSD Qila Saifullah Office • ADB-TPM
• CC-TAP/Road to CPN
• Clean Air Initiative
Juniper Ziarat Office • CKMP

Country Office at Karachi
Balochistan Office at Quetta
• Coastal Ecosystem
• BPSD
• Sindh Coastal project
• Business & Biodiversity
• Comm. & Outreach
• Water Programme
• Finance
BPSD Gwadar Office
• HR
BPSD Lasbela Office • Admin


IUCN IN PAKISTAN

IUCN Pakistan is seen as an effective agent for;

• Mainstreaming environment into policy-making, periodic reviews

• Building partnerships and encouraging dialogue with stakeholder

• Encouraging donor agencies to provide flexible but focused grants for the
development of the environment sector in Pakistan

• Encouraging and supporting environmental impact assessments of all new
development projects and policies

• Awareness and advocacy
• Enhancing capacity of its member organizations and government institutions in
sustainable development

• Demonstrating/piloting in remote areas to provide replicable models for
communities and member organizations


CLIMATE CHANGE AND GENDER


GENDER BALANCED APPROACH

…..Should not simply be about women.
Men and boys are also vulnerable to the
impacts of climate change, but often in
different ways, and these need to be
identified and communicated

Furthermore, women and girls are involved in
relationships with men and boys and it is at
the level of these gender relations and the
social expectations influencing them that
research needs to be conducted and change
needs to happen.” (Bridge, 2008)


WOMEN AT RISK

Climate change is not gender neutral

Climate change impacts will be differently distributed
among different regions, generations, age classes,
income groups, occupations and genders

The poor (of which 70% are women) will be
disproportionately affected. Women are also
powerful agents of change by playing a key role in
energy consumption, deforestation, burning of
vegetation, population growth and economic growth

Gender Concerns and Ethics
– Principle of Individual Liberty
– Utilitarian Principle
– Principle of Justice


KEY FACTS

Women are the main producers of the world‘s staple crops, providing up to 90%
of food for the rural poor and producing 60–80% of the food in most developing
countries
Women already struggle to cope with year-to-year variability of maize, sorghum,
millet and groundnut yields associated with the El Niño Southern Oscillation.
Crop productivity in extreme El Niño years is expected to drop a further 20–50%
in southern
Africa

Women are already more vulnerable to nutritional problems. 50% of the women
and children in developing countries are anaemic


KEY FACTS (contd.)

Climate variability plays an important role in initiating malaria epidemics in the East
African highlands and accounts for 70% of variation of recent cholera outbreaks in
Bangladesh. This increase has more severe impacts on women who often have
less access to medical services than men. Women’s workloads also increase as
they spend time caring for the sick

There is decisive evidence that gender differences in deaths from natural disasters
are directly linked to women’s economic and social rights. In societies that are more
inequitable, men are likely to receive preferential treatment in rescue efforts and
women are likely to suffer more from shortages of food andother resources in the
aftermath of disasters


KEY FACTS (contd.)

Many key decision-making institutions related to climate
change have a male-dominated hierarchical structure

Women’s empowerment is now being linked to climate change
solutions


IMPACTS ON WOMEN
Impacts on women

Household food provision;
CROP FAILURE
Increased agricultural work

Household fuel provision;
FUEL SHORTAGE food-fuel conflicts

Household water provision;
SHORTAGE OF SAFE,
exposure to contaminated sources
Climate CLEAN WATER
Change Economic drawbacks; lack of land
tenure; resource-dependent
RESOURCE SCARCITY livelihoods; school dropouts, early
marriage
Greater incidence of mortality;
NATURAL DISASTERS reduction of life expectancy

Lack of access to healthcare;
increased burden of caring for
DISEASE young, sick and elderly

Loss of livelihoods; lack of adequate
DISPLACE-MENT shelter; conflicts

Loss of livelihoods and lives; sexual
CIVIL WAR / CONFLICT violence and trauma
Adopted from WEDO (2008)


GLOBAL CONCERNS
Every major global agreement now includes a gender component:

1. United Nations Charter (1945)
2. Universal Declaration on Human Rights (1948)
3. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) (1979)
4. Convention on Biodiversity (1992)
5. Chapter 24 of Agenda 21 (UNCED 1992)
6. World Conference on Human Rights (1993)
7. International Conference on Population and Development (1994)
8. Convention to Combat Desertification (1994)
9. World Summit for Social Development (1995)
10. Beijing Platform for Action (1995)
11. Millennium Declaration (2000)
12. Johannesburg Plan of Action (2002)
13. Hyogo Framework for Action (2005)
14. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change/Kyoto Protocol (1992)- Exception!!


GENDER AT IUCN


IUCN’s DEFINITION OF GENDER

IUCN understands that gender refers to the attributes and opportunities associated
with being male and female and the socio-cultural relationships

In most societies there are differences and inequalities between women and men in
activities undertaken, access to and control over resources as well as decision
making opportunities

Gender is part of the broader socio-cultural context which also takes into
consideration factors such as class, race, economic status, ethnic group and age

IUCN understands that adopting a gender perspective means focusing on both
women and men and their relationships with each other and natural resources

IUCN further understands that mainstreaming gender means creating an enabling
working environment that in turn attracts and helps to retain gender sensitive staff

http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gender/


IUCN' S GENDER POLICY STATEMENT
(Adopted in April 1998)

Submitted to the 48th meeting of the IUCN Council 27-29 April 1998 and was endorsed with
subsequent modifications

Calls for the promotion of equity and equality as a crucial factor for environmental
sustainability and an integral part of all conservation efforts. It presents the goals of equity
and equality in the context of IUCN's overall mission and provides a brief conceptual
framework and the rationale for the consideration of equality issues

Calls for an effective mainstreaming strategy to integrate a gender perspective in a broad
socio-cultural context, into IUCN's Policies, Programmes and Projects

cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/gender_policy.pdf


MAINSTREAMING GENDER
IN IUCN’s WORK
IUCN realizes that gender is one of the most important determinants of a wholesome and
meaningful development

IUCN realizes that fundamental objectives of any development programme cannot be
achieved without taking into account the role of gender and harmonizing gender relations

IUCN realizes that human development, that often precedes its material effects and
manifestations is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to actualize in the absence of gender
equity and justice

A long process of recognition of issues of gender, beginning in 1984 culminated in a
resolution to the 1996 World Conservation Congress. This resolution called for, among other
things, IUCN to “integrate gender perspectives across the IUCN Programme”

IUCN’s Gender Checklist and Guidelines (2006)
http://www.iucn.org/about/union/secretariat/offices/asia/asia_where_work/pakistan/publications/pubs
2006/pubs_gender_checklist.cfm


SUPPORT TO PARTNERS

Training Manual on Gender and Climate Change
(http://generoyambiente.org/arcangel2/documentos/651_english.pdf )

Goal:
Answering the urgent demand expressed by the Parties to UNFCCC and other stakeholders
for a deeper understanding about the linkages between gender and climate change.

Scope:
- including the latest data and information on the
gender dimensions of climate change;

- offering participatory training methodologies for
trainers to foster successful trainings
in the topic at a national and/or regional levels.


SUPPORT TO PARTNERS

CBD’s Gender Plan of Action
http://www.cbd.int/doc/meetings/cop/cop-09/information/cop-09-inf-12-rev1-en.doc

Defines the role that the CBD Convention Secretariat will play in stimulating and facilitating
efforts to overcome constraints and take advantage of opportunities to promote gender
equality

It is also a reflection of the increasing awareness that gender equality and women’s
empowerment are important prerequisites for environmental conservation and sustainable
development


SUPPORT TO PARTNERS

UNEP’s Gender Plan of Action
http://www.unep.ch/roe/gender/refdocs/Final%20POA%20for%20UNEP.pdf

The Plan of Action is a set of gender-equality criteria, gender sensitive strategies and
guidelines for implementation of programmes


SUPPORT TO PARTNERS

Gender Equality within the REDD and REDD-plus framework (UNFCCC)
http://www.generoyambiente.org/arcangel2/documentos/500.pdf

Incorporation of gender considerations into the REDD and REDD-plus frameworks brings
about increased efficiency and sustainability as it contributes to women’s involvement and
commitment who are crucial players of local forest management


SUPPORT TO PARTNERS

IUCN Factsheet Linking Gender and Biodiversity

IUCN Factsheet Gender and Agricultural Biodiversity

IUCN Factsheet Gender and National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans
(NBSAPs)

IUCN Factsheet "Gender and Bioenergy"

Putting Words into Action… Analysis of the Status of Gender Mainstreaming in the
Main Multilateral Environmental Agreements


RELEVANT WORK IN PAKISTAN

IUCN Pakistan recognises gender equity as an integral element for conservation and
sustainable development and is committed to ensuring that gender is an inherent
factor in all its programmes and projects

Gender integration and sensitisation are important factors in its mandate

IUCN’s Human Resource Manual contains a specific Gender Policy (Annexe 1), that
aims at achieving a gender balance in staff

The global IUCN Gender Policy adopted in 1998 has also been adopted in both
Pakistan and the region (Annexe 2). The Policy statement calls for:

the promotion of equity and equality as a crucial factor for environmental
sustainability and an integral part of all conservation efforts. It presents the
goals of equity and equality in the context of IUCN's overall mission and
provides a brief conceptual framework and the rationale for the consideration of
equality issues in environmental work

Prepared Gender Checklist and Guidelines (IUCN, 2004)


RELEVANT WORK IN PAKISTAN (contd.)

Environmental Rehabilitation in NWFP and Punjab (ERNP 1997-2003)
- Gender an integrated component
- Equal opportunities for managerial and technical skill building

- Equal opportunities for natural resource management

Mountain Areas Conservation Programme (MACP 1999-2006)

- Mainstreaming in programme activities

- Equal opportunities for managerial and technical skill building

- Enhanced role in local governance



Programme Support Northern Pakistan (PSNP)
- Development of gender checklists and guidelines

- Gender sensitive monitoring with relevant indicators
- Gender sensitization of staff and partners
- Gender budgeting
- Special focus on women in model projects
- Specific programmes with women groups

Environmental Fiscal Reforms (EFR 2006-2010)
Gender considerations mainstreamed in project rationaleg

Gender-related aspects (environmental investments), considered in all policy/advocacy activities

Trainings and capacity building, management of resources



Balochistan Partnerships for Sustainable Development (BPSD 2007-2013)

- Gender equity as a key component, take affirmative action to involve
women in programme activities

- Measures to address existing gender disparities

- Integrated into District Development Visions (Lasbela, Pishin, Mastung and Quetta)



Findings of Study on “Climate Change in District Quetta, Balochistan-
Implications and Recommendations” (Under publication, 2011)

Women make up a large number of the poor in communities
in Quetta are disproportionately vulnerable to and affected

Poor women are more vulnerable because of socially
constructed gender roles and behaviors

In Quetta, women’s informal rights to resources could
decrease or disappear as access to land natural resources
dwindle due to climate change

Gender discrimination in the allocation of resources,
including those relating to nutrition and medicines is putting
females at greater risk than male


Thanks

Saadullah Ayaz
Coordinator, Climate Change/Clean Air Initiative
IUCN Pakistan
Email: saad.ayaz@iucn.org


Climate change and gender saadullah ayaz

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